project on sun traking system mechanical engineer

8/7/2019 project on sun traking system mechanical engineer

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INDEX

SR NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 05

2 Need 06

3 Construction 10

4 Working 28

5 Parts & cost 29

6 Application 30

7 Analysis 38

8 Advantages 41

9 Conclusion 42

10 References 43

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(1) Introduction

Sun tracking system is the system in which the solar radiation is tracking on

collector which is always kept in front of sun.

In other types collectors, the collector is steady so it can collect energy in

varying form where in this collector the energy stored approximately at same rate.

(Varying of temperature is due to atmospheric effect.)

Generally use of energy is best if it is getting constant rate that is not possible

in ordinary system so we go to the tracking.

Electric energy from p-v cell is stored in battery, initially collector is posioned

30 with horizontal, shortly at 8:00 a.m. and the system is running with sync-

motor.

We can also use electric supply directly so there is no need of above.

At 4:00 p.m. the connection of circuit is open and sync-motor is stop and D.C.

motor is running and put collector to its initial position.

P-V cell also angularly move with collector.

Fig. 1.1 parabolic movable collector

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(2) Need

Need of solar tracking system

(1)

We need energy in constant form like constant temperature or heat

energy, but in other system it cannot get because at morning the sun is placed

at higher angle so radiation from sun is less compare to afternoon. This is also

happened in evening. Figure shows the position and energy collection.

Fig. 1.2 flat plat collector

Generally flat plate collector placed as above shows but, you see the tracking

system collector it moves same angular speed of sun and collect energy.

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Slide 1.1 flat plat collector

Figure shows the position of collector with sun in sun tracking

system,

Fig. 1.3 Parabolic collector

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In sun tracking system as its name indicate the radiation tracking from sun in

constant form so we can use in different form like heating, cooling, power plant,

distillation plant etc.

(2).

Some time sun radiation is tracking on CPC (computed parabolic collector)

but there are some complications which are follows,

o Complicated design

o Does not give constant temperature

o Lower temperature compare to this system

o Large in size (vertical size is higher which created complication in

arrangement)

CPC

Fig. 1.2.1 Compounded parabolic collector

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Our system covered all the possible applications that not covered in

above like Constant temperature during the period (avoided atmospheric

losses) higher temperature compare to all other possible think

o Compaq in size at same output

o Low cost (35% more than simple flat plat collector and 11 % more

than CPC)

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Slides (sun tracking system)

(3) Constructions

There are no complications in this collector. The parts which requires in

system are listed below.

SR NO. NAME OF PARTS PAGE NO.

1 Synchronous motor 11

2 Speed reduce gear mechanism 12

3 Chain drive 16

4 Parabolic collector 16

5 D.C. motor with speed reducer 17

6 Power system 19

7 Automatic stop switch 21

8 Absorber 23

9 Supporting system 24

We are taking all parts detail respectively,

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(3.1) Synchronous motor

This is the motor which is rotating at constant speed at any condition. Any

condition means it not change its speed during variation on load.

Like during working, due to dust or lost in lubrication, increase in friction

between gears so motor take more load and take more current from battery but

not change its speed.

In some case load on motor is reduce due to self weight but this time motor

take low current or reduce in current input but speed is remains constant.

Rating of motor

Power input 1.2 2 watt,

Voltage required 12 v A.C.,

Speed of motor 5 r.p.m.,

Current input variable (depended on load)

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Slide 3.1.1 (Synchronous motor) Slide 3.1.2 (Synchronous motor)

Slide 3.1.3 (Synchronous motor)

(3.2) Speed reducer gear mechanism

The sun speed from east to west is 15 degree per hour but motor speed is 5 r.p.m.

so required speed reducer up to 15 D.P.H (degree per hour).

The mechanism which is used in system is shown in figure.

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Slide 3.2.1(Speed reducer gear mechanism)

Slide 3.2.2(Speed reducer gear mechanism)

It is used for reducing speed of motor and increase the torque of motor.

