INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

TITLE

SERIAL NUMBER

PERMANENT COMMITTEE

SUBMITTED BY

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE

SUMMARY

ITTO

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN TROPICAL FORESTS MANAGED PRIMARILY FOR TIMBER PRODUCTION, SURIGAO DEL SUR, PHILIPPINES

PD 35/96 Rev.2 (F)

REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

GOVERNI\1ENT OF THE Plill,IPPINES

ENGLISH

The aim of this project is to assess over a 5-year period in relation to the ITTO guidelines, the capability and effectiveness of a modified model medium-term sustainable forest management plan that integrates biodiversity conservation with timber production in natural tropical forests. This will demonstrate that through sustainable forest management practices advocated by ITTO, timber production can be consistent with the conservation and maintenance of biological diversity in tropical production forests. A long-term monitoring and appraisal system and supporting guidelines for sustainable forest management in production ecosystem units and for land-use allocations of tropical forests will be formulated.

EXECUTING AGENCY

COOPERATING AGENCIES

DURATION

APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE

SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (SUSTEC).

SURIGAO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (SUDECOR); PLANNING AND POLICY SERVICE OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR); AND UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF FORESTRY (UPCF).

60 MONTHS

AUGUST 1996

Source

ITTO SUDECOR/SUSTEC

TOTAL

Contribution in US$

1,481,011 410,132

1,891,143

TITLE: CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN TROPICAL FORESTS MANAGED PRIMARILY FOR TIMBER PRODUCTION, SURIGAO DEL SUR, PIllLIPPINES

PART I: CONTEXT

A. Relevance to ITTO

1. Compliance with ITTO Objectives

This project is in compliance with the following objective laid out in the International Tropical Timber Agreement of 1994:

"(1) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade;"

Presently, biodiversity conservation efforts in the Philippines are focused and concentrated on protected and non-production areas such as national parks and forest reservations. The project aims to demonstrate that biological diversity can be also be conserved and maintained at a reasonable level in tropical forests managed primarily for timber production, to provide the raw materials for local use and forther wood-processing geared towards the export market. This could be attained by ensuring that biodiversity losses are minimized through the proper application of natural forest management regimes (concepts) and integrating biodiversity conservation issues in the planning, formulation and implementation of forest management plans. Thus, the results of this project would encourage the formulation and strengthening of policies which focus on actively involving forest managers (timber licensees) and using the production forests they manage in the overall biodiversity conservation efforts of the country.

2. Compliance with ITTO Criteria

The project complies with the criteria set out in Article 25 of the ITTA of 1984, and Article 23.6 of the 1983 Agreement as follows:

a) The project is related to the production and use of industrial tropical timber;

The setting of the project is on the continued production and utilization of the logged-over dipterocarp forests, which is the major source of tropical timber from the Philippines.

b) It will yield benefits to the tropical timber economy as a whole and be relevant to both producing and consuming countries;

The long-term contribution of the Philippines to the tropical timber economy will be dependent in part to its ability to manage natural forests within the framework of biological sustainability. Lessons can be learned by producing countries on how to espouse timber production with biodiversity conservation and consuming countries can be assured of supply from sustainably managedforests.

c) It is related to maintaining and expanding trade in tropical timber;

Tropical timber produced from natural forests which are sustainably managed with due consideration to ecological balance and biological sustainability have the most potential of succeeding in maintaining and expanding tropical timber trade within a world increasingly becoming more conscious of the worth of environmental conservation.

d) It offers reasonable prospects for positive economic returns in relation to costs;

The sustainability of economic returns from tropical forest exploitation will significantly be decided by the ability of the resource to renew itself and maintain resiliency amidst disturbance. The costs of incorporating biodiversity conservation measures on forest management planning and activities could therefore offer positive economic returns in the long run.

e) It will make maximum use of existing research institutions and avoid duplication of effort to the maximum extent.

Biodiversity research is recently taking off in the Philippines and there is a very large gap in the subject area being proposed by the project. Research institutions that have already done significant researches on biodiversity will be actively involved on the research aspect of the project.

3. Relationship to ITTO Action Plans and Priorities

The project fully supports the priority objective of ITTO to "Arrest the decline and degradation of tropical forests and bringing all productive forest estates as soon as possible under sustainable management, so that, by the year 2000, the total exports of tropical timber products should come from sustainably managed resources." Furthermore, the project is expected to yield important knowledge on the aspect of sustainable utilization and management of tropical forests of the Philippines and their genetic resources while maintaining the ecological balance of the region concerned.

Under the Strategy Towards Sustainable Tropical Forest Management and Trade in Tropical Timber Products, the project is in line with the following operational area identified as needing national action: "Continued development of tropical forest practices and regulations for sustainable management of the tropical forests, taking into account the ITTO Guidelines, national and local conditions. "

This project shall take particular account of the ITTO Guidelines for the "Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests" and "Biodiversity Conservation in Forests Managedfor Timber Production. "

It is related to the following basic strategies outlined in the ITTO Action Plan under Reforestation and Forest Management:

Strategy j) - Assist in the formulation and publication of criteria, standards and guidelines for sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests;

Strategy k) - Facilitate the establishment of demonstration areas that reflect different models of management to enhance the transfer of technology and scientific knowledge.

2

B. Relevance to National Policies

1. Relationship to Sectoral Policies Affecting Tropical Timber

All public lands which include those forest areas covered by Timber License Agreements where commercial timber production activities are allowed, (and the protected areas such as National Parks, Wilderness Areas, Game Refuges & Bird Sanctuaries, Forest Reservations and Critical Watersheds where all forms of exploitation are prohibited and/or highly restricted) are under the jurisdiction, management and administrative control of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) , its 6 Staff Bureaus, and its 15 Regional Offices with their corresponding Provincial and Community ENR Offices.

The enactment into law (Republic Act 7586) in June 1992 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System under the control and administration of the DENR, ensured the reserve status of all virgin or old growth forests, mossy forests and the second growth forests with 50% or steeper slopes, including those found within Timber License Agreement areas, which until then was covered by mere Administrative Orders.

The Philippine Constitution of 1987 mandates as a State Policy, the protection and advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The Philippines, already adhering to the principles of sustainable development through the adoption of the 1989 Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development, actively participated in the UNCED Summit held in Rio de Jainero, and committed itself to the principles set forth in the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, and the Conventions on Climate Change and Biodiversity. To translate these commitments into more concrete actions to ensure that all sectors of Philippine Society are involved in making them operational, a Philippine Council for Sustainable Development was created in September 1992 by President Fidel V. Ramos through Executive Order No.15. The members consists of committed environmentalists from both the government and private sectors. A Revised Forestry Code is also being pushed for enactment into law, and among the Codes salient features are provisions for the conservation, use and enjoyment of protected areas consistent with the principles of biological diversity and sustainable development.

It is to be noted that existing Forestry Sector Policies in the Philippines and the proposed Revised Forestry Code, incorporate most of the ITTO Guidelines on sustainable forest management and the conservation of biological diversity in tropical production forests. Thus the immediate need to demonstrate and document that implementation of these guidelines would be of utmost benefit to all concerned.

The project will also provide justification and solid basis for the controversial May 1991 national administrative policy issued in accordance with the 1990 Philippine Forestry Master Plan and the Natural Resources Management Program recommendations, that prohibits logging in the old growth (virgin) forests which now form part of the permanent national forest estate under the Integrated Protected Areas System. This policy provides that all logging operations shall beginning January 1992, shift to the 25-years and older second growth (residual) forests with appropriate area and volume controls, except on the following where logging shall also be prohibited: areas with slopes 50 % and greater, areas above 1,000 meters in elevation, within 20 meters of either side of stream banks, wilderness areas, proclaimed watershed reservations, in areas identified with historical value and in other areas proclaimed for ecological and environmental protection. The non-availability of 25-year old adequately stocked residual forests as determined by the required 10 % timber inventory, will result in the cancellation of the authority to conduct logging operations under a Timber License Agreement (TLA) until such time that the residual

3

forests have sufficiently recovered to warrant a second cutting cycle. This administrative policy effectively reduced the nmnber of operating TLAs from 68 to 36 in a single year which however resulted in a substantial reduction in available timber supply for the medimn term.

The project will also strengthen national polices issued in line with the shift in logging from the old growth to the residual forests with respect to the Selective Logging System and reforestation requirements for TLA holders. It will also help provide docmnentary evidence that should convince those cause oriented groups and NGOs including some vocal members of the Philippine Senate and Congress who are advocating a total logging ban policy in the country's natural forests, that timber production through sustainable forest management practices is compatible with the maintenance and conservation of biological diversity in tropicalforests.

2. Relationship to Sub-sectoral Aims and Programs

The project is consistent with the Philippine Master Plan for Forestry Development of 1990. In particular it is in line with the goal of "Scientific management, conservation, and utilization of the forest resources by a mix of managers from the private sector and the local communities in partnership with the govermnent."

It shall also be supportive of the primary development programs of the Master Plan on man and the environment and forest management & product development, particularly in the following components:

a. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management

-Watershed Management Projects -Assisted Natural Regeneration -Soil Conservation in Forestry Operations

b. Integrated Protected Area System and Biodiversity Conservation

-Biodiversity Conservation in Forestry Operations

c. Forest Protection

-Integration of Forest Protection in Forest Management.

d. Enhancing Productivity of Dipterocarp Forests.

e. Practice of Sustainable Forest Management Systems.

Moreover, the project will also complement the work of the Task Force created by the President last October 1993 to draft the "Philippine Program on Biodiversity Management" which at this point, is focused mainly on food and agricultural concerns.

3. Institutional and Legal Framework

The present production forest management activIties within the production forests of the Philippines are governed by a Timber License Agreement (TLA) entered into by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and private companies. The agreement is valid for a

4

period of 25 years. Under this agreement, the Licensee is to have exclusive possession of the forest area with due respect to private rights accrued to other persons prior to the agreement. The area is therefore directly under the management of the licensee. Activities in the area are governed by plans (usually 5-year plans) prepared by the company in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement as well as governing policies and guidelines issued by DENR. These plans are reviewed and approved by DENR prior to implementation by the company. Subsequent monitoring is done by DENR.

The project will be implemented under this framework. The institutions that will primarily be responsible for project implementation would be Surigao Development Corporation (SUDECOR) and Sustainable Ecosystems International, Inc. (SUSTEC), and the Policy and Planning Service Office ofDENR.

SUDECOR was established on June 23, 1958. The company has been granted the privilege to possess and occupy a specific portion of public forest land and has been given the exclusive right to cut, remove, and utilize timber within the same area under TLA No. 56-1 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources, now Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), on January 17, 1986. This agreement is valid for 25 years and is to expire on June 30, 2011.

SUDECOR was first granted a concession on February 16, 1959. Through the years, it has effectively managed its concession area and the areas added to it through the consolidation of other concessions. SUDECOR is one of the very few logging companies that has remained in good standing while other TLAs were being canceled. This is primarily due to their adherence to government policies, rules and regulations, and their adoption of sustainable forest management strategies that has enabled them to protect the virgin forest areas within their concession, and maintain adequately stocked secondary forests for further timber production.

SUSTEC was established on July 1, 1995 with the primary purpose of "Providing local and international environment and natural resources investment and management consultancy services including the operational management and implementation of environment and natural resources developmental projects, plans and programs." Although recently organized, its pool of experienced forestry consultants and technical personnel have been working together for more than 10 years as associates, in providing both local and international consultancy and technical services in the field of environment and natural resources. Among others, SUSTEC's expertise covers the following areas: Master Planning (forestry and lands); Natural Resources Accounting; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Forest Development and Management; Land-use and Land Resource Planning and Management; Remote Sensing; Multi-level Resource Assessment and Inventory; Survey, Mapping and Planning; etc. One of SUSTEC's primary concerns, is in contributing to the overall biodiversity conservation program of the government by using its technical and managerial expertise in exploring and documenting the positive role of tropical production forests sustainably managed for timber production, in the maintenance and conservation of biological diversity.

5

PART II: THE PROJECT

1. ORIGIN

This project stems from the recognition of the pressing need to conserve biodiversity in the Philippines, and the limitations of expanding protected-areas network to include the bulk of the remaining natural forests of the country. This project also has its roots in the issue that timber production will remain a dominant use. Thus it is important to harness the production forests' capacity to contribute to the overall effort of conserving biodiversity in the country, without impairing their capacity to yield tropical timber.

This project focuses primarily on the apparent absence of models that showcase the capability of properly applied forest management regimes in maintaining, conserving and minimizing the loss of biodiversity, while using the resource for the production of timber and other forest products at the local and national level. To date, there is no project in the Philippines that simultaneously focuses on the sustainable management of production forests and the conservation of its biological diversity. Thus, this project can be considered as a pioneer attempt to explore and demonstrate the possibilities of integrating biodiversity conservation in natural forests managed primarily for timber production in the Philippines.

With the absence of local work on the subject area, the project strategy draws heavily on, and incorporate the "lTTO Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests" and the "lTTO Guidelines on the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Tropical Production Forests."

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

2.1 Development Objective

To manage and use the natural tropical forests of the Philippines for the sustainable production of timber while maintaining and conserving biological diversity.

2.2 Specific Objectives

a) To assess capability and effectiveness of a modified model medium-term sustainable forest management plan and guidelines that integrate biodiversity conservation with timber production in natural tropical forests by the year 2000;

b) Formulate long-term monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines for sustainable forest management in production ecosystem units and for land-use allocations of tropical forests.

3. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

3.1 Problem to be Addressed

"The greatest degree of biological diversity is found in habitats. In the Philippines, the major habitat types which house the greatest biological diversity are the old growth dipterocarp forests, the residual dipterocarp forests, mossy forests and marine habitats.

6

"The causes of the loss of terrestrial biological diversity are directly related to the loss of tropical forests .... During the past 75 years it appears that at least 30-40 percent and maybe over 50 percent of the endemic forest flora has already become extinct. Since the bulk of biological diversity in the Philippines occurs in the dipterocarp and mossy forests, their conversion threatens the massive extinction of over 50 percent of the remaining endemic species of the Philippines. This loss may be the single worst ecological disaster in tropical southeast Asia." (Greenberg, Ronald J., 1989. Sustainable Natural Resources Assessment - Philippines)

The rapid degradation and depletion of the forest resources of the Philippines resulting in the loss of biological diversity has become a national priority concern. With the resultant destruction of the biological capital, the sustainability of the material and economic benefits from forests, particularly that of timber products, will ultimately be jeopardized.

