project prorposal it and information technology

7/29/2019 Project Prorposal IT and information technology

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PROJECT PRORPOSAL/DISSERTATION

OR PROJECT REPORT

TAREMWA DANISON

0702925914

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY


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PROPORSAL (TENSES)

1. PROPORSAL writing is always FUTURE tense.

2. Example:

The general objective of the study will be todevelop a web-based information portal that

may be accessed for troubleshooting MV

engine faults.


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REPORT WRITING (TENSES)

1. Report writing is always in past tense:

2. Example:

The general objective of the study was todevelop a web-based information portal that

may be accessed for troubleshooting MV

engine faults.


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THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A research proposal can consequently be

referred to as a research plan, suggestion or

request.

Therefore research proposal is a request to

implement a programme/study/software.


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Qualities of effective proposal

An effective research proposal clearly

states;

What is being proposed

what the project is all about

How will it be carried out

When it will be carried out

How much it will cost


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SECTIONS/SUBSECTIONS OF

PROPORSAL

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Problem Statement


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PROPORSAL

1.3 Objectives of Study

1.3.1 General Objective of the Study

1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the Study

1.4 Scope of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study


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PROPORSAL

CHAPTER TWO

RELATED LITERATURE

REVIEW


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PROPORSAL

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY


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TITLE SELECTION

The term title refers t heading, label or

tag.

The title of the proposal or thesisdescribes what the study is about.

The title is a mini-abstract (summary).

It portrays a quick summary of the key

ideas(s) in a proposal or thesis.


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QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE TITLE

It should be brief and specific. For example

the impact of drug abuse on education.

It should be in line with the set objectives.

The title is a brief summary of what the study

is about.

It should describe the aims and objectives of

the study. The words used in the title should

clearly reflect the focus of the study.


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EXAMPLES

1. A MOBILE BASED BUS TICKETING SYSTEM

2. A MOBILE BANKING SYSTEM FOR BANKS IN UGANDA

3. AN AUTOMATED BANKING SYSTEM FOR SACCOs IN

UGANDA4. A WEB BASED TIME TABLING SYSTEM

5. A COMPUTERISED RECORD TRACKING SYSTEM FORTHE LIBRARY

6. A COMPUTERISED SYSTEM FOR MANAGING LIBRARYREADING MATERIAL

7. A HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM


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EXAMPLES

1. A COMPUTERISED RECORD KEEPING SYSTEM

FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UGANDA

(CASE STUDY..)

2. A COMPUTERISED RECORD KEEPING SYSTEM

FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN UGANDA (CASE

STUDY.)

3. AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING

MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINE FAULTS


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EXAMPLES

1. AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING

COMPUTER FAULTS

2. AN INFORMATION PORTAL FOR CARIER

QUIDANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN

UGANDA

3. AN INFORMATION PORTAL FOR

TROUBLESHOOTING MOTOR VEHICLE

ENGINE FAULTS


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EXAMPLES

A HOSTEL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

A COMPUTERISED TIMETABLE GENERATING SYSTEM

A COMPUTERISED RECORDS KEEPING SYSTEM FOR

PHARMACIES IN UGANDA

AN AUTOMATED ACADEMIC RESULTS SYSTEM


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EXAMPLES

A WEB BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PRIMARYTEACHERS COLLEGES IN UGANDA

A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FORUGANDA POLICE FORCE

A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSEM FOR PUBLIC

BOOK LIBRARIES IN UGANDA

A LIBRARY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM


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Background of the study

i. It discusses the title under study

ii. It describe the problem under study

iii. It discusses the current methods usedand their limitations

iv. It is a brief overview of the problem the

researcher aspires to tackle.

v. Should be at least two pages


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Background information plays a major

role in research.

It points out the challenges faced

due identified issue.

It indicates opportunities forimprovement.

It demonstrates the researchersview of the research problem.


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Qualities of effective background

It is brief and specific. Though it borrows a lotfrom the literature review, is a summary of theinformation in the literature review.

An effective background should get thereader concerned about the problem,excited about the opportunity of

having the problem addressed and interestedin the eventual solution proposed by theresearch.