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The reduction in speed is done by this,

There is mathematics of reducer

N1/N10=(T2*T4*T6*T8*T10)/(T1*T3*T4*T5*T7*T9)

Where

The N1 = 5rpm, T2=T4=44 no of teeth,

T6 = 66 no. of teeth,

T8 = 86 no. of teeth,

T1 = T3 = T5 = T7 = 8 no. of teeth, and

T9 & T10 is used to drive chain,

T9 = 15 no. of teeth

T10 = 45 no. of teeth.

Below shows line diagram of arrangement of gears,

Fig. 3.2.1 (Speed reducer gear mechanism)

Finally

We get the out put speed of 15 degree. And get higher torque output.

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(3.3) Chain drive

This is used to rotate collector wheel.

The motion is transmitted from gear to the collector and also the reduction of

speed which shows above.

Chain is joints the wheel,

1. Collector wheel,

2. Low speed wheel,

3. Reverse wheel.

Below shows line diagram of arrangement of chain drive,

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Fig. 3.2.2 (Chain drive)

(3. 4) Parabolic collector

Its function is to reflect the radiation toward the vertex.

At vertex line one absorber is there.

Below shows line diagram of parabolic collector,

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Fig. 3.4.1 (Parabolic collector)

The construction of parabola is doing by tangent method that is shown below

Fig. 3.4.2 (Method to construct parabola)

Material used in collector is stainless steel 16 gauge

(3. 5) D.C. motor with speed reducer

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It is used to put collector at its initial position. At the during working

collector is moved at 15 d.p.h. with sun when it reached at 120 from its

initial position the system is automatically stop and this motor mechanism put

the collector to its initial position for working on next day.

It is also connected with speed reduction gear mechanism to increase the

torque because it has low power so reducing speed by gear mechanism we can

improve the torque of the motor.

It takes 30 40 sec to put the connector to its initial position.

Rating of this motor

Voltage 12 V D.C.

Speed 1500 RPM

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Fig. 3.5.1 (D.C. motor with speed reducer)

Slide 3.5.1 (D.C. motor)

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Slide 3.5.1 (D.C. motor)

(3. 6) Power system

This consist of two system

1. Using photo voltaic sell

2. Using electric supply

(3.6.1)Using photo voltaic sell

It consist following parts

1.Photo voltaic sell (P.V sell)

It is used to provide electric power for running the system. System require

power to run synchronous motor as well as D.C. motor that is provided from

sun radiation which directly converted in electric power using silicon P.V.

sell.

Rating of p-v cell

12 v, 6w.

2.Battery

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It is used to store electric power. Some time P.V. sell cannot give proper

power due to cloudy atmosphere or any other situation but at this time system

use battery power. Battery is charged time to time by P.V. sell because system

take maximum 2w where P.V. sell provide 6w power so remaining 4 w is

charged.

Rating of battery

Voltage 12 v

(3) Inverter

We know that synchronous motor run on A.C. power but battery

supply only D.C. power this time we need to convert D.C. power to A.C.

power at require frequency and rated power.

Inverter has group of diodes, resisters, capacitors and inductors. Which solves

this problem.

Rating and its system

It converts 12 vD.C. Power to 12 A.C. power.

It put 50 Hz frequency on system.

It has also fuse system to provide protection to over load system

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Fig. 3.10.1 (Invertor)

(3.6.2)Using electric supply

In this method electric supply (230 V) is converting in to two form 12 v D.C.

and 12 V A.C. and it is used as above.

This conversation is done by transformers.

(3.7) Automatic stop start mechanism

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At morning 8 A.M. system is start to run using clock or sensor,

when it cover 120 the synchronous motor is stop this is done by

automatic switch which is shown in figure.

Fig.3.8.1 (Automatic stop start mechanism)

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Fig.3.8.1 (Automatic stop start mechanism)

As in figure shown when collector cover 120 collector during this period the wire is

closed for synchronous motor and run it, while it covers this connection will brake

and another connection is joint for D.C. motor and it is run.

