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Project Proposal

Project 7: Drifters

Lance Ellerbe - BS EEJamal Maduro - BS CpE

Peter Rivera - BS MEAnthony Sabido - BS ME

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Drifter Design Team

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Project OverviewDevelop a self-contained network of tracked surface drifters for near coastal application.

HousingElectronics

Power SystemGPS receiverRadio transceiverMicrocontroller

Any of these drifters within range of the base station will then be able to send all the information from all other drifters, thus providing a self-contained drifter network. Many such drifters are deployed globally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as part of the world climate observation program.

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Legacy Drifter*Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

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Operational Description

Client will take drifters out to the Ochlocknee Bay and release drifters into the water a set time intervals

*Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

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Operational Description

Then the drifters will be recovered based on pin pointed locations using the GPS and wireless communication from one another.

*Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

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Electrical ComponentsMicrocontroller

Radio Transceiver

GPS module

Battery

Data Logger

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General Layout

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Microcontroller ,Radio Transceiver, and GPS

Engineer: Jamal Maduro

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MicrocontrollerCriterion JustificationLow operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3V reduces energy consumption

Analog to digital (ADC) capabilities with a resolution of at least 8 bits

Allows the use of analog thermistors or other analog temperature sensors;Allows for a temperature range of -128 to 127 Fahrenheit or Celsius

Dual Inline Packaging (DIP) Facilitates development compatibility with standard breadboards and available low-cost development kits

At least 8 Kbytes of non-volatile memory, 256 Bytes of RAM, 16-bit registers

Accommodates medium sized low power programs;Accommodates higher accuracy floating point operations (compared to 8-bit)

At least 12 general purpose I/O pins Extends the number of controllable devicesExtends the number of available interrupt sources

Two universal serial interfaces are desired but only one is mandatory

Provides easy interface between microcontroller radio module;Provides easy interface between microcontroller and GPS module

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MicrocontrollerMSP430

Part #Non-Volatile

Memory Capacity

Volatile SRAM

General Purpose I/O pins

ADC(bits)

Register size

Price for Sort

FR5725 8 kB (FRAM) 1 kB 16 10 SAR 16bit $2.05

G2553 16 kB (Flash) 512 B 16 10SAR 16bit $0.90

G2452 8 kB (Flash) 256 B 16 10SAR 16bit $0.70

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MicrocontrollerMSP430 Part # Additional Pros Cons

FR5725

According to Texas Instruments FRAM has the following advantages over flash: 1-- Consumes 250 times less power than flash: 9μA @12kB/s versus 220μA @12kB/s for flash 2-- Unified memory block can be dynamically configured as program, data, or info memory 3-- Can write 100 times faster than flash: 1400kB/s @ 730μA versus 12kB/s @ 2200μA 4-- Significantly larger write tolerance than flash: approx. 10 billion times more cycles 5-- Since it uses crystals instead of charge it's not susceptible to radiation 6-- Higher security and robustness due to its virtually undetectable write cycles 7-- Two Universal Serial Connection Interfaces as opposed to only one

1-- Does not have a DIP version 2-- Out of Stock 3-- Not available within time frame for this project

G2553

1-- 20 pin DIP version available 2-- Costs less then FRAM 3-- 5 power saving modes 4-- twice as much SRAM as the MPS430G2452 5-- 16MHz clock 6-- 16 kB Flash allows for larger programs in necessary

1-- Only one Universal Serial Interface (Tx Rx)

G2452

1-- 20 pin DIP version available 2-- Costs less then FRAM and MSP430G2553 3-- 5 power saving modes 4-- Relatively less power consumption than the MSP430G2452 5-- 16MHz clock

1-- Only one Universal Serial Interface (Tx Rx)

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Radio Transceiver

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Radio TransceiverSUMMARRIZED FCC RULES AND REGULATIONS

The transmitter output power will be bounded to 1 watt (30 dBm)

Effective isotropic radiation power (EIRP) will be bounded to 4 watts (36 dBm)

The maximum antennae gain cannot exceed 16 dBi

If the transmitter power is 30 dBm then for every 3 dBi over 6 dBi the transmitter power must be reduce by 1 dBm

