AProject on

 "ANALYSIS OF MAXIMUM HOURLY RAINFALL FOR DESIGN OF STORM DRAIN

NETWORK OF SURAT CITY"

 Prepared By: Supervisor

PINGUL JIGNESH K Dr. S.M. YADAV(U12CE013) Professor

CED, SVNIT, Surat 

Civil Engineering DepartmentSARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ICCHANATH, SURAT, GUJARAT - 395007

Tabl

e of

Con

tent

1. Basic Introduction2. Objective3. Scope of Study4. Literature Review5. Study Area6. Need for Study7. Rainfall Data Collection of Silvassa8. Analysis of Rainfall Data for Silvassa 9. Rainfall Data Collection & Analysis for

Surat10.Storm Drain Design for Illustrative Region11.Technical Visit12.Conclusion13.References & Bibliography

The circulation and conservation of earth’s water as it circulates from the land to the sky and back again is called the ‘hydrological cycle’ or ‘water cycle’.

Hydrological cycleBasic

Intro

duct

ion

Basic

Intro

duct

ion

Precipitation : It denotes all forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere.

The usual forms are rainfall , snowfall, hail, frost, drizzle and dew.

Evaporation : The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas & is transferred from the surface to the atmosphere.

Interception : The process in which, the part of precipitation, which may get evaporated or flow down after interception through trees and structures.

Transpiration : Vegetation sends a part of water from under ground surface back to atmosphere.

Infiltration : A process in which portion of water that reaches the ground surface and enters the earth surface.

Runoff : The process in which the portion of precipitation by different paths above and below ground surface reaches the stream channel.

Basic

Intro

duct

ion

This Runoff may cause flood in the city

areas and hence storm drain network are

laid to overcome this problem.

A storm drain system is a network of pipes

used to convey runoff from a city to a

receiving water body.

Their design involves determination of

diameters, slopes and crown elevation or

invert elevation of each pipe.Basic

Intro

duct

ion

The selection of layout or network of pipe

location for a storm sewer system requires

a considerable amount of subjective

judgment.

Gradually manholes/inlets are placed at

street intersections and at major changes

in grade or ground surface slope.

Basic

Intro

duct

ion

Obje

ctiv

eObjective of the study:

To find out the 1-hour maximum rainfall depth for different return periods.

To find out rainfall intensity duration frequency relationship.

Apart from these, to design storm drain network for an illustrative region.

Scop

e of

Stu

dyTo carry out literature review for

analyzing rainfall intensity and frequency.To carry out data collection for compiling

rainfall intensity.To carry out analysis of collected data for

Silvassa and Surat city.To compute 1-hour maximum rainfall

Name Year Publication DescriptionElsebaie I H

“Developing rainfall intensity–duration–

frequencyrelationship for two

regions in Saudi Arabia”

2012 Elsevier

IDF relationship is a mathematical relationship

between the rainfall intensity i, the duration d, and the return period T (or, equivalently, the

annual frequency of exceedance ‘f ‘referred to as ‘frequency’).  

ARamchandra

Rao“Statistical Analysis

of IndianaRainfall Data”

2006

Purdue University

West Lafayette

Several aspects of short time interval rainfall data from

Indiana are investigated in this study. The variability in rainfall intensity estimates by different

procedures is quantified.

Dr. Lamia Abdul Jaleel

“Developing Rainfall Intensity-duration-freqency Relationship For

Basrah City”

2012

Kufa Journal of

Engineering (K.J.E)

 The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical formula to estimate design rainfall intensity

based on intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves for

Basrah City.Liter

atur

e Re

view

Name Year Publication Description

Agnihotri et al“Analysis of Rainfall Data and Design of

storm Water Drainage System in an Urban

Area”

2013

Global Journal for

research analysis

Rainfall data available from 1969 to 1983 are of duration 5,

10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 minute. Analysis of rainfall data is carried for year 1969 to 1983 and one year flood frequency is

calculated 

Harshil H Gajjar “Storm Water

Network Design of Jodhpur Tekra Area of City of Ahmedabad “

2014 

  International

Journal of Engineering

Development and Research

In this paper, past 20 years rainfall data is taken. The system has been designed

considering in total of 65% of the impervious area.

Rational method has been used for estimation of storm water

runoff. . 