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DESCRIBE THE TITLE

EXPLAIN THE APPLICATION AREASCURRENT METHODS TO USED (E.G TRACK

DATA/INFORMATION)

PROBLEMS FACED IN THE ORGANIZATION BASING ON THE

CURRENT METODS AND THE WAY FORWARD

Background of the study


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Statement of the problem

A research problem refers to an issue or

concern that puzzles the researcher.

This may be due to its effect or consistence

despite measures taken.

For example a researcher may be puzzled as

to why beer consumption is still high despite

the increase in prices.


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Statement of the problem

A researcher may also wonder why the rate of

school drop outs is still high in rural areas

despite free primary education.

These are concerns that may result in the

formulation of a research problem.


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Qualities of an effective research problem

The research problem is clearly stated. It is

concise. The reader is made aware that there

is a definite issue that needs to be solved. This

mainly because the problem stands out clearlyand is easily recognized.

The problem is researchable-it is a problem

that can be investigated through the collectionand analysis of data.


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE

AN INFORMATION PORTAL FOR

TROUBLESHOOTING MOTOR

VEHICLE ENGINE FAULTS


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1.2 Statement of the Problem

There is no information portal that may beaccessed for troubleshooting MV engine faults,which interested persons, MV owners and

mechanics would access as an alternative to thelimited number of MV expert mechanics indeveloping countries including Uganda.

Consequently, MV engine problems are notaccurately and well rectified in time and at aminimal cost.


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Most mechanics use trial and error methods to

troubleshoot engine faults, which end up spoiling

MV engine parts that were not initially faulty.

This, among other concerns has caused a lot of

difficulty in decision making, particularly about

the overall cost that would best fit repair andmaintenance of MVs in developing countries.


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It is envisaged that an information portal that

grants users multiple information sources

through a single universal resource locator can

be beneficial in providing a do-it-yourselfexpert guidance.


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EXAMPLE TWO: TITLE

AN AUTOMATED BANKING SYSTEM

FOR SACCOs IN UGANDA


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PROBLEM STATEMENT

There is no management information system to keeptrack of records and manage automatic interestgeneration on the customers deposits, computationsof balances after transactions have been made by the

client and generations of bank summary inform ofreports at Delta Cooperative Savings and CreditLimited.

Currently the management of the Delta Sacco uses

papers to keep track of client records, computation ofbalances and interests on deposits at a given period oftime and at a given rate.


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PROBLEM STATEMENT

This approach of generating interests is totallymanual hence requiring additional manpower,time and produces a lot of errors and this maylead to inappropriate planning and financial loss

in future. More so, with the ever increasingnumber of customers, a lot of documentationand recording has increased and this kind ofpaper work and manual handling of data is not a

user friendly way of collecting and managinginformation. This approach creates delay increating reports more over its a hectic and costlyexercise.


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General objective of the Study

In research an objective is a specific statement

relating to defined aim of the study.

It is the solution for the problem


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EXAMPLE

The general objective of the study will be/was

to develop a web-based information portal

that may be accessed for troubleshooting MV

engine faults.


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EXAMPLE

The general objective of this project was to

develop a banking system that keeps track of

client records, generates interests on the

deposits and automatically computes balanceson clients accounts.


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Specific Objectives of the Study

They are procedures to be followed to

achieve the general objective.

They take us through the steps ofdeveloping a software (SDLC).

They are specific and achievable


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Specific objectives

i. To study, analyze and identify therequirements for building the

ii. To design the .

iii. To implement the systemdeveloped..

iv. To test and validate the systemdeveloped during the course of thestudy.


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE





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EXAMPLE

1. To identify knowledge/variables and

production rule components that are

necessary for building information portals for

troubleshooting MV engine faults.

2. To design a web-based information portal for

troubleshooting MV engine faults.


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EXAMPLE

3. To implement a prototype web-based

information portal for troubleshooting MV

engine faults: the case of Ugandan

environment.

4. To test and validate the information portal

developed during the course of the study.


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Specific objectives of the study

i. To study, identify and analyze the requirements

for building the banking system.

ii. To design the prototype for automated bankingsystem.

iii. To implement a prototype banking system

developed.iv. To test and validate the automated banking

system during the course of study.