A most recent national approach in the conservation ofbiodiversity is the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIP AS). However, this approach would have to be complemented by other approaches which should be supported within the next several years. With less than 5 % of the country's total land area under the protected area system and with the slim chances of significantly increasing this area within the short and medium term, it is apparent that overall biodiversity conservation efforts must extend beyond these protected areas.

This project shall focus on another priority area of promoting biodiversity conservation in production forests of the country. In these areas, the conservation of biodiversity has to be promoted within the framework of sustainable timber utilization. This area has yet to be explored in the Philippines, particularly in areas which are currently being managed primarily for timber production. There is a lack of knowledge and available working models, on the capability of various timber harvesting systems being promoted in the country to minimize biodiversity loss and contribute to its maintenance in the long fUll. Moreover, the effects of various natural forest management regimes including utilization and development practices, both past and present, to the biodiversity of the areas managed through time are yet to be established in the country.

To date, ITTO has prepared two separate guidelines for natural tropical forests (i.e., Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests and Conservation of Biological Diversity in Tropical Production Forests). These are very much interrelated, and the project hopes to contribute towards demonstrating and integrating these guidelines. It hopes to address the need for a tangible and classic example of sustainable forest management, where development geared towards timber production can co-exist with environmental and biodiversity conservation. For example, by showing that silvicultural practices such as limiting timber extraction through area and volume controls, low impact harvesting, Timber Stand Improvement (TSI)and Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) , among others, can indeed enhance biodiversity.

3.2 Characteristics of the Project Area

3.2.1 Choice of the Project Area

As shown in the attached sketch-map, the project will be located in Surigao del Sur Province, Northeastern Mindanao, Republic of the Philippines. It will be implemented within forest land covered by the Timber License Agreement (TLA) granted to Surigao Development Corporation (SUDECOR). The concession area encompasses two separate parcels with an aggregate area of 75,745 hectares, excluding certified alienable and disposable (A&D) lands within the concession boundaries. The area has primarily been used for timber production since 1959, and is still being managed at present for this purpose. Relative to the primary objectives of this project, the project area, described in more detail below, provides the best setting for the project because of the following features:

7

a) It is located on the main island of Mindanao where Dipterocarp forests once covered extensive areas, and where primary timber industries thrived within the last three decades. Much of the remaining dipterocarp forests are in this area and it produces the bulk of the country's timber production. Region 11 where Surigao del Sur Province is situated, covers only 10 % of the total land area of the Philippines, but accounted for 49 % of the total log production of the country in 1993. 74 % percent of this regional production was harvested in the production forests of Surigao del Sur Province.

b) The project area is under a Timber License Agreement (TLA) and the focus of management is on timber production. It has old-growth dipterocarp forests, mossy forests and residual forests that have been subjected to timber utilization within the past 35 years, and residual dipterocarp forests that are now being re-logged under a model Medium-term Forest Management Plan that was prepared jointly by SUDECOR and the consultants of the completed RP-German (GTZ) Dipterocarp Forest Management Project.

c) The model medium-term forest management plan that is being implemented in the project site incorporates environmental considerations in adopting the appropriate timber harvesting systems, regulating yield through both area and volume controls, adoption of a 35-year cutting cycle and prescribing appropriate specific silvicultural treatments. However, the plan was developed with the primary focus on forest management for timber production, and considerations for biodiversity conservation and maintenance in production units were apparently not consciously incorporated in the resource inventories/surveys as well as in the forest management prescriptions.

3.2.2 Biophysical Environment

The area falls under the Philippine Climatic Type 2, which has no dry season but with very pronounced rainfall from November to January. The mean annual rainfall on the coastal area (outside the project site) from 1951-1993 amounts to 3,814 mm. Heavy rainfall is observed from November till February with peaks of about 600 mm both in December and January, when the northeast monsoon prevails. The yearly variation of the mean annual rainfall, particularly those exceeding the average and coinciding with years of high typhoon activity can reach up to 100 %. Precipitation within the area are higher since the frequency, duration and intensity of rainfall is enhanced with increasing elevation above sea level. Average sea level temperature ranges from 25.6° C in January- February to 27.9° C in August- September.

Apart from a series of creeks that are tributaries to the Carac-an and Ipil rivers, the area is mainly drained, according to their respective importance, by the Tago, Tandag, Buyaan and Daniog rivers, which, except for the Buyaan river which is tributary to the Carac-an river, all empty directly into the Pacific Ocean. The Tago river basin is the most extensive, covering about two thirds of the area. Upon reaching the flood plains of the Municipality of San Miguel, it is tapped by a National Irrigation Administration (NIA) dam designed for irrigating of some 14,000 hectares of agricultural fields.

Most rivers and creeks are deeply cut into the bedrock, sometimes forming canyons. They belong to the torrential type and rapidly swell to many times their normal size after heavy rains. This makes bridge construction difficult and costly. With only a portion of Tago river navigable by vessels up to the size of barges from the sea, the possibilities of rafting and/or barging logs are limited.

Elevations range from 10 to 1,229 meters above sea level. The terrain rises steeply from the coastal plain in the North, to a water divide at more than 600 meters. From there, the terrain progressively slopes down towards the Tago river in the South. Almost two-thirds of the concession area are below 400 m. Another one-fourth are at elevations between 400 and 600

8

meters, while the remaining area covering some 10% of the concession, are above 600 meters. Terrain ranges from flat and lUldulating to mOlUltainous with some slopes exceeding 70%, and sometimes heavily dissected.

Depending on the parent material, the exposure and degree of weathering, and the location with respect to the topography, a variety of soil types have developed.

On limestone, moderately deep to occasionally shallow (lithic), partly silty clay loam soils with high shrinking and swelling properties (vertic), lUlderlain by variously weathered limestone rock, dominate. Infiltration and permeability are moderate to rapid, drainage is good. The reaction is slightly to moderately acidic, but the base saturation generally remains high (eutic). The fertility is moderate to medium. According to the USDA taxonomy, these soils belong to the order of the inceptisols, and are referred to as fme clayey isohyperthermic typic eutropepts.

On shale and sandstone, moderately deep to deep, occasionally moderately shallow to shallow clay loam soils with few rock outcrops have evolved. Infiltration and permeability are slow, drainage is moderate. The reaction is slightly to moderately acidic. The fertility is medium to low. The USDA taxonomy also refers to these soils as fme clayey isohyperthermic eutropepts.

On metamorphic rocks, moderately shallow to moderately deep clay loam soils with more or less matured profiles have developed. Infiltration and permeability are moderate, drainage is good to moderate. The reaction is slightly to moderately acidic. The fertility is low to medium. According to the USDA classification, these soils belong to the eutropepts-troporthents association.

Broad alluvial plains feature considerably deep to occasionally moderately shallow coarse loamy soils. Infiltration and permeability are good, drainage is moderately good. The reaction is slightly to moderately acidic. The fertility is low to medium. The USDA taxonomy refers to these soils as coarse loamy isohyperthermic fluventic eutropepts.

On ultrabasic rocks, moderately shallow, prominently red colored (rhodic) clay soils, lUlderlain by big boulders of ultrabasic rock, have developed. The reaction is acidic. The fertility is low. Main characteristic is the high content of free aluminum and iron that is responsible for the stllllted growth of the vegetation. According to the USDA classification, these soils belong to the fine clayey isohyperthermic rhodic kandludox-dystropepts association,

The natural vegetative cover of the area consists mainly of dipterocarp forests.

From sea level to 400 meters elevation, the climax are predominantly lowland and lower hill dipterocarp forests of the mixed lauan type. Dominant species are mayapis (Shorea squamata [Turcz.] Dyer), red lauan (S negrosensis Foxw.), tanguile (S polysperma [Blanco] Merr.), almon (S almon Foxw.), white lauan (Pentacme contorta [Vid.] Merr. & Rolfe), and bagtikan (Parashorea plicata Brandis), all dipterocarps. The most prominent non-dipterocarp species is toog (Combretodendron quadrialatum [Merr.] Merr.).

From 400 m to approximately 800 m, the climax are upper hill dipterocarp forests. Although the dominant dipterocarps are the same as those observed at lower elevations, there usually is an increase of tanguile and almon, and a slight decrease of white lauan. The non-dipterocarps show increasingly more Fagaceae (Lithocarpus spp.), Lauraceae (Litsea spp.), Elaeocarpaceae (Elaeocarpus spp.), and Myrtaceae (Syzyqium spp.).

From 800 meters (sometimes 700 meters) to approximately 1,000 meters, the climax are montane dipterocarp forests, where tanguile tends to be the dominant dipterocarp, and where most trees are rather short-boled and poorly shaped.

9

Above 1,000 meters, the climax are mossy forests. These are dominated by short to medium height Podocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae. Typical is the abundance of epiphytes which cover trunks and branches of most trees.

An edaphic climax has evolved in the headwater area of Buyaan river, where prominently red­colored soils have developed on ultrabasic rocks. The short, even-canopy vegetation is dominated by heavy hardwood species belonging to the families Myrtaceae (Syzyqium spp.), Guttiferae (Callophyllum spp.), Ebenaceae (Diospyrus spp.) and Fagaceae (Lithocarpus spp.).

3.2.3 Socio-Economic Environment

In 1990, the province ofSurigao del Sur was estimated to have 475,000 inhabitants, corresponding to a density of 104 capita/sq.km. The annual growth rate is estimated at 4.3 % including a net immigration rate of 1.8 %. Most of the people live in the fertile and intensively cultivated coastal and wider flood plains. An inventory of forest occupants conducted in 1989 by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) revealed that some 75,700 people live within the public forest lands of the province. Many of the upland dwellers, specially those living in small settlements, belong to the ethnic groups of the Manobos and the Mamanwas.

Within the proposed project area, there were 699 families, with a total of3,495 members, reported in 1985, with the settlements coinciding with Alienable & Disposable enclaves.

The province of Surigao del Sur primarily depends on the agriculture. About 49 % of the working population is directly engaged in agriculture. Rice, coconut (copra), corn, and abaca (Manila hemp) are the major crops, grown on some 89,000 hectares of which about 12 % are irrigated.

Forestry and wood processing are the second most important means of livelihood of the province, and the number one foreign exchange earner. The project area is one of six concessions that have been granted a total collective area of 380,000 hectares with an aggregate annual allowable cut of almost 720,000 cubic meters and employ a permanent work force of about 10,800 people.

Other economic activities are near-shore fisheries, trade, small scale and cottage industries, as well as services, particularly education. Although the province is mineral laden (coal, clay, copper, iron, limestone, nickel, pyrite and gold), a major mining industry has yet to be developed in the province.

3.3 Other Relevant Aspects of "Pre-Project" Situation

While long term plans have been prepared for the conservation and development of the country's remaining natural forest resources, specific short and medium-term actions have to be taken. In spite of the long-term vision of biodiversity conservation through the Integrated Protected Area System, the aggregate contribution of minimizing biodiversity losses in production forests should be significant in the short and long-term. The planned and on-going activities of existing Timber License Agreement holders of the country will determine the future sustainability of the forest areas they presently manage. Integrating important sustainability indicators such as biodiversity is therefore a must.

The medium-term forest management plan that is being implemented in the project area is in effect, a much improved model forest management plan. It was generated through the RP-German (GTZ) Dipterocarp Forest Management Project and its successor, the RP-German Integrated Rainforest Management Project. Thus, sustainable forest management principles have been duly considered in the preparation of the plan, and an evaluation of its effectiveness in biodiversity conservation would be a very important undertaking for its future expansion.

10

3.4 Intended Situation after Project Completion

After project completion, the effectiveness of past and present forest management regimes (AAC, harvesting technology, etc.) on minimizing biodiversity losses and conserving biodiversity, would have been assessed and verified. Furthermore, information on the positive and negative factors relative to their effectiveness would be available. Elements for a possible set of supporting guidelines on biodiversity conservation in sustainably managed production forests in the Philippines, which will complement the ITTO guidelines, will be identified and proposed for replication in other production forest areas ofthe country.

Validated and new information on the local biodiversity conditions will be available. Knowledge on floral and faunal behavioral responses to forest utilization disturbance within a spacio-temporal continuum will also be available. New areas for further research and development would have also been opened-Up.

SUDECOR, as the forest manager, will be more capable and effective in monitoring and appraising biodiversity and incorporating biodiversity conservation in its sustainable forest management planning and implementation activities. Thus, further ensuring SUDECOR's status as the model for the rest of the country's timber concession, worthy of full government support for all its plans and programs up to the year 2011 and beyond.

3.5 Target Beneficiaries

The knowledge and experience generated through the project will be useful for policy-makers, forest managers, research and development institutions involved in biodiversity conservation and natural forest management in the Philippines, as well as in the Asia-Pacific region among other countries.

The project results will be of particular importance to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the preparation of policies and guidelines on integrating biodiversity conservation and natural forest management/timber production. This will strengthen the Integrated Protected Areas System (IP AS) approach to sustainable forest management, and provide policy framework to future laws and regulations on full biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of government forest lands. Aside from working models, this will provide methodology approaches to biodiversity survey data management and appraisal.

In addition to ITTO member countries, local and international institutions involved in biodiversity conservation in tropical forests managed for timber production may be interested in the results. With the recent focus on the subject area by scientific and academic institutions, the knowledge and identified information gaps generated through the project could be used as a springboard for further actions, study and research.

3.6 Project Strategy

3.6.1 Reasons for Selection

The project is designed to focus on the past and present implementation of forest management regimes geared toward the production of timber and their attendant effects on changes in, loss, maintenance and conservation ofbiodiversity.

11

It shall be done within a spacio-temporal analytical framework where biodiversity (species diversity of flora and fauna) will be assessed in various areas ranging from virgin forests to residual forests with different years elapsed after logging. Time series data will be generated using an aggregate forest area which is a mosaic of old-growth and logged-over areas of varying ages. The assessment will theoretically yield data covering a total time lapse of 25-35 years. It is also designed for integration into already planned forest management regimes and activities on actively managed areas.

Important elements required for the project are: (a) virgin forest areas, which shall be used to generate data on biodiversity in undisturbed areas; (b) residual/logged-over forests of different ages, which shall be used to yield data on biodiversity changes in logged-over areas through time under previous harvesting and management regimes; and, (c) residual forest areas scheduled for re­logging, which shall be used for micro-level analysis of the effects to biodiversity of yield regulation, improved timber harvesting technologies, post-harvesting silvicultural practices and other natural forest management regimes.