S M Yadav “A Case Study on

Remodelling of Bambapada Khadi,

Silvassa “

2011  Present paper discusses the steps involved in the design of storm

water drains.  Liter

atur

e Re

view

Map of Surat City

Stud

y Ar

ea

Stud

y Ar

ea

Surat city is located on the western part of India in Gujarat. It is also called as city of flyovers.

The city is located at 306 km south of the state capital, Gandhinagar on the left bank of the Tapti River (Tapi).

Surat is Gujarat's second largest city with a population of 2.1 million at the 2001 census and 4.6 million at the 2011 census.

Surat city is divided into 7 zones by Surat Municipal Corporation namely:

North ZoneSouth ZoneEast ZoneWest ZoneSouth-West ZoneSouth-East ZoneCentral Zone

Stud

y Ar

ea

Surat is a port city situated on the banks of the Tapti River.  The city is located at 21°10′N 72°50′E.

The average annual rainfall of surat city is about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) (IMD).

The general slope is from north-east to south-west.

The city is 13m above mean sea level.The coastal line is along the villages of

Hazira, Mora, Limla, Dumas, Bhimpor, Abhava, Gavier, Sarsana and Vesu.St

udy

Area

Need

for S

tudy

In Surat, life and property are frequently under the threat of flooding due to heavy rainfall. The average annual rainfall of Surat is about 1200 millimetres.

Such heavy rainfall, sometimes coupled with high sea levels associated with storm surges during the passage of tropical cyclones, can cause flooding.

Apart from natural causes, sometimes human activities may also influence the prevalence of flooding.

Storm water drainage is an integral part of the essential infrastructure of a modern city. In Surat, separate systems are provided for the collection and disposal of storm water and sewage.

Need

for S

tudy

For study of rainfall intensity, yearly rainfall data and the 24-hour maximum rainfall data were collected from Central Water Commission (CWC) or Municipal corporation.

Rainfall intensity and duration is calculated by using India Meteorological Department (IMD) Method.

1-hour rainfall has been estimated by using 24-hours maximum rainfall, using IMD empirical reduction formula. 1-hour maximum rainfall is denoted by:Pt = P24 (t/24)1/3

where P24 = yearly 24-hour maximum rainfall

Rainfall Data of Silvassa for 29 years.

Rain

fall

Data

col

lect

ion

of S

ilvas

sa

By using Gumbel frequency distribution method, frequeny analysis of 1-hour maximum rainfall is carried out.

Graph is plotted between 1-hour maimum rainfall and Gumbel frequency factor(K).

1-hour maximum rainfall depth for different return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 year is calculated.Pt = Pm + K*s

where Pt = expected 1-hour T-year rainfall depth,

Pm = mean 1-hour maximum rainfall

s = standard deviation of 1-hour maximum rainfall

k = Gumbel frequency factor

Anal

ysis

of R

ainf

all D

ata

for

Silv

assa

1-hour maximum rainfall depth is used for finding the t-minute rainfall depth for different time period such as 5, 10, 15, 30 and 120 minute.

1 hour T-year rainfall depth is multiplied by factor (taken from Journal of Indian Water Works Association, Vol-Octo-Dec-2007 ) to obtain T minute Rainfall Depth.

Frequency Analysis Using Gumbel Distribution method

Anal

ysis

of R

ainf

all D

ata

for

Silv

assa

Rainfall data of different time period ranging from previous 50 year, 100 year and 120 year are obtained for Surat city.

Similar calculations is executed on these data and 1-hour maximum rainfall depth, maximum rainfall intensity and intensity duration curve is obtained.

Estimation of Rainfall Intensity of Surat for 30 years.

Estimation of Rainfall Intensity of Surat for 50 years.

Estimation of Rainfall Intensity of Surat for 100 years.

Estimation of Rainfall Intensity of Surat for 120 years.

Data

col

lect

ion

& An

alys

is fo

r Sur

at

Stor

m D

rain

Des

ign

for a

n Ill

ustra

tive

Regi

on

Design of Storm Water Drainage Network for a rectangular plot of area 180 X 250 square meter has been carried out.

Reduced levels of all the nodes for the illustrative region were available.

The main line passes through the centre of the catchment area.

The runoff from other part of the catchment area flows through the sub branches which are connected to the main line.

Desig

n of

Sto

rm D

rain

Ne

twor

k

The frequency of storm selected was once in 2 years.

Usually, the storm drains are not designed for peak discharges or extreme events from economical point of view.

The design of the drain should be economical and at the same time it should prevent frequent flooding and it should drain out quickly.