The average time of occupancy at any frequency must not be larger than 0.4 seconds within any 10 second period. ** For FHSS capable systems

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Radio Transceiver

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Radio Transceiver

Criterion Justification

Low operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3V reduces energy consumption

FCC compliant for the 915 MHz ISM band avoid federal infractions and penalties; keep network online

Data rate must high enough to transmit necessary information in a timely manner (does not violate FCC rules and regulations)

Reduces energy consumption; avoid federal infractions and penalties; keep network online

UART communication capability allows microcontroller to easily interact with radio module

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Radio TransceiverXbee

ModelOperating

Voltage (V)

Line of sight Range

(km)Mesh

ProtocolTransmit

Power (dBm)

High Gain

Antenna Range (km)

Transmit Current

(mA)

Receive Current

(mA)RF data

rate Price

Pro 900 3.0 - 3.6 3 Yes 17 10 210 50 154.6 kbps $39.00

Pro XSC(PCB

mounted)3.0 - 3.6 9.6 Yes 20 15 265 65 9.6 kbps $39.00

Xtend 2.8 - 5.5 24 Yes 30 64 730 80 9.6 kbps 155 kbps

$179.00

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GPS Module

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GPS Module

$GPRMC , 123519 , A , 4807.038 , N , 01131.000 , E , 022.4 , 084.4 , 230394 , 003.1, W , *6ARMC Recommended Minimum sentence C

123519 Fix taken at 12:35:19 UTC

A Status A=active or V=Void.

4807.038,N Latitude 48 deg 07.038' N

01131.000,E Longitude 11 deg 31.000' E

22.4 Speed over the ground in knots

84.4 Track angle in degrees True

230394 Date – 23rd of March 1994

003.1,W Magnetic Variation

*6A The checksum data, always begins with *

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GPS CriteriaCriterion Justification

Low operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3V reduces energy consumption

Use NMEA protocol easy to work with and interpret; appropriate for marine use

Customizable firmware control the output of the GPS data so the microcontroller's work is reduced

Fast (low) Cold, Warm, and Hot starts reduces response time; reduces energy consumption

UART communication capability allows microcontroller to easily interact with GPS module

Accuracy must be within 5 meters increases the chance of retrieval; decreases the time of retrieval; makes data more reliable and usable

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GPS Criteria

Part Name Chip SetHot/

Warm/ Cold

Start (s)

Acquisition

Sensitivity (dbm)

Operating Voltage

(V)Price Accuracy

(m) Interface Configurable firmware

current draw (mA)

Venus634LPx Venus 1/29/29 -161 2.8 - 3.6 $39.00 2.5 (CEP) SPI yes 28

Jupiter F2Sirf Star

IV GSD4e

0.5/31/33 -143 1.75 - 1.9 $35.00 2.5 (CEP) UART,

SPI, I2C yes 30

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Power SystemsEngineer: Lance Ellerbe

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Power SystemsOverviewLow Power ConsumptionEach must be able to operate on 3.3V maximum.The drifter network will be designed to use the least

amount of power when transmitting dataThe power supply will be selected in order to supply the

adequate amount of amp-hours in order to provide enough current for each electrical component to be operational throughout its 15 day deployment.

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Power SystemsCurrent Component Selection PROGRESS: Xbee

Operation Voltage: 3.0 -3.6VDC Current Draw:

Transmitting current: 256mA Receiving Current: 50 mA

Transmission Frequency: every 2.16 min @ 10000 GPS fixes

GPS module Will be selected for low power consumption and operate at a maximum of 3.3V. (Based

on chart on previous slide the current drawn from GPS is approximately 29mA) Microcontroller

Operation Voltage: 1.8V to 3.6V Active mode: 230uA Standby Mode: 0.5uA

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Power SystemsTesting/ VerificationThe testing of this task will include a number of power

consumption tests. First, each electrical component will be attached separately to a multimeter or oscilloscope to validate that the component is operating within its electrical specifications.

Second, based on the results in the previous step the results can be then used to tweak network parameters such as transmission time or microprocessor algorithms in an attempt to lower power consumption and increase theoretical operation time.