This strategy was selected because it has the greatest potential of yielding a well integrated database as basis for assessments, analysis, and recommendations. Furthermore, as an integral part of on-going forest management activities, it can yield realistic results that would be more relevant to the "real world."

3.6.2 Lessons Learned from Past Evaluation

The primary evaluation materials used in designing this project are: a) The results of a workshop held at the IUCN General Assemble in Perth Australia in 1990 on the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Managed Tropical Forests (IUCN, 1992); and, b) The "ITTO Guidelines on the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Tropical Production Forests", a major output of the study which was adopted by ITTO in 1993 (ITTO,1993).

Based on the results of the country studies, the inadequacy of protected areas to ensure the maintenance of all biological diversity was established. There was a general consensus that retaining significant areas of natural forests under environmentally friendly systems of productive management is the option of meeting the objectives of biological conservation. However, forest management regimes presently being adopted by tropical countries are still unsatisfactory in meeting the objective of biodiversity conservation. It showed that few countries, if any, have specific measures in their forestry regulations to address the need to conserve the broad range of biological diversity in production forests. The management prescriptions adopted are, in general, geared towards maintaining timber yields, preventing soil erosion and protecting hydrological functions. There is also the lack of implementation of management prescriptions to ensure sustainability and integrity of the permanent forest estates.

In the Philippines, government, through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), have established priorities for action to continue its program on the conservation of the country's remaining biodiversity. These include research and documentation on the traditional practices of indigenous people and women in biodiversity conservation; economic valuation studies ofbiodiversity conservation, and the sustainable use of biological resources (Umali, 1992 in Uriarte, 1994).

To date, however, focus has basically been on the biodiversity conservation in protected areas of the country (Uriarte, 1994) as well as biodiversity studies in other protection forests such as high elevation forests (Manila, 1993). As summarized by Tandug and Sy (1992), biodiversity research and development in the Philippines range from the genetic level such as conservation and propagation of endangered species and establishment of gene banks; the species level which include the establishment of seed production areas (SPA's) of various genetically improved forest tree species, and establishment of wildlife breeding centers to provide safe and suitable places for

12

breeding endangered, threatened or rare wildlife species in captivity; and in the ecosystem level, the adoption of silvicultural systems (e.g. selective logging) which have yet to be thoroughly studied to determine their technical and economic viability.

Work on biodiversity conservation in forests managed for timber production in the Philippines, is however, lacking and need to be advanced, hence this project could yield very important results that would contribute to this area of concern.

3.6.3 Technical and Scientific Aspects

3.6.3.1 Forest Management Aspects

Several important considerations for sustainable management of tropical forests have been identified by, and promoted in the "ITTO Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests". These guidelines cover the following aspects of forest management: a) Planning, b) Harvesting, c) Protection, d) Legal Management, and (e) Monitoring & Research. It also covers other aspects such as Policy and Legislation, Socio­economics and Finance.

For the project area, a model medium-term forest management plan has been drawn up through the joint cooperation of the TLA holder/forest manager (SUDECOR), and the RP­German Dipterocarp Forest Management Project and is now being implemented (SUDECOR Medium-term Forest Management Plan, 1993). Basically, the plan has taken into account important principles of sustainable forest management. These include, among others, the following: well defmed and focused management objectives; choice of the most appropriate silvicultural concept for the area; yield regulation (Annual Allowable Cut) through area and volume control methods; management inventories and mapping have been carried out; indicative working plans have been formulated with due environmental considerations; selection of appropriate harvesting systems based on the bio-physical and environmental conditions prevailing in the area; and, post-harvest silvicultural treatments such as Timber Stand Improvement, regeneration and replanting have been prescribed. A brief description of the management plan is presented hereafter.

The objective of SUDECOR is to sustainably manage the natural forests within the concession area for the production of high quality dipterocarp timber to supply the raw material requirements of the company's integrated wood processing facilities. The activities shall neither neglect the rights of the local cultural minorities, nor impair the non-timber benefits that can be obtained from the forest. The company's ventures are to contribute to the socio­economic development on the provincial and national level.

Land-use planning has been done with due consideration to bio-physical and other factors which include, among others, elevation, slope, topography, vegetation/forest cover, and criticalness. The land-uses have been classified into: 1) protection forests; 2) production forests which are further classified into (a) limited production forests, (b) production forests with difficult terrain conditions and (c) production forests with easy terrain conditions; and, 3) agro-forestry areas. General management prescriptions were given for these areas.

For administrative and organizational purposes, the whole TLA area has been divided into a series of permanent management units in hierarchical order (i.e. blocks, compartments and sub-compartments). These blocks coincide more or less with the main drainage areas and minor watersheds. The subdivision, therefore, takes into consideration the importance of planning on a watershed or hydrological area basis.

13

The growing stocks of timber and rattan within the commercial forest stands have been inventoried using a systematically distributed field sampling unit which consisted of a peculiar arrangement of sample plots of different sizes according to the diameter of the trees and the rattan canes to be sampled. Alongside with this, the current annual volume increment of the dipterocarp forest stocking were also determined using a diameter class model in the form of a stand table projection.

The general objective is the sustainable production of saw timber with a high proportion of veneer logs, mainly from common hardwoods. This is to be achieved through the increase of the economic performance of the natural dipterocarp forests and through the conservation of the major characteristics of this ecosystem.

The yield shall be regulated through both area and volume controls. Within the annual cutting area, timber harvesting shall be within the amount of the annual allowable cut. A guide for yield prescription was arrived at by computing the annual allowable cut using the Gehrhardt formula, and the check estimation of the short-term average yield and the long-term average yield.

Economic performance shall be increased by raising the proportion of commercial species, i.e., predominantly hardwoods. Inadequately stocked areas shall be rehabilitated through the planting of dipterocarps and wherever suitable, through the introduction of other endemic or high-value species with similar silvicultural characteristics, such as mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). On degraded areas, it will be necessary to plant fast-growing species as nurse trees with the ultimate goal, however, of re-establishing a natural forest rich in commercial species.

Under a selection system of forest management, the long-term goal is to obtain a basal area of the common hardwoods of approximately 20 m2/hectare at the end of the cutting cycle. Based on diameter increment function and the height curve for dipterocarps, the annual volume increment peaks for trees of the 60-centimeter diameter class. Therefore, the diameter limit of the trees to be cut is fixed at 60 centimeters.. The cutting cycle (35 years) is tuned to the volume increment so that a single timber harvest does not exceed 80 m3/hectare. With proper adjustment throughout the period towards a near regular forest, the cut will ultimately concentrate on trees of the diameter classes higher than 60 centimeters. Net growth will be promoted through the early liberation of potential crop trees.

It is presumed that the increase in economic performance will not impair the ecological stability of the managed forest. Indeed, the selection system aims to maintain an uneven-aged, multi-storied stand structure. Likewise, floristic diversity would not be seriously affected, since the silvicultural treatments do not systematically eliminate certain species and species groups, but are limited to the removal of the immediate competitors of pre-selected crop trees. Under these conditions, a diverse wildlife shall fmd sufficient suitable habitats to sustain adequate populations. However, these will have to be further evaluated and validated in the field.

Appropriate logging systems are to be employed based on the production forest classification (i.e. production forests with difficult and easy terrain conditions) of the areas to be harvested and the need to plan and carry-out logging operations with utmost care to minimize damage to the remaining stand and the soil. For example, for areas with difficult terrain, cable crane yarding system or skyline logging system may be adopted, and for areas with easy terrain, ground skidding may be employed. Based on the 60-centimeter diameter limit for trees to be cut with a 35-year cutting cycle, and an extraction volume of no more than 80 m3/ha, it is presumed that logging damage can be limited to 20%.

14

Taking advantage of the fact that young dipterocarp trees respond vigorously in terms of growth if freed from competition and given the chance to develop their crowns even after spending several years in a suppressed position, Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) aims at concentrating a maximum amount of timber increment on earlier identified and subsequently tended Potential Crop Trees (PCTs), in order to increase the economic performance of the logged-over dipterocarp forests. TSI shall be implemented as a post-harvest silvicultural treatment on newly logged-over areas, and as regular TSI on older residual stands.

Tracts of land, such as brush and open or cultivated lands within the TLA area are scheduled for rehabilitation through the implementation of appropriate silvicultural treatments.

Adequate forest protection programs and strategies shall continue to be implemented in order to prevent any form of forest offense that would lead to the wanton destruction of the area's forest resources. Biotic pests and diseases normally do not affect natural forests significantly.

3.6.3.2 Biodiversity Conservation Aspects

As earlier pointed out, there is a general agreement that sustainable forest management could have an important role to play in the conservation of biological diversity (IUCN, 1992).

Important considerations to make for production forests to contribute to biodiversity conservation of tropical forests have been identified and promoted in the ITTO Guidelines on the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Tropical Production Forests (ITTO, 1993).

The functional role of biodiversity in production forests have been expressed in the ITTO guidelines as follows:

"One of the major values of retaining biodiversity is to maintain important ecosystem functions such as mineral cycling, pollination and maintaining a balance of organisms such that the likelihood of major outbreaks of pest species is reduced. Even small, apparently insignificant organisms can play a major role, and conservation of high overall levels of diversity is a prudent for achieVing sustainable forest production with low levels of risk. "

The role of sustainably managed production forests in conserving biodiversity could be promoted at the landscape and the management unit level of production forests. The principles espoused in the guidelines have in some ways been taken into consideration in the plans already formulated.

For example, at the landscape level, the land-use classification that will be used for the area will include protection forests, production forests and agro-forestry areas. The classifications were made with due consideration to bio-physical characteristics such as terrain, elevation, and vegetation/forest cover type. Within the landscape level, therefore, are areas of varying levels of disturbance and conservation/protection.

In spite of its environmental and other considerations, however, the model plan evidently lacks focus on biodiversity conservation. There is an apparent need to further evaluate the plan with emphasis on biodiversity conservation, and to make the necessary revisions and improvement. The model plan shall therefore be modified with due consideration to results of biodiversity impact assessments. At the management unit level, the following shall be promoted to complement those activities already incorporated in the management plan:

15

a) Particular care shall be taken in applying silvicultural treatments to ensure that adequate population of species which are important in food chains or in providing ecological functions (keystone species) are retained. With the existing knowledge on keystone species, measures may have to be adopted to identify them in the different management units of the project area;

b) In addition to indigenous fruit-bearing trees and over-mature trees that will be retained in the area as planned, other trees with hollows, standing dead trees (snags) and decomposing fallen trees shall also be retained in the forest in any silvicultural treatment to improve timber yields;

c) As planned, the use of pesticides or other chemicals in any silvicultural treatment shall be minimized by using girdling as much as possible and for poisoning, water soluble arboricides with short relative persistence shall be preferred;

d) The boundaries of protection forests which have been designated on the management plan and maps shall be marked in the field where feasible;

e) Biodiversity inventories shall be incorporated into existing management inventories and key areas within the project with higher biodiversity values shall be identified and the appropriate management measures shall be prescribed in accordance with the specific biodiversity value of these key areas.

f) As much as feasible, buffer strips of no intervention will be established along streams and rivers in the areas to be disturbed.

g) With the adoption of suitable harvesting operations such as cable crane yarding systems and ground skidding in response to the actual field conditions, damage to the remaining stand and the soil, as well as openings, should be minimized.

3.6.3.3 Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Aspects

As expressed in the ITTO biodiversity guidelines (ITTO, 1993), "inventories need to be undertaken to describe, quantifY and monitor biodiversity in all production forests... Where possible and feasible, these inventories should be incorporated within existing timber management inventories. "

The approach that will be developed and promoted in this project is that of undertaking biodiversity assessment and monitoring through time at the macro and micro-level. Design for field biodiversity survey consistent with internationally accepted methodology on gradient transects will be formulated consistent with multi-level inventory approaches. Further, biodiversity database complementary to sustainable forest management database will be developed, and appropriate management regimes for data/information will be done.

Remote sensing technology adapted to the requirements of assessment and monitoring, as well as local conditions (e.g. weather) and on-ground baseline surveys will be utilized. The baseline survey and assessment shall be conducted through the application of a Multi-level Rapid Forest Resource Assessment methodology developed by SUSTEC, that is based on modifications of the RP-German Remote Sensing System which combines available satellite imagery and vertical aerial-videography taken through precision flying, followed by ground validation.

16

This methodology was developed primarily to provide the quickest and most cost-effective means of (a) providing first-hand real time information on the condition of the remaining forest areas and existing land-uses in a logging concession, (b) estimate available standing and harvestable volumes to determine the potential of the concession to sustain a given level of commercial timber production, (c) observe environmental impacts of past and current land-use activities, and (c) verify whether or not logging, management and development plans have been complied with, and past/current activities are reflected in submitted reports.

This Remote-Sensing Based multi-level rapid forest resource assessment would entail the procurement and interpretation of available satellite images of the study area (LandSat TM or SPOT) at a scale of 1:50,000 or larger to be used as baseline for the preparation of preliminary vegetative cover/land use maps which will be geo-referenced and overlaid on a topographic map of the same scale using UTM projection. These initial results will be updated, validated, and refined through actual aerial reconnaissance survey and videography using 3 GPS receivers and a video camera which is normally preceded by intensive pre-flight briefings and planning to ensure full coverage of the target area at minimum flying hours and costs. Optional choices can be made on vertical or oblique videography with appropriate platforms of either fixed-wing or helicopter planes. The outline of procedure/methodology and flow diagram of activities are shown in the following pages.

The results of these multi-level, cost-effective remote sensing approach shall be used for the identification and lay-out of gradient transects for biodiversity assessment. The data from plots/transects/management units (logged-over, virgin etc.) will be further utilized to provide total projections of biodiversity for specific forest production areas particularly on logged-over forests. Aside from this, future monitoring and biodiversity assessment will be based on updates of initial surveys conducted using the described methodology. In effect, the approach will be used both for initial baseline surveys and monitoring of changes in habitats, forest cover, and land use which will be correlated statistically with ground biodiversity gradsect surveys to assess changes and impacts on biodiversity.

This methodology is seen as the most practical and cost-effective approach that could be adopted for assessing the project area as a whole on a regular basis, given the high cost of large and small-format Aerial Photography & Aerial Photo Interpretation in the Philippines, and the prevailing abnormal weather conditions as an offshoot of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1992.