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Scope of the Study

The area of coverage: explains exactly

what your system will cover.

Design scope includes: INPUT design

Database design

Output design


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE





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Scope of the Study

The study is restricted itself to developing an

information portal to assist in providing

information on the general problems that may

occur on MV engines and give possiblesolutions to fix the problems. It is commonly

known that MV engines have different models

depending on the type and size of the vehicle.


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Scope of the Study

In this case, the system was limited totroubleshooting of diesel and gasoline MVengines because they are economical, havebetter top gear performance, flexible over a widerange of speeds, less maintenance cost and theyare widely used in developing countries. Thesystem developed is tailored to the needs of the

target group including but not limited to MVowners, drivers, mechanics, institutions andgovernment regulatory authorities.


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Significance of the study

This section outlines the

benefits/significance or importance of theissue at hand.

If for example the researcher is investigating

poor prices, then significance will be related

to improvement of prices. It could also

involve creation of awareness of market

forces.


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE





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Significance of the Study

It will update knowledge, provide timely

services and hence improve performance of

mechanics as well as reducing MV

troubleshooting, maintenance and repair

costs.

This will also avail up-to-date knowledge to

professionals providing expert knowledge introubleshooting MV engine faults.


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE





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The outcome of the study will also speed-up

further research in developing MV

troubleshooting information portals that

support MV maintenance and repair thusbecoming a model for building up group

knowledge, as opposed to the knowledge of

individual expert mechanics.


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Lastly, it may be used as a

guide/training tool to junior

mechanics and to a limitedextent, by ordinary MV owners

and drivers.


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The developed system is an

interactive tool that will take users

(mechanics) through a step-by-steptroubleshooting process of MV

engine faults that can infuse

fundamental MV enginetroubleshooting skills in them.


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CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW


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DEFINITION

The term literature refers to the

analysis of text books, journals or

manual scripts In terms of a literature review, the

literature means the works the

researcher consulted in order to

understand and investigate the

research problem


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INTRODUCTION

It is a critical look at the exciting

research that is significant to the

work that the researcher will becarrying out.


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INTRODUCTION

It involves examining documents

such as books, magazines,

journals and dissertations thathave a bearing on the study being

conducted.

I t f lit t i


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Importance of literature review

An effective literature review

identifies the gaps in the studies

quoted. By identifying these gapsand highlighting the identified

controversies, it helps to indicate

that further research needs to becarried out on the identified topic.

I t f lit t i


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It also points out how the current

study will contribute positively

towards filling the identified gaps. It enables the researcher to know

the kind of additional data needed in

the study. This helps avoid

duplication of work.


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It evaluates and shows the

relationships between the work

already done by other scholars andthe researchers work. This link

brings consistency and continuity in

relation to the identified topic.


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References

It is in chapter two were we use

references mostly Similarly, we also use references in

chapter one and other chapters


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What is Referencing?

Referencing is the an act or instance of

referring or pointing to the source of the

information.


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What is Citation?

Citation is the practice of referring to the work

of other authors in the text of your own piece

of work. Such works are cited to show

evidence both of the background reading thathas been done and to support the content and

conclusions.


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Ways of citing

Direct quote example

Cowie (1996, p. 91) argues that socialism

rejected the liberal ideals of individualism and

competition.

Paraphrase example

Cowie (1996) suggests that unlike capitalism,socialism promotes the good of the whole

before the good of the individual.


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References lists and bibliographies


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References lists and bibliographies

1. ACADEMIC THESIS Author - family name, initials. (Year). Title of

thesis. Type of thesis. Institution.Example

Maloney, D.R. (1996).An investigation into the

mechanism of catalytic chain transferpolymerization. Ph.D. thesis. University of

Warwick.

2 BOOK


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2. BOOK

Author(s) - family name, initials. (Year). Title of

book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

Examples

1. Anthony, G. (2002). UK public law and

European law. Oxford: Hart.

2. Cohen, H., Rogers, G.F.C. and

Saravanamuttoo, H.I.H. (1996). Gas turbine

theory. 4th ed. Harlow: Longman.