Desig

n of

Sto

rm D

rain

Ne

twor

k

For designing the storm water network for the given area the following data is required:1.Catchment area2. Rainfall intensity and duration3. Impervious factor4. Design of Drainage system

Rainfall Intensity and duration has been estimated using India Meteorological Department (IMD) method.

For the paved area, the impervious factor is taken as 0.7De

sign

of S

torm

Dra

in

Netw

ork

Storm water runoff has been calculated by using Rational Method suggested by CPHEEO.

The diameter of pipe is selected so as to maintain the minimum velocity of 0.6 m/s and to carry slightly more discharge compared to the theoretical discharge.

The diameter of the pipe was selected to maintain a self cleansing velocity.

Moreover, the velocity of flow should not exceed more than scouring velocity. 

Design of Storm drain network of an illustrative regionDesig

n of

Sto

rm D

rain

Ne

twor

k

Tech

nical

Visit

A site was visited at Godadara where drainage pipes were being laid for the removal of storm water.

The storm water has been transported to the pumping station, treated and than disposed of in to the Khadi.

Consultant : Mayur Shah, Assistant Engineer Surat Municipal Corporation.

Tech

nica

l Visi

t

The pipes which were being laid were spigot pipe of 500 mm diameter and the length of each pipe was 265 mm.

The pipes were being laid at the slope of 1:500. Generally the slope in the field is set by two methods: 1. Boning method 2.Spirit level

Tech

nica

l Visi

t

CONCLUSIO

N

Analysis of Rainfall Data of 29 years for Silvassa region has been carried out. Maximum hourly intensity with a recurrence interval of 2 year is estimated to be 78 mm/hr.

The same analysis of rainfall data was carried out for Surat region:

The present study helps in computing rainfall intensity which is used to estimate storm water runoff.

The storm water runoff thus computed is very important for the design of storm drain network.

Conc

lusio

n Years Intensity (mm/hr)30 Years 56.550 Years 56.309100 Years 52.87120 Years 51.54

Refe

renc

es a

nd

Bibl

iogr

aphy

https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/TheCity/weather_annual.html

Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Organization manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment(1993), Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi

Subramanya K (1994), Engineering Hydrology, Tata-McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi

Garg Santoshkumar (1993), Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Khanna Publications.

A Case Study on ' Remodelling of Bambapada Khadi, Silvassa '.

http://www.pressseal.com/Downloads/EvolutionOfWatertightStormDrainageSystemsFinal.pdf

Madhur K. Rathi and Patil Dhananjay Rajiv, " Study Of Problems and Corrective Actions of Urban Drainage Network“.

Dr. Lamia Abdul Jaleel and Maha Atta Farawn, " Developing Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationship For Basrah City "

Dr. P. G. Agnihotri, R. B. Khasiya, Priyanka D. Harpalani, “ Analysis of Rainfall Data and Design of storm Water Drainage System in an Urban Area.”

Ibrahim H. Elsebaie, “ Developing Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Realtionship For Two Regions In Saudi Arabia.”

John Argue, “ Storm Drainage Design In Small Urban Catchments: A Handbook For Australian People.”

City of Sheridan, Public Works Department, “Storm drainage Design Criteria; City of Sheridan, Wyoming”

Drainage Service Department, Government of Hong Kong, “Storm Water Drainage Manual; Planning, Design and Management.”Re

fere

nces

and

Bi

blio

grap

hy

William S. Springer, “ Storm Drain Design” Kwokwing Chau and C. S. Cheung, “ Knowledge

Representation on Design Of Storm Drainage system.” Minister of Urban Development, Government of India, “

Storm Water Drainage.“ Zameer Ahmed, D. Rammohan Rao, K. Ram Mohan Reddy,

Ellam Raj, “Rainfall intensity Variation For Observed Data And Derived Data – A Case Study of Imphal.”

“Application of Methods For Analysis of Rainfall Intensity in Areas of Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinia Interest.”

Rezual Kabir, P. Das, “Short Duration Rainfall Estimation of Sylhet, IMD and USWD Method(2007), Journal of Indian Water Works Association.”

Ram Babu, Tejwani, K. K. Agarwal, M. C. & Bhusan, L. S. (1979) “Rainfall Intensity Period Equation and Nomograph of India, CSWCRTI, ICAR, Dehradun India.”Re

fere

nces

and

Bi

blio

grap

hy

Thank You