A very significant contribution of this project will be the development of data base design and analysis which will enable the total biodiversity analysis and impact evaluation to be projected for a large concession area using the multi-level remote sensing methodology as the major tool in inputting ground biodiversity sample surveys for specific forest management production units. With the extensive spacio-temporal data that will be gathered and the information that will be generated, data shall be integrated and managed through the use of ARC-INFO, a PC-based Geographic Information System (GIS) which is the standard GIS recently adopted for use by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

One of the major focus of the project will be to contribute to the development of a practical biodiversity appraisal system that will further guide land-use allocations at the landscape level and within the management units of Philippine production forests. Practical techniques of assessing the consequences of different forest management regimes on biodiversity will also be developed and implemented in this project.

17

AERIAL VIDEOGRAPHY AND MAPPING AS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVE MULTI-LEVEL REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM

OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE AND METHODOLOGY

1. Aerial Data Acquisition of Selected Sites (Concessions, Mgmt. Units, Protected Areas etc.) • Pre-flight Briefings • Pre-flight Planning, Lay-out of Flight Lines • Data Acquisition using Video Camera, GPS etc.

2. Photo-Products Processing per Flight Line/Strip

3. Mosaicking of Photo Products

4. Camera Reproduction of Photo-mosaic

5. Multi-level Interpretation ofImages • Base map registration, semi-controlled geo-referencing with existing topographic maps of

suitable scale. GPS readings on platform registered with the topo-map. • Image interpretation of Satellite Data (Landsat TM or SPOT) available for the project area.

Use Key for image interpretation of Satellite Images. Results will be Level 1 & 2 Vegetation and Land Use Cover Classification transferred to Topographic Maps.

• Up-date and refine Image Classification with photo-products from Aerial Videography. Combine Interpretation Key with that of satellite image interpretation.

• Combined/Overlaid Interpretation presented in the selected suitable topographic map. Multi-level data product now registered semi-controlled onto a base map. Final result will be vegetation/land cover classification maps.

6. GIS Application • Semi-controlled using topographic map at latitude/longitude readings. • Controlled by establishing ground control points (per sheet or management units). • Digitize semi-controlled or controlled data. • Enter digitized data using ARC-INFO or any other suitable GIS Software. • Further analysis and refined classification using GIS Software.

7. Data Base Management • Data retrieval and analysis for forest and other management planning purposes. • Sample ground sampling plots or biodiversity surveys by gradient transects. Will yield

multi-dimensional outputs as m3/ha, growth and yield, and bio-diversity indices. Need to develop models and programs on Dbase or FoxPro or PC Fortran.

• Data base monitoring and appraisal system. • Integration of other data such as socio-economic and environmental for planning and

management purposes.

170\

I '1i~liI.!l I I==~~

1 - ;:

i -_p[~~~¥~G ----~ I==~~ :

-~

17b

Spacio-temporal considerations are essential in assessing impacts and possible contributions of sustainable forest management activities to biodiversity conservation through minimizing biodiversity losses and promoting its maintenance.

The whole TLA area, covering more than 75,000 hectares, shall serve as the venue for the macro-level aspect. At this macro (landscape) level, biodiversity shall be assessed in various areas of varying degrees and time-lapse of disturbance (1 to 35 years), the nature of the disturbance and variations in bio-physical characteristics. With this approach, possible factors that contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity in various parts of the production forests could be identified.

At the micro-level, the project shall focus on a management unit composed of a mosaic of virgin forest stands, and residual forests that have been: recently logged, are currently being logged and are yet to be logged. This area shall cover approximately 5,000 hectares of residual forests and about 600 hectares of virgin dipterocarp forests. Impacts of prescribed forest management activities such as timber harvesting and post-harvest silvicultural treatments in these areas and their immediate vicinities, shall be monitored and assessed periodically within the project duration.

Considering that biodiversity assessments and evaluation of flora and fauna require the expertise of scientists from various disciplines (e.g. ecology, forestry, botany, entomology, wildlife, biology, etc.), a multi-disciplinary approach shall be adopted for this project. Experts on the various fields shall be tapped in formulating and implementing specific biodiversity monitoring and assessment plans, studies and tools that take into consideration the planned and on-going forest management activities. Attention shall particularly be paid on ensuring that the objective of determining the effects of forest management regimes to biodiversity and assessing their capability of minimizing biodiversity losses and maintaining biodiversity at reasonable levels within a spacio-temporal framework is met.

3.6.4 Economic Aspects

Incorporating biological diversity conservation concerns and activities into forest management activities would entail additional costs. Through this project, the economic costs and benefits of integrating biodiversity conservation activities into the mainstream of forest management activities in production forests could be assessed.

The results could be beneficial in contributing to the formulation of economic policies governing the development and exploitation of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity, particularly in the production forests of the Philippines.

With due consideration to the added costs to be incurred and the expected benefits, economic incentives and/or disincentives, could be formulated in order to ensure that the management of production forests will contribute to the overall biodiversity conservation program of government.

3.6.5 Environmental Aspects

The greatest possible source of adverse environmental impacts in managing production forests, are activities related to the extraction of the forest products, particularly timber harvesting.

Under this project, the focus is on minimizing the adverse impacts to biodiversity in the areas of intensive activity. As stated earlier in the proposal, mitigating activities will be undertaken to minimize the impacts of timber harvesting operations on the soil and vegetation of the areas to be disturbed, to ensure that these areas can recover through the conduct of appropriate silvicultural

18

treatments and protection activities. Existing standards and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) approaches on timber harvesting and other silvicultural prescriptions will be used, and new prescriptions suited to the management units will be formulated if necessary. Thus, the project is seen as actually favoring and promoting environmental conservation.

3.6.6 Social Aspects

As indicated in the model plan, forest occupants living within the concession area (which is also the project area) shall be complimentarily integrated into forest management. They will be provided employment opportunities in the various production, development and conservation operations. Extension services shall be provided and/or facilitated through various approaches such as training on agro-forestry, and by catalyzing the creation of producers and marketing cooperatives, particularly geared towards lab or-intensive cottage industries, where skilled man­power rather than the raw material, constitute the main constraint.

This project plans to tap heavily on indigenous knowledge and expertise of local communities in the use and conservation of biodiversity. Among the first activities that will be undertaken, is a participatory appraisal of the conditions, concerns and interests of the forest occupants. Also incorporated in the appraisal will be an assessment of their indigenous knowledge on biodiversity utilization and conservation, and their actual and potential roles in the assessment, monitoring and overall conservation of biodiversity, as well as their expectations. Their use of non-timber forest products for material and economic benefits, and the implications and impacts of these to their socio-economic status shall also be given due consideration.

Local/indigenous "experts" shall be actively involved and compensated in the planning and implementation of ground surveys, inventory, assessment and monitoring of the area's floral and faunal resources.

Specific activities and implementing mechanisms are detailed in the aforementioned Model 10-Year Forest Management Plan of SUDECOR, and recent DENR Guidelines and Policy Issuances under its Community Based Resource Management Program funded by USAID.

3.6.7 Managerial Aspects

The present production forest management activities within the subject area is governed by a Timber License Agreement (TLA) entered into by the then Ministry of Natural Resources, now the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) , and the Surigao Development Corporation (SUDECOR). This agreement is valid for 25 years to expire on June 30, 2011. Under this agreement, SUDECOR is to have exclusive possession of the forest area with respect to private rights accrued to other persons prior to the agreement. The area is therefore under the direct management and control of SUDECOR. Activities area are governed by management plans (usually 5-year plans) prepared by SUDECOR in accordance with the terms and conditions of the license agreement, as well as governing policies and guidelines issued by the DENR. These plans are reviewed and approved by DENR prior to implementation by SUDECOR. Subsequent monitoring is done by DENR.

The effective medium-term planning and evaluation period usually undertaken is five years, and this is the primary basis for the 5-year duration of the project. The period will allow sufficient time to evaluate impacts, gaps, and other spacio-temporal considerations of the effects of sustainable forest management practices to biodiversity and its conservation.

The project shall primarily be implemented by SUDECOR and SUSTEC, and shall be monitored by the Planning and Policy Service Office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The active involvement of the forest manager (SUDECOR) is calculated to strengthen

19

its managerial and technical capability to sustainably use and manage the biological resources of the area, and contribute to the overall conservation and development efforts of the region and the country. The management aspects of the project are presented in more detail in the "Institutional Arrangements for Execution and Operation" portion of this proposal.

3.7 Reasons for ITTO Support

3.7.1 ITTO Aspects

As explicitly presented in Part I, the objectives and the nature of the project is totally in line with the objectives, strategies, and priority action plans of ITTO. For this reason, the technical and fmancial support of ITTO is being requested.

3.7.2 Relationship to relevant actions supported by other donors

As earlier mentioned, work on biodiversity conservation in production forest areas in the Philippines is lacking and need to be advanced, as the focus of support by other donors and funding agencies (World Bank and Asian Development Bank) are those areas covered by the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIP AS) such as National Parks, Wilderness Areas, Game Refuges & Bird Sanctuaries, Forest Reservations and Critical Watersheds, and other protection forests where all forms of exploitation, specially timber harvesting, are prohibited.

This will also assist government through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, to formulate a new arrangement for the sustainable management of government forest lands as embodied in the 1986 Constitution, consistent with our global commitment to the Principles of Sustainable Forest Management as espoused during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de J ainero.

With less than 5 % of the country's total land area under the protected area system and with the slim chances of significantly increasing this area within the short and medium term, it is apparent that overall biodiversity conservation efforts must extend beyond these protected areas to include the production forest areas. Thus the pressing need for ITTO intervention.

3.8 Risks

The project would have the full support of the national and local government agencies and units, the private sector, and the local communities. As such, no major risks are foreseen other than the possible onset of early and extended periods of pronounced rainy weather (which normally occur from November to January) which would adversely hamper timber harvesting, ground surveys, inventory, assessment and monitoring activities; and, delays in the release of project funds which would set back project timetable.

4. OUTPUTS

4.1 Specific Objective No. 1

To assess capability and effectiveness of a modified model medium-term sustainable forest management plan and guidelines that integrates biodiversity conservation with timber production in natural tropical forests by the year 2000.

20

4.1.1 Short-term, medhnn-term and long-term biodiversity impacts of previous forest management activities (timber-harvesting, pre- and post-harvesting prescriptions and activities) assessed and implementation gaps identified.

4.1.2 Biodiversity impacts of current model medium-term sustainable forest management plan (model plan) assessed and implementation gaps identified.

4.1.3 Modified model plan and guidelines prepared.

4.1.4 Modified model plan and guidelines implemented.

4.1.5 Biodiversity impacts of modified model plan monitored, assessed and plan revised accordingly.

4.1.6 Guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed for timber production prepared.

4.1.7 Final project report prepared and submitted to ITTO, SUDECOR and DENR

4.2 Specific Objective No. 2

Formulate long-term monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines for sustainable forest management in production ecosystem units and for land-use allocations of tropical forests.

4.2.1 Strengths, weaknesses and applicability of present resource and management inventories relative to long-term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring identified.

4.2.2 Long-term project monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines integrated with PC database management system using ARC-INFO Geographic Information System (GIS) developed and operational.

5. ACTIVITIES AND INPUTS

Specific Objective 1

Output 1.1

Short-term, medium-term and long-term biodiversity impacts of previous forest management activities (timber-harvesting, pre- and post-harvesting prescriptions and activities) assessed and implementation gaps identified.

Activities for Output 1.1

1.1.1 Setting of criteria and preparation of guidelines for evaluating forest management plans and their implementation with emphasis on biodiversity conservation.

1.1.2 Gather and compile all available data on previous timber harvesting and post harvesting operations.

21

1.1.3 Selection and mapping of virgin forest area and areas of varying time lapse of disturbance.

1.1.4 Design biodiversity appraisal and survey system that will use appropriate remote sensing technologies and ground survey methodologies.

1.1.5 Training-workshop for field inventory/assessment teams Resource Persons

1.1.6 Conduct biodiversity appraisal in the key areas selected

1.1.7 Analysis of relationships/impacts of previous forest management regimes to biodiversity maintenance in the key areas.

1.1.8 Writing and presentation/publication of important results

Output 1.2

Biodiversity impacts of current model medium-term sustainable forest management plan (model plan) assessed and implementation gaps identified.

Activities for Output 1.2

1.2.1 Implementation of Model Medium-term Forest Management Plan

1.2.2 Assess and validate existing conditions with current model forest management plan and its implementation and identify gaps.

1.2.3 Monitor and evaluate present sustainable forest management practices, e.g. AAC, TSI and other forest management prescriptions and their ecological/environmental impacts to the subject areas.

1.2.4 Conduct biodiversity surveys in key areas under current model plan (i.e. within and immediately adjacent to the areas recently logged, currently being logged and yet to be logged under the model-forest management plan).

1.2.5 Analyze of relationships and impacts of model plan activities to biodiversity of the key areas.

1.2.6 Writing and presentation of important results

Output 1.3

Modified model plan and guidelines prepared

Activities for Output 1.3

1.3.1 Integrate the results and findings generated in Outputs 1.1 and 1.2 and refinement of guidelines.

1.3.2 Modification and approval of model medium-term plan

22

Output 1.4

Modified model plan implemented

Activities tor Output 1.4

1.4.1 Training-workshop for field implementors and managers of SUDECOR on modified model plan implementation.

1.4.2 Field implementation of forest management prescriptions in the modified model plan bySUDECOR.

Output 1.5

Biodiversity impacts of modified model plan monitored, assessed and evaluated

Activities fOr Output 1.5

1.5.1 Monitor and evaluate sustainable forest management practices and other forest management prescriptions under the modified plan and their ecological and environmental impacts to the subject areas.

1.5.2 Conduct pre- and post disturbance biodiversity appraisal and monitoring covering the areas subjected to the modified model plan to determine impacts of forest management prescriptions.

1.5.3 Integrate and analyze results using data-base management system developed to identify strengths, weaknesses, and capabilities of the modified model plan and important considerations for long-term planning.

1.5.4 Writing and presentation of results.

Output 1.6

Guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed for timber production prepared.

Activities tor Output 1.6

1.6.1 Integration, analysis & writing of all results of the assessments and evaluations.

1.6.2 Preparation of draft guidelines and field manual.

1.6.3 Presentation of results and draft guidelines to relevant sectors.

1.6.4 Finalization and publication of results and proposed guidelines and field manual.

23

Output 1.7

Final project report prepared and submitted to ITTO, SUDECOR and DENR

Activities for Output 1. 7

1. 7.1 Writing and printing of fmal report

1.7.2 Submission offmal report

Specific Objective 2

Output 2.1

Long-term project monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines integrated with PC-based database management system using ARC-INFO Geographic Information System (GIS) software developed and operational.