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Power SystemsTime of Operation15 days of operation = 360 hours of operationRequired GPS fixes: 10,000Number of Fixes in 15 days: GPS fix every 2.16 min or 129.9 secFCC rule: The average time of occupancy at any frequency must

not be larger than 0.4 seconds when using the frequency hopping spread spectrum.

Maximum current drawn per transmission/reception of all electrical components: Approximately 336mA

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Power SystemsWorst Case Scenario: 0.4 sec for each

transmission/reception336 mA for 1.11 hours of ACTIVE operation

sleep mode considered negligible (uA range).336 mA × 1.11 hours = 372.96 mAh

Battery needed would be something with 3.3 V and greater than 372.96 mAh

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Power SystemsCriteria for Making Battery Selection:Run TimeVolts (Power)Amp-Hour RatingRechargeableLife CycleTemperature of Operation

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Power SystemsPower supply considerations:(1)Lithium IonLithium Manganese NickelLithium PolymerNickel Cadmium (NiCad)Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)Photovoltaics

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Power SystemsLithium Ion Battery:These batteries are able to handle excessive current applications.Lithium batteries are great for long-term use. Lithium batteries also perform well in extreme temperatures.Increased life cycles over Nickel cadmium (NiCad) and Nickel Metal

Hydride (NiMH) batteries.Lithium ion batteries are also cheaper to manufacture than lithium

polymer batteries, so when cost is a factor, lithium ion is the choice.Much lower self-discharge rate than Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

batteries.Wide variety of shapes and sizes efficiently fitting the devices they

power.

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Power SystemsIdeal Battery Configuration

•Parallel configuration would be ideal to increase the amount of Amp-Hours to supply the adequate amount of current to Microcontroller, GPS module and Radio Transceiver for a 15 day period.

V 2

3.3 VDCV 3

3.3 VDC

Voltage = 3.3 VV 1

3.3 VDCCurrent = 12000mAh

Using 4000 mAhBatteriesEXAMPLE

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Power SystemsVoltage regulation

If battery chosen has a nominal voltage of more than 3.3 V, a voltage regulator will need to be implemented to maximize battery life and supply the correct operating voltage to the components.

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Power SystemsPCB protectionLithium Ion batteries must connect to a protection circuit

module to protect Li-Ion Battery from overcharge, over discharge and to prevent accidental battery explosion due to its extra high energy density.

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Power SystemsLiMnNi Rechargeable 26650 Cell

Nominal Voltage 3.7 V

Capacity      4000mAh (4.20V cut-off)

Operation Temperature

Discharging:  - 20oC (-4F) - 60 oC (140F) Cell

 Max. Discharging current

10 A

Energy density 163.17 wh/kg

Xeno AA Size 3.6V Lithium Battery XL-060F

Nominal Voltage 3.7 V

Capacity      2400mAh (2.0V cut-off)

Operation Temperature

Discharging:  -55oC - 85 oC (140F)

 Max. Discharging current

100mA

Once all component selection has been finalized, the battery will be chosen based the voltage needed and the highest mAh that can be found.

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Hull DesignEngineers: Anthony Sabido and Peter Rivera

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Hull DesignIncrease water drag while decreasing wind

dragWatertightResist corrosion in saltwaterSurvive light to medium impacts on

potentially sharp objectsEasily duplicated

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Legacy Casing*Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

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Hull DesignSemi-spherical shape.The electric components will be stored in the center Top will be as flat as possible.

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Hull Design

Low weightHigh stabilityEasy to SealEasily

FabricatedLow Cost

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Hull ComponentsBase

Lack of edges reduces snagging.3 Piece design reduces materials and simplifies

fabrication.Allows for foam filling.

TopFlat panel top decrease vertical profile.Simple sealing process.Quick component access.

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Base

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Exploded ViewSix screws fasten the top to the

base.

Sealing achieved by 1 main rubber seal and 6 rubber coated washers.

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Hull Assembly

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Issues Encountered

Fastening

Need aluminum ring to secure the top.