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MORE EXAMPLES

Ajayi, A.O., Aderounmu, G.A.(2004).

Web-based Expert System for

Property Valuation using MobileAgent Technology. Prentice hall,

South Africa.

3 Web site (excluding online journals)


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3. Web site (excluding online journals)

A Web site has no identifiable author, and is

not the work of an organization, leave out the

author details, beginning the reference with

the title of the Web page. Author(s) - family name, initials. (Year, month

day). Title of document. [Online]. (URL). Place

of publication: Publisher. (Date accessed).


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EXAMPLE

Firestone, J. M. (2003). Enterprise

Information portals and Knowledge

Management, Boston MA, KMCI,

Heinemann. Retrieved from

http://www.kmci.org/media/Firestone-

tnkmpt2rev3.pdf on 11/11/2007.


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EXAMPLE

Benn, T. (2002, June 21). Recognition

in a democracy. [Online]. (URL

http://www.tonybenn.com/reco.html). (Accessed 12 February 2004).


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4. REPORT

It is important to be able to identify the bodyon whose behalf research was carried out. Forthis reason, if a research report is part of a

series, the title for the series and thevolume/number of the report should be givenat the end of the reference.


report. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.(Series and vol./no.).

Example


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Example

Chang, D., et al. (2001). Modernizing service

delivery: the better government for older

people prototypes. Leeds: Corporate

Document Services. (Department of SocialSecurity research report no. 136).

5 CONFERENCE/JOURNAL PAPER


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5. CONFERENCE/JOURNAL PAPER


paper. In: Editor(s) - family name, initials,

ed(s). Title of conference, location, date held.Place of publication: Publisher, Page

number(s).


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EXAMPLE

Gereffi, G. (1999). International

Trade and Industrial Upgrading in

the Apparel Commodity Chain.Journal of International Economics,

48(1): 37-70.


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EXAMPLE

A. Adebua, Financial Sustenance of

Public Universities in Uganda, the

case for Kyambogo University,Journal of National Council for

Higher Education, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.9-

16, 2007.


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MORE EXAMPLE

: Micelli, F., Myers, J.J. and Murthy, S.S. (2002?).Performance of FRP confined concrete subjectedto accelerated environmental conditioning. In:Benmokrane, B. and El-Salakawy, E., eds.Durability of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)composites for construction: proceedings of the

second International Conference (CDCC 02),Montreal, May 29-31 2002. Sherbrooke:Universit de Sherbrooke, pp. 87-98.


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6. News papers

First Name, Second Name.(Year, Month

Date). Title/heading. Paper name, page.

EXAMPLE

Andruale, A.(2006, July 29). Motor VehiclePopulation in Uganda. Daily Monitor, P.3.


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EXAMPLE

i. F. Ahimbisibwe, Advanced levels Cutoff Points to go Up. Sunday Vision,2007, March 2, p: p. 1, Vol. 15, No. 9.

ii. P. Birungi, University Guide2008/2009. New Vision, 2008, March13, Vol. 23, No. 53, pp. 14-35.


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CONSIDER: THE TITLE



VEHICLE (MV) ENGINE FAULTS


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This chapter deals with the

analysis of existing relevant

literature on information portalsfor troubleshooting MV engine

faults.

f l


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2.1 Information Portals

Definition

working

Application areas

2.1.1 Advantages of Using


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2.1.1 Advantages of Using

Information Portals

According to Jalan (2004)[31], organizations are

moving fast to deploy portals in business

solutions and engineering, so as to maximizethe value of enterprise information,

applications and resources.And so on

2.2 The Basic Architecture of an


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2.2 The Basic Architecture of an

Information Portal

The information portal architecture involves thedesign of organization and navigation systems to

help people find and manage information more

easily (Sullivan, 2003)[56].


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Figure 2.1: An illustration of the basic architecture of an

information portal. Adapted from (Sullivan, 2003)[56].