Activities for Output 2.1

2.1.1 Identify strengths, weaknesses and applicability of present resource and management inventories relative to long-term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring.

2.1.2 Formulation oflong-term appraisal and monitoring system based on the important fmdings.

2.1.3 Design forest management and biodiversity data base and determine requirements.

2.1.4 Purchase and setting-up of appropriate computer hardware and software.

2.1.5 Data-entry and GIS Analysis

2.1.6 Production of maps, tables, overlays and other outputs.

2.1.7 Data-base management and updates

2.1.8 Training-workshops for long-term appraisal and monitoring system.

2.1.9 Training of SUDECOR staff on data-base management.

6. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK WORKSHEETS

(Please refer to Annex A.)

7. WORKPLAN

(Please refer to Table 1.)

24

8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXECUTION AND OPERATION

8.1 Management Structure

Sustainable Ecosystems International Corporation (SUSTEC) as a Non-Governmental Organization whose primary concerns, include the use of its technical and managerial expertise in exploring and documenting the positive role of tropical production forests sustainably managed for timber production, in the maintenance and conservation of biological diversity, as its contribution to the overall biodiversity conservation program of the government, will be the Executing Agency in charge of general management & administration of all project activities. SUSTEC will also be directly responsible for reporting all results to ITTO and other agencies/groups represented in the Project Steering Committee.

Surigao Development Corporation (SUDECOR), shall be responsible for providing the project site, on-site support services, information and data required by the project.

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), as the government agency responsible for the administration and management of the country's natural resources, will be a member of the Steering Committee, and will be in charge of providing forest management experts and in monitoring project activities. It shall also ensure that the results of the Project will be carried over to other production forest areas through appropriate national developmental policy issuance and regulatory guidelines.

The University of the Philippines College of Forestry (UPCF), shall also be a member of the Steering Committee being the primary institution involved in conduct of research in forest management, and in the pilot-testing of technology and new methodology developed within the framework of sustainable forests management. It shall provide direct assistance in the research aspects ofthe project and in the dissemination ofthe results thereofto all concerned.

As shown in the Organizational Chart (Figure 1), the project will be guided by a Steering Committee and managed in the field by a Project Management Office headed by a Project Director. The Steering Committee will evaluate, define and guide project activities in consultation with the ITTO. The committee will meet at least twice a year, depending on the progress and results of project implementation. In summary, the Steering Committee will be composed of Technical Executives of SUSTEC, SUDECOR, UPCF, DENR, ITTO and representatives of all project sponsors/donors. The Steering Committee shall be assisted by a Technical Working Group consisting primarily of SUSTEC staff, and representatives of the cooperating agencies.

In the field, management and monitoring will be handled by the Project Management Office (PMO) and its Project Manager. The PMO will have three important components: the Sustainable Forest Management, the Biodiversity Research Component, and the Data-bank Management Component. The basic Terms of Reference of the Consultants are detailed in Annex B.

8.2 Future Operation and Maintenance

Equipment and other materials that will be acquired by the project will be under the responsibility of SUDECOR and SUSTEC, and will be used solely for project purposes. An agreement will be made stipulating the responsibilities over all project equipment.

It is expected that the Modified Medium Term Plan, biodiversity appraisal, monitoring and data-base management systems that will be developed by the project will be adopted by both the government and private sectors for implementation in all the country's production forest areas.

25

Figure 1. PROPOSED PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP

r···············S·T·EE·R·j·N·G···C·O·MM·iTT·E·E················1 i SUSTEC ! ! SUDECOR, DENR, UPCF, i ! OTHER DONORS, ITTO 1 :...........--- r--- :

r········P·RO·J·E·CT···C·O·O·RO·jNATO·R··("1">·· .. ····\ 1 ACCOUNTANT (1) ~

L .................................................................................................. ...1

r.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.·.·.v;:'.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.·.v.· ........... -.-.-.·.-.·.·.·.-.-.-.-.-.-.·.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.y.-.-.-.-.-.-.-... -•.... -.-.-..

SUSTEC Project Mgt. Office

Project Manager (1) ~;:::::: ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ; ••••••••••••••• j:=~.::::::: ............................... :i

lADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT STAFF i i Administrative Officer (1) i 1 Budget Officer (1) r-1 Driver (2), Clerk (1) 1 : ........................................................................................................ :

................................................... 1 ........... : ..................................... . BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH

Coordinator (1) International Biodiversity Expert (1)

Local Biodiversity Expert (1)

[----...... -~--.. .

Botanist (1) l Ecologist (1) i Zoologist (1) 1

. _______ ,~~,~~Id A,:sistan~,~~l __ .~._

FOREST MANAGEMENT Coordinator (1)

L---~---------- I . : Local Forest Mgt Expert (1) i

DENR Experts l Sudecor Foresters !

Field Assistants i ............... ~ ..... ~ ..... _ .. -................................................................ .......1 ....•••.....

<)~"

, .................................................. 1. ............................................... . DATA BANK MANAGEMENT

Coordinator (1) Computer Programmer (2)

Cartographer (1)

E--~-----.. --.... ~

GIS SpeCialist (1) ! ~ Remote SenSing Expert (1) I

9. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES

Prior to project implementation, SUSTEC will conclude an agreement with SUDECOR and DENR for project implementation, detailing all corresponding responsibilities, commitments and obligations, among others.

Before project start-up, SUSTEC and DENR would have chosen the consultants and Project Management Office personnel in accordance with ITTO's Guidelines for the Selection and Employment of Consultants and arranged with SUDECOR, the office and housing of the project staff.

10. POSSIBLE FUTURE ACTIONS

SUDECOR and SUSTEC will continue implementing project activities pertaining to biodiversity conservation and maintenance. Through appropriate policy and regulatory changes and measures that will be formulated by DENR in consultation with the private sector in response to the project, the resultant Modified Medium Term Forest Development and Management Plan, guidelines, manuals and systems will be adopted by all Timber License Agreement holders after the project. There would most likely be a need for a second phase to properly replicate the plan, implement the guidelines and adopt the systems.

Part III MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

1. ARRANGEMENTS FOR REPORTING

1.1 Project Progress Reports

Detailed project progress reports will be submitted quarterly to the Steering Committee, copy furnished the ITTO in accordance with the prescribed guidelines.

1.2 Project Completion Report

The project completion report will be prepared and submitted to ITTO on the 60th month of the project in accordance with the prescribed guidelines.

2. ARRANGEMENTS FOR ITTO MONITORING AND REVIEW

The project will be subject to monitoring by ITTO representatives twice on the first and last year and once in between years. The representatives will also be requested to attend important workshops and outputs presentations.

26

3. EVALUATION

3.1 Mid-term Evaluations

The need for mid-term evaluations by ITTO will be decided upon by the monitoring Ill1SSlOns. The dates will be agreed upon by the ITTO, the Steering Committee and the Project Director.

3.2 Final evaluation

It is proposed that a [mal evaluation will be conducted upon project completion by month 60 .

Part IV PROJECT BUDGET

1. PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY

(Please refer to Table 2. and Table 3.)

2. YEARLY BUDGET, CONSOLIDATED PROJECT BUDGET BY SOURCE AND PROJECT BUDGET BY COMPONENT FOR ITTO CONTRIBUTION

(Please refer to Table 4., Table 5. and Table 6.)

27

ANNEXA

Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 1

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Project Elements Objectively Verifiable Means of huportantAssumptions fudicators Verification

DeveloI!ment Objective

To manage and use the natural Forest Management Plans for Government guidelines on tropical forests of the Philippines production forests in the planning, implementation and for sustainable production of Philippines explicitly evaluation offorest management timber v.hile maintaining incorporate biodiversity plans that includes guidelines for biological diversity. conservation measures in their biodiversity conservation.

management prescriptions and activities. Forest management plans

prepared and being implemented Loss ofbiodiversity minimized by forest managers of production and levels maintained at forests reasonable levels in the production forests of the country Reports of TLA holders and

DENR

SI!ecmc Objective I To assess capability and A modified model medium-term hnpact assessment reports Continued support by effectiveness of a modified forest management plan ~th government (DENR) of the model medium-term sustainable added emphasis on biodiversity Approved modified model plan modified plan arid its objectives. forest management plan and has been prepared, approved and guidelines that integrates implementation is in progress. Progress reports Favorable policies on biodiversity conservation ~th sustainable production of timber timber production in natural Capability of modified plan to Presented and published set of and conservation ofbiodiversity tropical forests by year 2000. minimize loss ofbiodiversity and guidelines in production forests.

promote biodiversity maintainance/conservation Monitoring reports ofITTO established. representatives

Number of interested parties/observers

Project completion report

Output 1 Short-, medium- and long-term Biodiversity status and impact Written report on Biodiversity biodiversity status and impacts assessment and analysis for areas status of areas assessed of previous forest management completed in month 14. activities assessed and Written report on impact implementation gaps identified. assessment

Activitv 1 Setting of criteria and Criteria and guidelines prepared Document on the guidelines and preparation of guidelines for by the first month of the project criteria. evaluating forest management and ready for use. plans and their implementation ~th emphasis on biodiversity conservation.

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 2

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Project Elements Objectively Verifiable Means of hnportant~sumptions

Indicators Verification Activity 2 Gather and compile all available All data on past timber Maps, reports and other data on data on previous timber harvesting and post harvesting timber harvesting ""'re included harvesting and post-harvesting operations by SUDECOR in the analysis. operations compiled and analyzed by first

month of project

Activity 3 Selection and mapping of virgin Virgin forests and other areas Maps of areas included in the forest areas and areas of varying subjected to ppast harvesting project time lapse of disturbance. operations mapped by the

second month. Activity 4 Design biodiversity Biodiversity appraisal survey Written survey system and appraisal/survey system that will system designed by second methodologies. use appropriate remote sensing month of the project. technologies and ground survey Use of appropriate remote methodologies. sensing technologies

Activity 5 Training-workshop for field Training -workshop for field Training workshop report inventory/assessment teams invetory teams completed by the

fourth month. Number of inventory teams organized and trained

Activity 6 Conduct biodiversity appraisal Biodiversity appraisal in key Report s on results of in key areas. areas completed by the end of biodiversity appraisal

the first year. Aerial videography results

Maps of areas assessed and status ofbiodiversity of the areas.

Activity 7 Analysis of relationships! Relationships / impacts of Written report on the impacts impacts of previous forest previous management regimes to of past management operations management regimes to biodiversity in key areas assessed maintenance of biodiversity biodiversity maintainance in key by the 14th month of the project. areas.

Activity 8 Writing and presentation! Documents on biodiversity Documentation of responses of publication of important results appraisal on key areas biodiversity to disturbance

completed and presented to Steering Committee and Presentation of results of relevant groups by the 14th activitiesand studies conducted month of the project. to relevant groups.

Output 2 Biodiversity impacts of current Biodiversity status and impact Written report on Biodiversity Continued support ofDENR in model medium-term sustainable assessment and analysis for areas status of area assessed the implementation of Model forest management plan (model completed in month 14. medium term plan plan) assessed and Written report on impact implementation gaps identified. assessment Continuous operation of

SUDECOR's Timber License Agreement

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 3

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Project Elements Objectively Verifiable Means of Important Assumptions Indicators Verification

Activity 1 hnplementation of model Model medium tenn plan Reports from SUDECOR on medium-tenn forest management implemented as planned by activities implemented plan SUDECOR.

Reports from monitoring teams

Activity 2 Assess and validate existing Existing conditions with current Reports on the status of the conditions with current model- management plan assessed by areas subjected to present plan forest management plan and its the 12th month of the project. implementation Maps of the areas showing

changes in the landscape of the areas

Activity 3 Monitor and evaluate present Present management practices Reports on the ecological sustainable forest management and their ecological impacts conditions of the areas practices, e.g. AAC, TSI and impacts to subject areas assessed other forest management by the 12th month of the Maps of the areas showing the prescriptions and their project. changes and impacts of ecological/environmental management practices. impacts to the subject areas.

Activity 4 Conduct biodiversity surveys in Biodversity appraisal conducted Written reports on the results of key areas under current model in areas immediately adjacent biodiversity appraisal conducted plan (i.e. within and immediately to ares recently logged , being adjacent to the area recently logged and yet to be logged by logged, currently being logged the 10th month of the project. Reports on biodiversity richness and yet to be logged under the of the areas under study. model plan)

Activity 5 Analyze relationships and hnpacts of the Model Medium Written reports establishing the impacts of model plan activities Tenn Plan to biodiversity of the relationships and impacts of the to biodiversity of the key areas. areas assessed by the 11th model plan activities to

month of the project. biodiversity.

Activity 6 Writing and presentation of hnportant results \Witten and Meeting / Discussion with important results. presented by the 12th month of Steering Committee and

the project. relevant groups on results of studies.

Output 3 Modified model plan and Modified model plan based on Approved modified model Support ofSUDECOR and guidelines prepared and results of impact assessments and medium-tenn plan DENR to implement a approved for implementation evaluation prepared and modified version of the Model

approved for implementation in Written Guidelines for Tenn Plan month 16. implementation

Approval of Modified plan by DENR and supported by SUDECOR

30

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 4

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Productlon, Surigao del Sur, Philippmes

Project Elements Objectively Verifiable Means of Important Assumptions

Activity 1 Integrate the results and findings generated in Outputs 1 and 2 and refinement of guidelines

Activity 2 Modification of model medium­tenn plan and approval of modified plan.

Output 4 Modified model medium-tenn plan implemented

Activity 1 Training -\M>rkshop for field implementors and managers of SUDECOR on modified model plan implementation.

Activity 2 Field implementation offorest management prescriptions in the modified model plan by SUDECOR

Output 5 Biodiversity impacts of modified model plan monitored, assessed and evaluated.

Activity 1 Monitor and evaluate sustainable forest management practices and other forest management prescriptions under the modified plan and their ecologicaVenvironmental impacts to the subject areas.

Activity 2 Conduct pre- and post­disturbance biodiversity appraisal and monitoring covering the areas subjected to the modified model plan to detennine impacts offorest management prescriptions.

Indicators Verification

Results and findings from activities under Outputs 1 &2 integratedby the 14th month of the project.

Model medium tenn plan modified and approved by the 16th month of the project.

hnplementation of modified plan started in month 17.

hnplementation has progressed until month 53

Training I Workshop for SUDECOR personnel completed by the 17th month of the project.