Veck Female Bonding Fastener

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Issues EncounteredFastening

Excessive torque

SolutionsBonding FastenersTorque Key

Ritchey Carbon Torque Key - Cycle Club Sports

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SpecificationsWaterproof to 5m (CAP-04 & REQF-06).

Low profile to reduce wind drag (CAP-06).

Painted to camouflage with the water (CAP-07).

Maximum weight of 0.5 kg (REQF-04).

Overall height less than 10 cm (REQF-05).

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Hull TestingWater tightnessFloatation

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Hull TestingVibration testing will be done on a vibration table, where the drifter will be

shaken at a variety of frequencies for endurance.

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Project Timeline & Budget

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Project Overview - TimelineTASK

START DATE

DURATION (DAYS)

END DATE

Assigned Team Members

Electronic Components: Product Research 9/18/2011 14 10/1/2011 Lance, JamalSimulation Programming in MATLAB 9/18/2011 14 10/1/2011 JamalReview Wireless Networking Theory 9/18/2011 14 10/1/2011 Lance, Jamal

Meet with Brian Wells 9/30/2011 1 9/30/2011 Anthony, PeterMeet with High Performance Materials

Institute9/30/2011 1 9/30/2011 Anthony, Peter

Meet With Peter Lazarevich 9/30/2011 1 9/30/2011 AllReverse Engineer Previous Drifter 9/30/2011 1 9/30/2011 All

Preliminary Housing Design 10/3/2011 810/10/201

1Anthony, Peter

Finalize Electronic Component selection 10/3/2011 1 10/3/2011 Lance, JamalOrder Electronic componenets 10/4/2011 1 10/4/2011 Peter

Finalize Housing Design10/10/201

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11/23/2011

Anthony, Peter

Measure & weigh components10/10/201

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10/10/2011

All

GPS signal testing10/21/201

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10/21/2011

All

Transmission Range Testing10/21/201

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10/21/2011

All

Housing impact testing 2/3/2012 1 2/3/2012 AllPrototype Housing Fabrication 2/4/2012 1 2/4/2012 Anthony, Peter

Prototype Housing Waterproof Testing 2/5/2012 1 2/5/2012 Anthony, Peter

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Project Overview - Timeline

Electronic Components: Product Research

Simulation Programming in MATLAB

Review Wireless Networking Theory

Meet with Brian Wells

Meet with High Performance Materials Institute

Meet With Peter Lazarevich

Reverse Engineer Previous Drifter

Preliminary Housing Design

Finalize Electronic Component selection

Order Electronic componenets

Finalize Housing Design

Measure & weigh components

GPS signal testing

Transmission Range Testing

9/18/2011

9/23/2011

9/28/2011

10/3/2011

10/8/2011

10/13/2011

10/18/2011

10/23/2011

10/28/2011

11/2/2011

11/7/2011

11/12/2011

11/17/2011

11/22/2011

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14

14

1

1

1

1

8

1

1

45

1

1

1

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BudgetExpenses Quantity Unit Price Total

Microcontroller 8 $ 2.17 $ 17.36

Development Board 1 $ 4.35 $ 4.35

Radio Transceiver 5 $ 39.00 $ 195.00

Radio Antenna 5 $ 8.00 $ 40.00

Printed Board 5 $ 15.10 $ 75.50

GPS Module 5 $ 22.95 $ 114.75

GPS Antenna 5 $ 39.95 $ 199.75

Thermistor 5 $ 10.00 $ 50.00

Battery 15 $ 3.00 $ 45.00

Fiberglass 50 sq ft $ 4.74/sq ft $ 237.00

Fiberglass Resin 1 gal $ 96.99 $ 96.99

Fiberglass Hardener 0.86 qt $ 42.99 $ 42.99

Expenses Total   $ 1,118.69

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Questions

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ReferencesTechnical Report: “Surface Circulation Study of Waters Near Ochlockonee Bay, Florida”- Peter Lazarevich and Dr. Kevin Speer

Project Description : “Tracking the coastal waters: a wireless network of shallow water drifters”- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering

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Appendix

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Network – (Legacy Network)

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Network – (Revised Network)