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Slide 3.8.1 (Automatic stop start mechanism)


(3.8) Absorber

It contain group of pipes which is placed on collecor where maximum

radiation is come after reflection.

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Fig. 3.9.1(Absorber)

The material of pipe genarlly keep as maximum heat can be tranfer like

copper and alluminium.in this system we use the alluminium pipe sets.

The absorbor is blacked coloured so can collect maximum radiation from sun.


(3.9) Supporting system

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This system include provide support to the parabolic collector. The sun

is changing their position during change of season. During winter the sun

position is towards south and maximum angle between sun rays and vertical

line. So for tracking and get higher benefit we also change collector angle as

per season.

In some system collector is placed as latitude angle thats why all

season change it is steady and get average radiation from sun, but in over

system we put collector is not steady but changeable its angle from change of

season.

Fig shows the arrangement

Fig. 3.11.1 (Supporting system)

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There are two pipes of different diameter. the small diameter pipes inserted in big one

and there are different location angle key hole are there on the pipe as we fix the key

in the hole we can set the angle at different angle and track maximum radiation from

sun.

Fig. 3.11.1 (Supporting system)

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Fig. 3.11.1 (Supporting system) Fig. 3.11.1 (Supporting system)

Construction of whole circuit

The figure shows arrangements of system

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P.V. sell is also move angularly with collector which covor maximum

radiation from sun and get maximum power to battery.

(4) Working

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Electric energy from p-v cell is stored in battery, initially collector is posioned

30 with horizontal, shortly at 8:00 a.m. and the system is running with syn-

motor.

System can also start automatically but it require some extra attechment like

clock or sensor system.

At 4:00 p.m. the connection of circuit is open because of swiching

arrengement shown above in constuction and syn-motor is stop and d.c. motor

is running and put collector to its initial position.

P-V cell also angularly move with collector.which provides maximum power

to battery.

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(4) Material and cost of parts

PARTS DEFINATION AND COST

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR ELECTRONIC DIVIE -250

SPEED REDUCER GEAR ARRANGEMENT-110

D.C. MOTOR ARRANGEMENT D.C.MOTOR&GEARS-75

POWER SYSTEM

1.DIRECT FROM SUPPLY USE TRANSFORMER-95

2.USING SUN ENERGY P-V SELL,BETTARY-1700

SUPPORTING SYSTEM WOOD AND PVC PIPES-350

(5) Application

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Water heating

Water heating

Water distilation plant

Air heating system

Solar electric system for domestic use by solar tracking system

Solar cooling system

Solar power plant

Solar lighting system

WE TAKE ALL APPLICATION AS FOLLOWS

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(5.1) Water heating

This system consists the sets of pipes in which water is flow and we

get increase in temparature.the change in temparature is directly proposion to

the flow of water.

We can take 90 temparature or above itat applicable flowrate. But in flate

collector it take much more time and the max temp is 65 at summer and there

no flow we can just waiting for application and this is done in4 hours.

The apllication of water heating is shown infigure

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Fig. 6.1 (Water heating system)

(5.2) Water distilation plant

We know that in this system the temparature is increase up to 110 so

it converted on steam whichis go to upward and stay on the angular plate

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where it it cooled and converted into water and finally water collect on other

tank which is in

pour form and finally the dust partical are stay down to system and finally we

can pour the water.

Figure shown the arrangements of water distillationplant.

Fig. 6.2 (Water distillation plant)

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(5.3)Air heating system

As same to the water heating ,in this system instead of water we flow the airin pipes which is heated.

Fig shows line dia gram ofair heating system

Fig. 6.3 (Air heating system)

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(5.4) Solar electric system for domestic use by solar tracking

system.

In this system big P.V. sell is put on the collector support which is turn with same

speed of sun so it collect maximum radiation from sun and get maximum power from

sun.

In ordinary electric system P.V. sell is steady so it cannot collect more power at

morning and evening but in this system it moves with sun so it collect constant andmaximum radiation from sun.