Modified Medium Tenn Plan implemented by SUDECOR up to the end of the project

Biodiversity impacts of modified plan established and report ~tten and presented in month 57.

Strengths, _aknesses and capabilities of modified plan established

Environmental and ecological impacts of the prescribed management regimes in the modified plan to the subject areas assessed by the 52nd month of the project.

Pre- disturbance appraisal of the biodiversity of subject areas completed by the 21st month of the project

Post-disturbance appraisal of subject areas conducted on the 33rd to 36th and 49th to 53rd of the project

31

Written reports on the findings complete with maps and other documents that will support findings.

Approved model medium tenn plan.

Written guidelines for implementation

Progress report of start-up activities

Annual and progress reports of completed and on-going implementation activities.

Training I Workshop reports and results.

Detailed activities based on modified medium tenn plan ~tten for implementation.

Monitoring guidelines on implementation of activities stated in the modified medium tenn plan

Progress reports on the implemention

Written report on biodiversity status and impact assessment

Report on modified model plan capabilities

Reports on the biodiversity status of the areas supported by maps and other important documents.

Report on the capabilities of the prescribed maangement regimes under the modified medium tenn plan

Report on the status of biodiversity of the areas before and after they _re subjected to modified model plan

Maps of the subject areas

Other important documents

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 5

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

roject Elements Objectively Verifiable Means of Important Assumptions Indicators Verification

Activity 3 Integrate and analyze results Capabilities of the modified Report on the strengths, using data-base management plan established using data - weaknesses and capabilities of system developed to identify base management system by the the modified plan strengths, weaknesses, and 54th month of the project. capabilities of the modified plan Recommendations for further and important considerations for improvement long-term planning.

Activity 4 Writing and presentation of Results of studies, analyses and Written report on capabilities results evaluation ",,"itten and of the model plan to conserve

presented by the 57th month of and maintain biodiversity at a the project. reasonable level.

Presentation of results to relevant groups

Guidelines on the continuance of management regimes specified under the modified plan

Output 6 Guidelines and field manual for Guidelines and field manual Written guidelines and field the planning, implementation produced in month 59. manual and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed for timber production prepared.

Activity 1 Integration, analysis and W"iting Results of assessments and Written report on the results of of all the results of the evaluations integrated and assessments conducted. assessments and evaluations analysed and \Mitten by the conducted. 56th month of the project.

Activity 2 Preparation of draft guidelines Guidelines and field manuals Draft guidelines and manuals and field manual. drafted by the 56th month

Activity 3 Presentation of results and draft Guidelines and manulas Meetings / 'lM>rkshops with the guidelines to relevant sectors presented to relevant sectors on Steering Committee and other

the 57th month relevant sectors

Comments / Suggestions about the guidelines and manuals

Activity 4 Finalization and publication of Guidelines and manuals Guidelines and manuals in its results of proposed guidelines finalized and publicized on the final form and field manual 60th month of project.

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 6

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Project Elements

Output 7 Proj ect report prepared and submitted to ITTO, SUDECOR andDENR

Activity 1 Writing and printing of final report

Activity 2 Submission offinal report

Specific Objective 2

Formulate long-term monitoring and appraisal system for sustainable forest management in production ecosystem units and for land-use allocations of tropical forests

Output 1 Long-term project monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines integrated v,ith PC­based data-base management system using ARC-INFO Geographic Information System (GIS) software developed and in operation

Activity 1 Design forest management and biodiversity data base and determine requirements.

Activity 2 Purchase and setting-up of appropriate computer hardwares and softwares.

Objectively Verifiable Indicators

Project report completed in month 60.

Final report completed and printed on the 59th month

Final report submitted and presented on the 60th of the month

A long-term monitoring and appraisal system has been formulated and in current use by SUDECOR in its forest management and land-use allocation activities/purposes.

The long-term monitoring system has been presented and is being considered for adoption by other forest managers in their forest management activities.

Long-term monitoring and appraisal system created and operational on month 2.

Long-term monitoring and appraisal system and guidelines adopted throughout project duration

design and requirements for a forest management and biodiversity data base completed by the 2nd month of the project

Appropriate computer hardwaresand softwares purchased and set-up on the 3rd month of the project

Means of Verification

Written project report

Final report complete with supporting documents

Presentation of final report to the Steering Committee and ITTO

Completion report and system description

Training-workshop report

Monitoring and appraisal system in operation

Number of interested parties/observers

Monitoring reports ofITTO representatives

Project completion report

System description

Reports generated

Maps, tables, overlays, other outputs generated

Project completion report

Written design for a forest management data base

Computer hardwares and softwares installed and operationalized.

hnportant~sumptions

Annex A Logical Framework Matrix ... p. 7

Title: Conservation and Maintainance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

Project Elements

Activity 3 Training of SUDECOR staff on data-base management.

Activity 4 Data-entry and GIS Analysis

Activity 5 Production of maps, tables, overlays and other outputs.

Activity 6 Data-base management and updates.

Activity 7 Identify strengths, weaknesses and applicability of present resource and management inventories relative to long­term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring.

Activity 8 Formulation of long-term appraisal and monitoring system based on important findings.

Activity 9 Training-"-Orkshops for long­tenn appraisal and monitoring system.

Objectively Verifiable Indicators

SUDECOR staff trained on database management on the 9th month of the project.

Means of Verification

Training report

Number of staff trained

Results of exercises

Data base managenent system Maps produced in operation from 4th month to the end of the project Results of GIS analysis

Data base management in operation throughout the project

Data base system continuously managed and updated throughout project duration

Strengths, weaknesses and capability of present inventories relative to long-term appraisal and monitoring identified on the 52nd month

Long-term appraisal and monitoring system formulated on the 54th month

Training- Workshops for the appraisal and monitoring system conducted on the 56th month

Important documents produced

Maps, Tables and other outputs

Documents produced by the Data Base Management unit of the Project Management Office.

Progress reports

Annual accomplishment reports

Outputs of studies, assessments, appraisals and evaluations conducred by experts

Reports on the capabilities of present resource and management inventories.

Developed long-term appraisal and monitoring system

Training - Workshop reports

Number of people trained

Results of exercises conducted

Important Assumptions

ANNEXB

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES

PD 35/96 Rev.2 (F) Conservation and Maintenance of Biological Diversity in Tropical Forests Managed

Primarily for Timber Production, Surigao del Norte , Philippines

• Biodiversity Expert (International Consultant) • Biodiversity Expert (Local Consultant) • Forest Management Expert as Team Leader (Local Consultant) • Botanist (Local Consultant) • Zoologist (Local Consultant) • Ecologist (Local Consultant) • Remote Sensing Expert (Local Consultant)

Detailed Terms of Reference of Consultants:

BIODlVERSITY EXPERT (International)

1. Design a biodiversity appraisal and survey system that will use appropriate remote sensing technology and ground survey techniques, taking into account the various project elements.

2. Set criteria and guidelines, in collaboration with the local consultants, for evaluating forest management plans and project implementation with emphasis on biodiversity conservation.

3. Integrate and analyze the impacts of the existing Model Medium Term Plan, to the biodiversity of the key areas using the developed data-base management system, and identify strengths, weaknesses and capabilities of the Plan and important considerations for long-term planning.

4. Based on the results of the study, make necessary modifications on the Medium Term Plan and guidelines, in coordination with the other members of the team and agencies involved in the project.

5. In coordination with other consultants and project implementors, prepare guidelines and a field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans in other tropical forests managed primarily for timber production.

6. In coordination with other consultants and project implementors, document all findings and activities, and submit reports (specific and fmal) to the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

BIODIVERSITY EXPERT (Local)

1. Act as Team Leader of the group of consultants.

2. Set the criteria and prepare guidelines for evaluating forest management plans and their implementation with emphasis on biodiversity conservation in coordination with the International Biodiversity expert and Forest Management consultant.

3. Select the old-growth forest area and areas of varying time lapse disturbance for the biodiversity research activities.

4. Design the biodiversity appraisal and survey system ID coordination with the International Biodiversity Expert.

5. Lead the biodiversity appraisal activities in all selected areas.

6. Analyze the relationships and impacts of previous forest management regimes (timber harvesting, pre-harvesting and post-harvesting prescriptions and activities) to the biodiversity of key areas.

7. Integrate and analyze the impacts of the existing Model Medium Term Plan to biodiversity of the key areas using the data-base management system developed, and to identifY the strengths, weaknesses and capabilities of the Plan, and important considerations for long-term planning.

8. Provide inputs in the modification of the Model Plan based on the results of the appraisals.

9. Conduct pre-disturbance and post-disturbance biodiversity appraisal and monitoring covering the areas subjected to the modified plan, to determine the ecological and environmental impacts of forest management prescriptions.

10. IdentifY strengths and weaknesses, and the applicability of present resource and management inventories relative to long term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring.

11. Design a long term appraisal and monitoring system based on significant findings, and design an appropriate biodiversity data base system

12. Integrate, analyze and document all results of the assessments and evaluations.

13. Prepare, present and finalize guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed primarily for timber production.

14. In coordination with other consultants and project implementors, document all findings and activities, and submit reports (specific and final) to the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

FOREST MANAGEMENT EXPERT (Local)

1. In coordination with the Biodiversity Experts, set criteria and prepare guidelines for evaluating forest management plans and their implementation, with emphasis on biodiversity conservation.

2. Gather and compile all data available on previous timber harvesting and post­harvesting operations.

3. In coordination with the local Biodiversity consultant, select and map virgin forest areas and areas of varying time lapse disturbance.

4. Provide inputs during the preparation of training packages for field inventory and assessment teams.

5. Analyze the relationships and impacts of previous forest management regimes to biodiversity maintenance in key areas.

6. Monitor and evaluate present sustainable forest management practices e.g. Timber Stand Improvement, Annual Allowable Cut and other forest management prescriptions as prescribed by the Model Medium Term Plan, in terms of ecological impacts to the subject areas.

7. Provide guidance to assessment/appraisal teams during biodiversity appraisal and monitoring activities covering selected areas to determine the impacts of forest management prescriptions.

8. In coordination with the other consultants and project implementors, prepare guidelines and manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and conservation plans for tropical forests managed primarily for timber production.

9. Evaluate present resource and management inventories, and identify strengths and weaknesses as to their applicability relative to long-term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring.

10. In coordination with other consultants and project implementors, help formulate a long term biodiversity appraisal and monitoring system based on the results of evaluation and design a forest management and biodiversity data bank system.

11. In coordination with other consultants and project implementors, document all findings and activities, and submit required reports (specific and final) to the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

ECOLOGIST (Local)

1. Determine and study the ecological impacts of current forest management practices, as prescribed by the Model Medium Term Plan, on the subject areas and analyze their relationships.

2. Provide inputs and assist in the modification of the current Medium Term Plan, taking into consideration results of evaluation of the plan's impact on the ecology.

3. In collaboration with the Biodiversity consultants and appraisal teams, conduct pre­disturbance and post-disturbance biodiversity appraisal and monitoring, covering the areas subjected to resulting Modified Medium Term Plan to determine impacts of the forest management prescriptions to the ecology.

4. Document all findings, prepare and submit reports and the results of analyses to the Team Leader, copy furnished the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

BOTANIST (Local)

1. Provide inputs and assist in the design of the biodiversity appraisal and survey system specifically with regard to floral diversity assessment.

2. Provide technical assistance during training of the field inventory/assessment teams.

3. Conduct floral diversity surveys in all selected areas, and analyze relationships and impacts of previous and current forest management regimes (as prescribed by Model Medium Term Forest Management Plan) to floral composition and diversity.

4. Conduct pre-disturbance and post-disturbance floral biodiversity appraisal and monitoring, covering areas subjected to the resulting Modified Medium Term Plan, to determine impacts of the forest management prescriptions to flora.

5. Provide technical inputs during the preparation of guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed primarily for timber production.

6. Analyze the results of research activities and studies, and integrate these with the findings of the other consultants and components.

7. Prepare and submit reports to the Team Leader, copy furnished the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

ZOOLOGIST (Local)

1. Provide inputs and assist in the design of the biodiversity appraisal and survey system specifically with regard to fauna diversity assessment.

2. Provide technical assistance during training of the field inventory/assessment teams.

3. Conduct floral diversity surveys in all selected areas, and analyze relationships and impacts of previous and current forest management regimes (as prescribed by Model Medium Term Forest Management Plan) to fauna composition and diversity.

4. Conduct pre-disturbance and post-disturbance fauna biodiversity appraisal and monitoring, covering areas subjected to the resulting Modified Medium Term Plan, to determine impacts of the forest management prescriptions to fauna.

5. Provide technical inputs during the preparation of guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation and evaluation of integrated sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation plans for tropical forests managed primarily for timber production.

6. Analyze the results of research activities and studies, and integrate these with the findings of the other consultants and components.

7. Prepare and submit reports to the Team Leader, copy furnished the Project Management Office and members of the Steering Committee.

REMOTE SENSING EXPERT (Local)

1. Collect/procure all necessary secondary data on the project site which can be used as inputs in the preparation of maps and other information for biodiversity assessment including the latest rectified satellite data covering the entire study area.

2. Prepare the preliminary vegetation map of the study area (Level 1 & 2 Classifications) through satellite image interpretation.

3. Conduct primary data acquisition through vertical/oblique aerial video-photography using the latest available equipment, and supervise flight planning activities, actual videography, validation, processing and mosaicking of photo products.

4. Conduct ground truthing activities to determine the location of different forest types, and lead the ground survey/field inventory teams to assess remaining timber volumes.

5. Re-interpret the satellite imagery using the results of aerial video-photography and ground survey to come up with Level 3 Classifications, and prepare an interpretation key for satellite imagery considering all characteristics of remotely sensed data.

6. Prepare other thematic maps, which will be overlaid on the current vegetation map to come up with proper management plan. These shall be geo-referenced for the GIS applications.

ANNEXC

AVERAGE CURRENT COST OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PROVINCES OF MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES*

A. Sustainable Forest Management

Reforestation Cost Silvicultural Treatment Forest Protection

B. Sustainable Timber Production

Road Construction Tree Felling / bucking Yarding Skidding Loading Administrative

TOTAL COST PER HECTARE

U.S. DOLLAR EQUIVALENT (Current Exchange Rates)

- P 15,000/ hectare - P 3,000 / hectare - P 500 / hectare

- p 229,491.2 / hectare ---------------------------------

» P 247,991.2

» $ 9,538.10/ hectare

* Sources: 1. Philippine Master Plan for Forestry Development. 2. Personal communication with Foresters & Administrative and Finance

Officers of various operating timber concessions in Mindanao.