2.3 Planning and Development of an


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2.3 Planning and Development of an

Information Portal

According to Collin (2002)[9], the fivesteps of portal development include:

project planning

identify the portal requirements

Design the information portal

Implement information portal

Test and validate information portal

2 4 Tools/Software/information


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2.4 Tools/Software/information

systems/methods Currently in Use

OR

2.4 MV Computerized

Troubleshooting Tools on the Market

C t t l


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Current tools

Identify the tools in use

Explain how each works

Explain the benefits of each tool

Explain the limitations of each

tool

EXAMPLE


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EXAMPLE

According to (Hansford, 2000)[22],Computerized tools have been developed and

are being used in the troubleshooting of

motor vehicle engines, they include thefollowing:

i. Auto Tech

ii. Mitsubishi tech

iii. Diagnostic Assistance Software

(DAS)


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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 To study, analyze and identify the

requirements for building the 3.2 To design the .



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/

PROPORSAL

3.3 To implement the system

developed.

3.4 To test and validate the systemdeveloped during the course of

the study.

CHAPTER THREE


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METHODOLOGY

Introduction3.1 Requirements identification/system sturdy and

investigation

3.1.1 interviews

3.1.2observation

3.1.3 Questionnaires

3.1.4documentation

3.1.5Discussion groups.Highlight the benefits and limitations you encountered

while using each of the methods above.

3.2 System design


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y g

3.2.1 Input/output design

What software will you use to develop the

graphical user interface and how?

3.2.2 Database Design

What DBMS will you use to develop the DB

system and how?

CHAPTER THREE t


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CHAPTER THREE cont...

3.3.3 Database design

System environment

3.3.1 Hardware environment

3.3.2 Software Environment

3.4 Testing and Validation

CHAPTER FOUR


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CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGNNote: in this chapter we look at the output of

methodology.

Objective Number(1).

To study analyses and identify the requirements forbuilding the system.

4.1 Study of the existing system.

Evaluate the existing system and identify theweakness and strength.

3.3 Implementation


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p

What hardware do you require to work with thesoftware under development and what

capacity, speed etc.

Eg speed of CPU, speed of hard disk, RAM.The software eg operating system that will work with the

developed system.

3 4 system testing and validation


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3.4 system testing and validation

How will you identify bugs/errors in thesystem developed.

Validation can be achieved by using test data

and demonstrating to a pernel of experts inthat area to find out if the general objective

has been achieved or not.

4 2 System design


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4.2 System design

4.2.1 input/output design(Graphical user interface)

4.2.2 Database design

Conceptual Database Design Identify entities and their corresponding

attributes.

Normalise tables and attributes.

Represent tables and attributes using entityrelationship models/diagrams.

4.2.2 Database design cont...


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Logical Database Design

Represent entity relationship diagram into

table relationships using DBMS software.

Physical Database Design

Represent database tables using data

dictionary by including tables, attributes, field

size and type etc.

CHAPTER FOUR cont


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CHAPTER FOUR cont...

4.1.2 Requirements identificationa. User requirements

Functional requirements.

Non functional requirements.

b. System requirements Hardware requirements.

Software requirements.

4.1.3 Requirements analysis

Use data flow diagram to analyse requirements.

a. Context flow diagram

b. Level 1 DFD.

discussion Conclusion and


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discussion, Conclusion and

Recommendation

CONCLUSIONS

Drawing conclusions is the main goal of writing your report.This is where you want your target audience to understandthe meaning of your research. Base conclusions on the

evidence you present in the body. Consider these points: Emphasize what the report means. Focus on the main

results.

Interpret the overall meaning of your results for yourspecific target audience.

Add no new details.

Do not simply summarize the report.

DISCUSSION


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DISCUSSION

This discusses important points about the researchproject but should be precise.

For example the discussion comparing the twocomputers, the following points should be brieflyexplained.

Initial cost

Weight and size

Screen size

Clarity of screen image

RAM and hard disk size

Speed of the CPU etc.

Conclusions and Recommendations


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Conclusions and Recommendations...

RECOMMENDATIONS

Base your recommendations on your conclusions. Considerwhat you want to emphasize. Address these concerns:

What do you want the target audience to do?

What actions should they take?

Use a list for emphasis if you have two or morerecommendations.

Use should, recommend, or similar terms (i.e., The

evidence indicates that NASA should do the following )

project prorposal it and information technology

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