Figure shows the system

Fig. 6.4 (P.V.sell)

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(5.5) Solar cooling system

Generaly in solar cooling system V.A.R. (vapour absorption system) isuse .in this system one vapourgenerator is there which generate higher

temparture. The generatureis like flate plate collector or CPC but using this

syetm at super heating we get higher temparture and get higher efficincy of

cooling system.

Figure shows solar cooling system diagram.

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Fig. 6.5 (Cooling system circuit)

(5.6) Solar power plant

Solar power plant is used as big application. It needed moch more land for solar pond.

Figure shows solar power plant diagram

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Fig. 6.6 (Solar power plant circuit)

In symple solar system solar pond get 110 c temparture,but use of solar super heating

using solar tracking system we improove efficincy of power plant.and also reduce the

area of place.

(5.7) Solar lighting system

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In this system the tracking of light from sun is reflect on require

placeusing mirror. With moving sun the mirror also move and reflect light at

same place during whole of day.

Fig shows the solar lighting system.

Fig. 6.7 (Solar lighting system)

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(7) Analysis

In this system we compare this system with flate plate collector and

C.P.C.,here we get some data for flate plate collector parabolic collector and

solar traching with parabolic collector.

Fig. 6.7 (Graph temp/time)

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above graph shows the different temprature at different time and

compare flate plate collector with solar tracking.

At date 3rd May 7, 2010 /12:30 time radiation from sun is 665 w/m*m

and collector focus radiation is 989 w/m*m,

Than collector rati o = area of collector/ area of absobor

Than collector ratio= 989/665=1.4872563=1.5(appro)

Belowe table shows data collect on tracking system

SR NO. FLOW RATE (WATER) TEMP(C)

1 100 55.7

2 200 54.1

3 300 51.0

4 400 47.2

5 500 44.7

Table 6.1.1 (Temp/flow rater)

From above data we draw graph than it is,

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Fig. 6.7 (Temp / flow rate)

Below data take for thermo-syphon system for flate plate collector and solar

tracking.

SR NO FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR TRACKING

(different time) (temp) (temp)

1 66.7 68

2 68 69.2

3 67.2 71.1

Table 6.7.2 (Comparison))

CONCLUSION :

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From above data we conclude that like in electric circuit higher voltage

or E.M.F. get higher electric current flow and higher temparature difference

get higher heat flow. So for better efficiency and maximum benefit we use

concentic collector on solar tracking system.some system has series pipes set

in absorbor it get some what higher tempareture in system instead of parallel

set of pipes.

(7) Addvantages

As we know it is simple in construction ,there is no complication in

system,

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Compare to other system it provides higher temparature at likely

constant rate at different time,

Lower cost 135% of C.P.C,

Most of all possible applicable,

No exeternal power require,

We can use it daily as automatic start and stop using clock system

or sensor. (No manualy start or stop )

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(8) Conclusion

From this system we are conclude that in genaral way if we replace

this system from flat plate collector or from C.P.C., we can get maximum

benefits as well as get higher efficincy.

In the future way we can replace all other system from this system

because it has no more costly but highly effectively.

In the future all domestic water heating air heating and also other

which well known in application are used.because they are being more andmore effectively and efficintely.

Now a days many reseach is taking on solar system because mainly it

is non-convensional sources of power and how can find the better ways to

get maximum power from it ?

Today we are there in some industries and big application solar

systems are used as different allication but in future we can replace this by

tracking system and reduce the area of collector and making it simple not

in bigger size.

Government also support to buy or make this system because these is

very helpful to reduce powerdamand from power plant.

So why we are not go to this system for higher effect and efficiency ?

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(9) Referances

(1) Solar energy utilisation

G.D.Rai

(2) Solar energy (Principles and thermal collection

and storage)

Suhas P Sukhatme

(3)A text book of electrical technology volume -2

AC & DC machines

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B.L.Theraja

A.K.Theraja

(4)Solar energy fundamentals and applications

HP gerg

J Prakash

project on sun traking system mechanical engineer

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