OUTPUT / ACTIVITIES

.""'''''P''' ,. , Short-term, medium-term long-term biodiversity impacts ...

1.11 Setting of criteria ... 1.12 Gather and compile ... 1.13 Selection and mapping ... 1.14 Design biodiversity appraisal... 1.15 Training-workshop ... 1.16 Conduct biodiversity appraisal... 1.17 Analysis of relationships/impacts ... 1.18 Writina and ore!l:entatinn

I ~~''"'~' ,.- Biodiversity impacts of model medium-term plan. ..

1.21 Implementation of model ... 1.22 Assess and validate ... 1.23 Monitor and evaluate present... 1.24 Conduct biodiversity surveys .. . 1.25 Analyze relationships/impacts .. . 1.26 Writina and presentation ...

Modified model plan and .Quidelines prepared

1.31 Integrate the results and findings ... 1.32 Modification and

1.41 Training workshop ... 1.42 Field imolementation

Table 1. Work Plan Page 1

4-1

OUTPUT I ACTIVITIES

Output 1.5 Biodiversity impacts of modified model plan monitored. ..

1.51 Monitor and evaluate ... 1.52 Conduct pre- and post. .. 1.53 Integrate and analyze ... 1.54 Writina and nrA~Ant~tinn

Output 1.6 Guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation. ..

1.61 Integration, analysis and writing ... 1.62 Preparation of draft guidelines ... 1.63 Presentation of results ... 1.64 Finalization and publication ...

Output 1.7 Project report prepared and submitted to ITTO, SUDEGOR ...

1.71 Writing and printing of final report 1.72 Submission of final report ...

2 Output 2. 1 Formulate long-term

monitoring and appraisal system ...

2.11 Design forest management... 2.12 Purchase and setting-up ... 2.13 Training of SUDECOR staff .. 2.14 Data-entry and GIS ... 2.15 Production of maps, tables ... 2.16 Data-base management. .. 2.17 Identify strengths and weaknesses ... 2.18 Formulation of long-term ... 2.19 Trai

Table 1. Work Plan Page 3

4-3

Table 1.

OUTPUT / ACTIVITIES

I~W'KW' ,.: Short-term, medium-term klnn_f~rm biodiversity impacts ...

1.11 Setting of criteria ... 1.12 Gather and compile ... 1.13 Selection and mapping ... 1.14 Design biodiversity appraisal... 1.15 Training-workshop ... 1.16 Conduct biodiversity appraisal... 1.17 Analysis of relationships/impacts ... 1.18 Writinc and nrp!~p!n~ti

I ~W'KW' ,.- Biodiversity impacts of model medium-term plan. ..

1.21 Implementation of model... 1.22 Assess and validate ... 1.23 Monitor and evaluate present. .. 1.24 Conduct biodiversity surveys .. . 1.25 Analyze relationships/impacts .. . 1.26 Writinc and presentation ...

Modified model plan and Quidelines prepared

1.31 Integrate the results and findings ... 1.32 Modification and ~nnrnv~1

I ~W'KW' ,.4 Modified model plan

1.41 Training workshop ... 1.42 Field i

Work Plan Page 2

4-2.

Table 1.

OUTPUT I ACTIVITIES

Output 1.5 Biodiversity impacts of modified model plan monitored ..

Monitor and evaluate ... 1.52 Conduct pre- and post... 1.53 Integrate and analyze ... 1.54 Writina and Dresentation ...

Output 1.6 Guidelines and field manual for the planning, implementation. ..

1.61 Integration, analysis and writing ... 1.62 Preparation of draft guidelines ... 1.63 Presentation of results ... 1.64 Finalization and Dublication ...

Output 1.7 Project report prepared and submitted to ITTO, SUDECOR ...

2 Output 2. 1 Formulate long-term

monitoring and appraisal system ...

2.11 Design forest management... 2.12 Purchase and setting-up ... 2.13 Training of SUDECOR staff .. 2.14 Data-entry and GIS ... 2.15 Production of maps, tables ... 2.16 Data-base management... 2.17 Identify strengths and weaknesses ... 2.18 Formulation of long-term ... 2.19 Traininn-wnrlc<::hnn<::

Work Plan Page 4

4-4-

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 1

Unit Total

OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost Source (US $) (US $)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1 Output 1.1 Short-term, medium-term

land long-term biodiversity impacts ... Activity 1.11 Setting of criteria and

preparation of guidelines ... 10 International Biodiv. Expert ITIO M/M 1 12,500 12,500 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 30 International Travel ITIO M/M 1 2,000 2,000 30 Local Travels ITIO M/M 3 400 1,200

Activity 1.12 Gather and compile ...

I Activity 1.13 Selection and mapping ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

I 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Sudecor Forester SUDECOR M/M 1 385 385

Activity 1.14 Design biodiversity 10 International Biodiv. Expert ITIO M/M 1 12,500 12,500

appraisal/survey ... 10 Remote Sensing Expert ITIO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) 1

10 Zoologist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

Activity 1.15 Training-workshop ... 10 Biodiversity Expert (Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Training Package ITIO M/M 1 10,000 10,000 30 Traveling Expenses/ per diems ITIO 2,000 2,000 10 SUDECOR Team SUDECOR M/M 10 385 3,850

Activity 1.16 Conduct biodiversity 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITIO M/M 3 3,500 10,500

appraisal. .. 10 Assistants/researchers ITIO M/M 24 300 7,200 10 Botanist ( Local) ITIO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITIO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Appraisal Teams ITIO M/M 136 125 17,000 40 Survey equipment ITIO 9,000 9,000 50 Survey supplies ITIO 7,000 7,000

30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITIO 5,000 5,000 60 Aerial videography SUSTEC 20,000 20,000

Activity 1.17 Analysis of relationships/ 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

impacts of previous ... 10 SUDECOR Forester SUDECOR M/M 2 385 770 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

Activity 1.18 Writing and presentation ... 10 Botanist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITIO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

OUTPUT 1.1 SUB-TOTAL 194,405

RUNNING TOTAL 194,405

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 2

Unit Total

OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost Source (US $) (US $)

Output 1.2 Biodiversity impacts of !current model medium-term plan ...

Activity 1.21 Implementation of model medium-term forest management... 10 SUDECOR's Team SUDECOR MIM 340 250 85,000

10 SUDECOR's Equipment SUDECOR

30 Traveling expenses SUDECOR 34,000

Activity 1.22 Assess and validate ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 5 3,500 17,500

10 DENR Experts SUSTEC M/M 2 385 770 10 SUDECOR Forester SUDECOR M/M 10 350 3,500

30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITTO 3,000 3,000

Activity 1.23 Monitor and evaluate present sustainable forest... 10 Field monitoring team ITTO M/M 40 385 15,400

10 DENR Expert SUSTEC M/M 2 385 770 10 Ecologist ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000

30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITTO 4,000 4,000

50 Supplies/Materials ITTO 1,000 1,000

10 SUDECOR's Team SUDECOR M/M 10 350 3,500

Activity 1.24 Conduct biodiversity 60 Aerial videography SUSTEC

surveys in key areas ... 10 Appraisal teams ITTO M/M 51 333 17,000

40 Survey equipment ITTO 9,000 9,000

50 Survey supplies ITTO 7,000 7,000

30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITTO 1,000 1,000

10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000

10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 SUDECOR Forester SUDECOR M/M 10 385 3,850

Activity 1.25 Analyze relationships and 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

impacts of model plan ... 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Ecologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 SUDECOR Forester SUDECOR M/M 4 385 1,540

10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

Activity 1.26 Writing and presentation ... 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Zoologist ( Local) 1

10 Botanist 1

10 Ecologist ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 2 385 770

10 SUDECOR Forester SUDECOR M/M 2 385 770

OUTPUT 1.2 SUB-TOTAL 254,870

RUNNING TOTAL 449,275

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 3

Unit Total OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost

Source (US $) (US$)

Output 1.3 Modified model plan and Iguidelines prepared

Activity 1.31 Integrate the results and 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

I'"di09' geooffited .. 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) 1 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 1 385 385

Activity 1.32 Modification and approval 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 of model medium term plan ... 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 International Biodiv. Expert ITTO M/M 3 12,500 37,500 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 2 385 770 30 International Travel ITTO 3,000 3,000

OUTPUT 1.3 SUB-TOTAL 52,155 RUNNING TOTAL 501,430

Output 1.4 Modified model plan

I implemented Activity 1.41 Training workshop for field 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

implementors and managers ... 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 1 385 385 10 SUDECOR Team SUDECOR M/M 10 385 3,850 30 Traveling expenses ITTO 2,000 2,000 10 Training Package ITTO 1 5,000 5,000

Activity 1.42 Field implementation ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert M/M 15 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) M/M 15 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 10 385 3,850 10 SUDECOR Team SUDECOR M/M 300 250 75,000 30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITTO 5,000 5,000 30 Traveling expenses SUDECOR SUDECOR 35,000

OUTPUT 1.4 SUB-TOTAL 133,585 RUNNING TOTAL 635,015

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 4

Unit Total OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost

Source (US $) (US $)

Output 1.5 Biodiversity impacts of Imodified model plan monitored ...

Activity 1.51 Monitor and evaluate 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 15 3,500 52,500 sustainable forest management ... 10 Monitoring Teams ITTO M/M 136 250 34,000

10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Ecologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 10 Research Assistant ITTO M/M 60 300 18,000 40 Field survey equipment ITTO 2,000 2,000 30 Per Diems ITTO 8,000 8,000 30 Traveling expenses ITTO 12,000 12,000

Activity 1.52 Conduct pre- and post Idisturbance biodiversity appraisal ...

Pre-disturbance 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Ecologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Research Assistant ITTO M/M 24 300 7,200 10 Appraisal Teams ITTO M/M 48 250 12,000 30 Traveling Expenses/other

provision ITTO 4,000 4,000

First Post-disturbance 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Ecologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Research Assistant ITTO M/M 12 300 3,600 10 Appraisal Teams ITTO M/M 30 250 7,500 40 Survey Equipment ITTO 3,000 3,000 50 Survey supplies ITTO 5,000 5,000 30 Traveling expenses/per diems ITTO 4,900 4,900

Second Post-disturbance 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Ecologist ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Zoologist ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Botanist ITTO M/M 3 3,500 10,500 10 Research Assistant ITTO M/M 6 300 1,800 10 Appraisal Teams ITTO M/M 30 250 7,500 30 Traveling expenses ITTO M/M 7,000 7,000 40 Survey equipment ITTO 5,000 5,000 50 Survey supplies ITTO 5,000 5,000 30 Per diems ITTO 5,000 5,000

Activity 1.53 Integrate and analyze

1"""'" "'"9 data-ba", ___ 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

Activity 1.54 Writing and presentation ... 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 4 385 1,540 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

OUTPUT 1.5 SUB-TOTAL 378,040

RUNNING TOTAL 1,013,055

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 5

Unit Total OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost

Source (US $) (US $)

Output 1.6 Guidelines and field manual Ifor the planning, implementation ...

Activity 1.61 Integration, analysis and 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000 writing of all the results ... 10 Biodiversity ( Local) ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000

10 Zoologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Botanist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Ecologist ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 30 Traveling expenses ITTO 1,000 1,000 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 3 385 1,155

Activity 1.62 Preparation of draft

Iguidelines and field manual

Activity 1.63 Presentation of results 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 and draft guidelines ... 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 1 385 385 10 MeetingslWorkshops ITTO 4 500 2,000

Activity 1.64 Finalization and publication ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 DENR expert SUSTEC M/M 2 385 770 50 Materials ITTO 500 500

OUTPUT 1.6 SUB-TOTAL 44,310 RUNNING TOTAL 1,057,365

Output 1.7 Project report prepared and

Isubmitted to ITTO, SUDECOR. .. Activity 1.71 Writing and printing of final. .. 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) M/M 1

I

10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) M/M 1

Activity 1.72 Submission of final report ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) M/M 1 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) M/M 1 10 Workshop/presentation ITTO 2 1,000 2,000

OUTPUT 1.7 SUB-TOTAL 2,000 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1 SUB-TOTAL 2,000 RUNNING TOTAL 1,059,365

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 6

Unit Total

OUTPUTS /ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost Source (US $) (US $)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 2 Output 2. 1 Formulate long-term monitoring

land appraisal system ... Activity 2.11 Design forest management. .. 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500 10 International Biodiv. Expert ITTO M/M 1 12,500 12,500

10 Database Mgmt. Consultant ITTO M/M 2 3,500 7,000

Activity 2.12 Purchase and setting-up ... 40 Computers and accessories ITTO 3 1,556 4,668 40 Pen Plotter ITTO 1 5,770 5,770

40 Digitizer ITTO 1 1,923 1,923 40 Software / ARC-INFO ITTO 1 6,923 6,923

40 Printers ITTO 2 711 1,422

40 Others ITTO 1,000 1,000

40 GPS Receiver ITTO 1 8,000 8,000

Activity 2.13 Training of SUDECOR staff .. 10 Training Package. (SUDECOR

I and DENR Personnel) ITTO 1 7,000 7,000

Activity 2.14 Data-entry and GIS ... 10 Data Mgmt. Unit of PMO ITTO M/M 60

I Activity 2.15 Production of maps, tables ... 10 Data Mgmt. Unit of PMO ITTO M/M 60

I 50 Supplies SUSTEC 3,000

Activity 2.16 Data-base management... 10 Data Mgmt. Unit of PMO ITTO M/M 60

I Activity 2.17 Identify strengths ... 10 Forest Mgmt. Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 International Biodiv. Expert ITTO M/M 3 12,500 37,500

30 Traveling Expenses ITTO 1,000 1,000

30 International Travel ITTO 3,000 3,000

Activity 2.18 Formulation of long-term ...

I Activity 2.19 Training-workshops for

long-term appraisal and monitoring ... 10 Biodiversity Expert ( Local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Forest Mgmt. expert (local) ITTO M/M 1 3,500 3,500

10 Training Workshop Package ITTO 1 7,000 7,000

OUTPUT 2.1 SUB-TOTAL 128,706

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 2 SUB-TOTAL 128,706

RUNNING TOTAL 1,188,071

Table 2 OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 7

Unit Total

OUTPUTS I ACTIVITIES INPUTS Budget Unit No. Cost Cost

(US $) (US $)

Project Monitoring/Supervision

1. Steering Committee

10 SUDECOR Representative SUSTEC MIM 20 385 7,700

10 SUSTEC Representative SUSTEC MIM 20 385 7,700

10 DENR Representative SUSTEC MIM 20 385 7,700

2. Support Staff

10 Project Coordinator ITTO MIM 65 692 44,980

10 Accountant SUSTEC MIM 20 385 7,700

3. Operations

10 Meetings SUSTEC MIM 10 192 1,920

30 Traveling Expenses ITTO MIM 25,360 25,360

Administration (Field Level) 1. Project Administration

10 Project Director SUSTEC MIM 65 807 52,500

10 Administrative Officer ITTO MIM 65 218 14,170

10 Budget Officer ITTO MIM 65 218 14,170

10 Driver ( 2 ) ITIO MIM 130 183 23,790

2. Technical Personnel

Sustainable Forest Management Component

10 Forest Mgmt. Component Coordinator ITIO MIM 65 382 24,830

Biodiversity Research Component

10 Biodiv. Research Component Coordinator ITIO MIM 65 382 24,830

Data Bank Management

10 Data Bank Management Coordinator ITTO M/M 65 382 24,830

10 Computer Programmer ( 2) ITTO M/M 65 310 40,300

10 Cartographer ITTO M/M 65 264 17,160

3. Maintenance and Operating Expenses

40 Office Rental SUDECOR MIM 23,100 23,100

50 Diesel Fuel SUDECOR MIM 10,000 10,000

50 Office Supplies ITTO MIM 10,000 10,000

50 Vehicle Maintenance SUDECOR MIM 7,000 7,000

50 Utilities SUSTEC M/M 60 50 3,420

60 other Services ITIO MIM 10,000 10,000

30 Traveling expenses ITIO MIM 30,000 30,000

4. Equipment

40 Vehicles ITIO MIM 2 34,115 68,230

Contingency 70 ITTO 76,026

70 SUSTEC 4,224

70 SUDECOR 4,223

ITIO Monitoring & Evaluation 80 ITTO 40,000

ITIO Administration and

Program Support Cost 90 ITTO 77,209

Sub-Total 703,072

GRAND TOTAL 1,891,143

5""1

Table 3 PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 1

OUTPUT / ACTIVITIES Project Sub Duty Capital Consumable Miscellaneous Contingency ITTO Grand Personnel Contracts Travel Items Items Monitoring, Total

Evaluation &

Administration SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1

Output 1.1 Short-term, medium-term

and long-term biodiversity impacts ...

Activity 1.11 Setting of criteria and

preparation of guidelines ...

Activity 1.12 Gather and compile ... 19,500 3,200

Activity 1.13 Selection and mapping ... 7,385 I

Activity 1.14 Design biodiversity 26,500

appraisal/survey ...

Activity 1.15 Training-workshop ... 27,850 2,000

Activity 1.16 Conduct biodiversity 48,700 5,000 9,000 7,000 20,000

appraisaL ..

Activity 1.17 Analysis of relationships/ 11,270

t3 impacts of previous ...

Activity 1.18 Writing and presentation ... 7,000

OUTPUT 1.1 SUB-TOTAL 148,205 0 10,200 9,000 7,000 20,000 194,405 Output 1.2 Biodiversity impacts of

current model medium-term plan ...

Activity 1.21 Implementation of model 85,000 34,000

medium-term forest management. ..

Activity 1.22 Assess and validate ... 21,770 3,000 I

Activity 1.23 Monitor and evaluate 26,670 4,000 1,000

present sustainable forest...

Activity 1.24 Conduct biodiversity 34,850 1,000 9,000 7,000

surveys in key areas ...

Activity 1.25 Analyze relationships and 19,040

impacts of model plan ...

Activity 1.26 Writing and presentation ... 8,540 I

OUTPUT 1.2 SUB-TOTAL 195,870 0 42,000 9,000 8,000 254,870J

Table 3 PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 2

OUTPUT I ACTIVITIES Project Sub Duty Capital Consumable Miscellaneous Contingency ITTO Grand

Personnel Contracts Travel Items Items Monitoring, Total

Evaluation &

Administration

Output 1.3 Modified model plan and

guidelines prepared

Activity 1.31 Integrate the results and 3,885

findings generated ...

Activity 1.32 Modification and approval 45,270 3,000

of model medium-term plan

OUTPUT 1.3 SUB-TOTAL 49,155 0 3,000 52,155

Output 1.4 Modified model plan

implemented

Activity 1.41 Training workshop for field 12,735 2,000

implementors and managers ...

Activity 1.42 Field implementation ... 78,850 40,000

OUTPUT 1.4 SUB-TOTAL 91,585 0 42,000 133,585

~ Output 1.5 Biodiversity impacts of

modified model plan monitored ...

Activity 1.51 Monitor and evaluate 136,000 20,000 2,000

sustainable forest management...

Activity 1.52 Conduct pre- and post 165,600 20,900 8,000 10,000

disturbance biodiversity appraisaL ..

Activity 1.53 Integrate and analyze 7,000

results using data-base ...

Activity 1.54 Writing and presentation ... 8,540

OUTPUT 1.5 SUB-TOTAL 317,140 0 40,900 10,000 10,000 378,040

Table 3 PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 3

OUTPUT I ACTIVITIES Project Sub Duty Capital Consumable Miscellaneous Contingency ITIO Grand

Personnel Contracts Travel Items Items Monitoring, Total

Evaluation &

Administration

Output 1.6 Guidelines and field manual

for the planning, implementation. ..

Activity 1.61 Integration, analysis and 25,655 1,000

writing of all the results ... I

Activity 1.62 Preparation of draft

guidelines and field manual

Activity 1.63 Presentation of results 9,385

and draft guidelines ...

Activity 1.64 Finalization and publication ... 7,770 500

OUTPUT 1.6 SUB-TOTAL 42,810 0 1,000 500 44,310

Output 1. 7 Project report prepared and

submitted to ITTO, SUDECOR. ..

Activity 1.71 Writing and printing of final. ..

Activity 1.72 Submission of final report ... 2,000

OUTPUT 1.7 SUB-TOTAL 2,000 0 2,000

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1 SUB-TOTAL 846,765 0 139,100 28,000 25,500 20,000 1,059,365

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 2

Output 2. 1 Formulate long-term monitoring

and appraisal system ...

Activity 2.11 Design forest management... 26,500

Activity 2.12 Purchase and setting-up ... 29,706

Activity 2.13 Training of SUDECOR staff .. 7,000

Activity 2.14 Data-entry and GIS ...

Activity 2.15 Production of maps, tables ... 3,000

Activity 2.16 Data-base management...

Activity 2.17 Identify strengths ... 44,500 4,000

Activity 2.18 Formulation of long-term ...

Activity 2.19 Training-workshops for 14,000

long-term appraisal and monitoring ...

OUTPUT 2.1 SUB-TOTAL 92,000 0 4,000 32,706 128,706

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 2 SUB-TOTAL 92,000 0 4,000 32,706 128,706

TOTAL 938,765 0 143,100 60,706 25,500 20,00~ 1,188,071 _ ..

stt

Table 3 PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY Page 4

OUTP.UT I ACTIVITIES Project Sub Duty Capital Consumable Miscellaneous Contingency ITTO Grand

Personnel Contracts Travel Items Items Monitoring, Total

Evaluation &

Administration

PROJECT MONITORING AND ADMINISTRATION

A. PROJECT MONITORING/

SUPERVISION

o STEERING COMMITTEE 25,020 0 25,360 I

o SUPPORT STAFF 52,680

B. PROJECT MANAGEMENT & 236,580 30,000 91,330 30,420 10,000

ADMINISTRA TION

( FIELD LEVEL )

C. CONTINGENCY 84,473

D. ITTO MONITORING &

EVALUATION 40,000

E.ITTO ADMINISTRATlV1VE &

PROGRAM SUPPORT COST 77,209

PROJECT MONITORING SUB-TOTAL 314,280 0 55,360 91,330 30,420 10,000 84,473 117,209 703,072

TOTAL 1,253,045 L-

0 198,460 152,036 55,920 30,000 84,473 117,2~ 1,891,143 -- - - -- - - ----

ss-

Table 4 CONSOLIDATED YEARLY BUDGET

ANNUAL DISBURSEMENTS ------------------------------------ Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 BUDGET COMPONENTS

10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts 446,095 158,291 75,609 69,448 69,449 73,298 12 Administrative Personne 59,830 11,966 11,966 11,966 11,966 11,966 13 Consultants 451,500 136,500 91,000 56,000 45,500 122,500 14 Other Labor 148,200 56,600 32,200 24,100 13,000 22,300 15 Training/meetings 34,920 17,384 5,384 384 384 11,384 16 International Experts 112,500 37,500 37,500 - - 37,500

20 Sub-contracts - - - - - -

30 Duty Travel 31 Transport cost/per diem~ 198,460 62,372 35,072 30,972 26,972 43,072

40 Capital Items 41 Premises 23,100 4,620 4,620 4,620 4,620 4,620 43 Capital Equipment 125,936 117,936 500 3,500 500 3,500

50 Consumable Items 53 Utilities 20,420 4,084 4,084 4,084 4,084 4,084 54 Office Supplies 38,500 15,500 2,000 7,000 2,000 12,000

60 Miscellaneous 61 Other Services 30,000 22,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

70 Contingency 84,473 16,894 16,.894 16,894 16,894 16,897

80 ITTO Monitoring and Evaluation 40,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000

90 ITTO Administrative and Program Support Cost 77,209 15,441 15,441 15,441 15,441 15,445

GRAND TOTAL 1,891,143 685,088 342,270 254,409 220,810 388,566

5-6

Table 5 CONSOLIDATED PROJECT BUDGET BY SOURCE (US$)

CODE COMPONENTS ITTO SUDECORISUSTEC TOTAL

10 PROJECT PERSONNEL 983,880 269,165 1,253,045

20 SUB-CONTRACTS - - -

30 DUTY TRAVEL 129,460 69,000 198,460

40 CAPITAL ITEMS 125,936 23,100 149,036 LOGGING EQUIPMENT*

50 CONSUMABLE ITEMS 38,500 20,420 58,920

60 MISCELLANEOUS 10,000 20,000 30,000

70 CONTINGENCY 76,026 8,447 84,473

80 ITTO MONITORING & EVALUATION 40,000 40,000

90 ITTO ADMINISTRATIVE & PROGRAM SUPPORT COST 77,209 77,209

GRAND TOTAL 1,481,011 410,132 1,891,143

*Logging equipment is a big part of the inputs of SUDECOR and SUSTEC. However, its monetary value was not made part of the budget so as not to overshadow the budget of the other components and total project cost.

Table 6 PROJECT BUDGET BY COMPONENT (ITTO CONTRIBUTION)

ANNUAL DISBURSEMENTS ------------------------------------ Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 BUDGET COMPONENTS

10 Project Personnel 11 National Experts 176,930 35,386 35,386 35,386 12 Administrative Personnel 59,830 11,966 11,966 11,966 13 Consultants 451,500 136,500 91,000 56,000 14 Other Labor 148,200 56,600 32,200 24,100 15 Training/meetings 34,920 17,384 5,384 384 16 International Experts 112,500 37,500 37,500

20 Sub-contracts

30 Duty Travel 31 Transport cost/per diems 129,460 21,272 39,222 17,322

40 Capital Items 41 Premises 43 Capital Equipment 125,936 117,936 500 3,500

50 Consumable Items 53 Utilities 54 Office Supplies 38,500 15,500 2,000 7,000

60 Miscellaneous 61 Other Services 10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

70 Contingency 76,026 15,205 15,205 15,205

80 ITTO Monitoring and Evaluation 40,000 8,000 8,000 8,000

90 ITTO Administrative Program Support Cost 77,209 15,441 15,441 15,441

GRAND TOTAL 1,481,011 490,690 295,804 196,304

Year 4 Year 5

35,386 35,386 11,966 11,966 45,500 122,500 13,000 22,300

384 11,384 37,500

17,322 34,322

500 3,500

2,000 12,000

2,000 2,000

15,205 15,206

8,000 8,000

15,441 15,445

166,704 331,509

REFERENCES

Asian Development Bank, June 6-8,1994. Biodiversity Conservation in the Asia Pacific Region. Manila, Philippines.

Blockhus, Jill M. et. al., 1992, Conserving Biological Diversity in Managed Tropical Forests, IUCN Conservation Program. Gland, Switzerland.

International Tropical Timber Council, 1990. ITTO Action Plan: Criteria and Priority Areas for Programme Development and Work. Yokohama, Japan.

International Tropical Timber Organization, 1992. ITTO Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests. Yokohama, Japan.

International Tropical Timber Organization, 1992. ITTO Manual for Project Formulation. Yokohama, Japan.

International Tropical Timber Organization, 1992. ITTO Guidelines on the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Tropical Production Forests. Yokohama, Japan.

International Tropical Timber Organization. International Tropical Timber Agreement of 1994. Yokohama, Japan.

International Tropical Timber Organization, 1992. Criteria for the Measurement of Sustainable Tropical Forest Management. Yokohama, Japan.

Hunter, Malcolm. Wildlife, Forests and Forestry: Principles of Managing Forests for Biodiversity.

McNeely, JefIrey E. et. al., 1990. Conserving the World's Biological Diversity, IUCN. Gland, Switzerland.

Reid, Walter et. al., 1993. Biodiversity Prospecting, World Resources Institute, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Rainforest Alliance, and African Centre for Technology Studies.

World Resources Institute, IUCN and UNEP, 1992 . Global Biodiversity Strategy.

I /

! I

PANDANANl

I /

f

'c; / /

/

c:J. CAGAYAN DE SULU I.

.I:u," I

/'

/

/ /

/

6

/ / " 9

PAlIGUUpI '.;l)...; ~

/ . '""~, / s:u' L uJOW~ •

/",':J I d' ~ ... w". /

c E

~100 150 ' ~" 200 ',250~ ! ! .! !

, e p'ravlneJ_' C.pltlll • ProvlncJaI air. .. ..

PUBLlSHEP AND EXCLUSIVELy" DISTRIBUTED BY

~B08KSTORE.lNC. ~L------0--------------~

E B E s.

E A

'\ \

\ \ )

I

"'/

'UlAU KRAKElOll6