CCET DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

Major project on

Automatic Coolant System of

Drilling Machine

Submitted To : Submitted By: Mr. Randhir Singh Anoop Kumar-(5307/12)

Anuj Kumar-(5309/12)

Harsimran Singh-(5322/12)

Himanshu-(5323/12)

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION We hereby declare that major project which is presented on this report entitled

“AUTOMATIC COOLANT SYSTEM OF DRILLING MACHINE”

submitted in partial fulfilments of requirements of the award of the Diploma in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING to the Punjab State Board of Technical

Education & Indusrial Training ,Sector-36-A, Chandigarh, is an authentic record of

our own work carried at Chandigarh College Of Engineering & Technology,

Sector-26,Chandigarh campus is carried out under the supervision of

Mr. Randhir Singh (Workshop Instructor) & Mr. R.P. Dhiman

(Superintendent of Workshop)

The material embodied in this project work has not been submitted to any other

institution for award of any Diploma/ Degree.

Place :

Date:

This to certify that above statement made by the candidate is best to my knowledge.

Guided By:

Mr. Randhir Singh (Workshop Instructor)

And

Mr. R.P. Dhiman

(Superintendent of Workshop)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks & profound gratitude to Mr. Randhir Singh

(Workshop Instructor) & Mr. R.P. Dhiman (Superintendent of Workshop) for

contributing his valuable time for completing the project “AUTOMATIC

COOLANT SYSTEM OF DRILLING MACHINE” successfully.

Our special thanks to Mr. Chaman Lal , H.O.D. Mechanical for his encouragement

during the project.

Finally we thank all unmentioned names & visible names who helped us in bringing

this major project report to form.

Last but not the least I wish to avail myself this opportunity, express a sense of

gratitude & love to my friends and my beloved parents for their mutual support ,

strength, and help for everything.

Place : Chandigarh

Date:

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the present project work entitled “AUTOMATIC COOLANT

SYSTEM OF DRILLING MACHINE”

Submitted by

Anoop Kumar-(5307/12)

Anuj Kumar-(5309/12)

Harsimran Singh-(5322/12)

Himanshu-(5323/12)

in partial fulfilments of requirements of the award of the Diploma in MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING to the Punjab State Board of Technical Education & Indusrial

Training ,Sector-36-A, Chandigarh, is an authentic record of our own work carried out

in Final Year of Diploma in Mechanical Engg. Under my supervision & guidance.

Signature

CCET

Sector-26, Chandigarh

Place: Chandigarh

Date:

INDEX

Introduction

Sequence of Making Project

Machines used

Shops Used

Tools used

Cost of Project

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Cutting fluids or coolants greatly increase the life of drill bits, taps, lathe

and milling cutters as well as saw blades.

The standard cutting fluid was a dark sulphurized oil. Today water

soluble oils are used in recirculating systems and mist systems. There

are also simple shop recipes, make do's and localized cutter lubricants.

These products all do a number of things:

Cool the cutting edge

Lubricate the non-cutting surfaces and chips

Wash away fine chips

For light duty work use WD-40 because it is handy as keep several cans in

the shop at all times. The spray cans are convenient dispensers and work

well on moving parts. The residue that does not evaporate helps protect the

machine.

For production drilling have used kerosene mixed with motor oil. The

kerosene boils and evaporates at the cutting edge cooling where it is most

important. This can be a smokey way to drill and can be a fire hazard.

On machines with pump systems including lathes, mills, saws and grinders

you use water soluble oil. This makes a milky white liquid that cools and

lubricates. It washes off easily and carries other oils to the tank. These are

know an "tramp" oils and there are systems for removing them from the

tank. Most water based coolants have an anti-microbial agent to prevent

them from going stale. Bacteria growing in the coolant can be a health

hazzard and often stinks.

Pumped systems can be messy on saws and drills. Some production drill

presses are equiped tables with a large gutter and drain as well as no holes

for coolant to leak through. Saws tend to be messy even when designed for

coolant.

Mist systems also use water based soluable oil coolants. These systems use

a small container of the coolant and and air powered atomizer to spray the

coolant on the work. These are handy for machines that do not have drain

pans or aprons to catch fluid from a pumped system. Care must be taken as

to what type of coolant is used as mists are inhaled by workers and can be a

serious health hazzard. Oil mists are particularly hazardous and should be

avoided.

For taping the same coolants are commonly used especially when a

machine has a pump or mist system. However there are special tapping

compounds that cool better and lubricate better under the high pressures of

taping.

One of the best taping agents was "Tap Free" a non-flamable solvent based

product. It had a low boiling point and you could hear it "sizzling" at the

cutting edge. It was amazing stuff but has been taken off the market.

Currently there are a number of taping fluids on the market and they all do a

fairly good job. Machinists often use them on difficult to machine materials

on lathes and milling machines as well as for tapping.

Cutting fluids, lubricants, and coolants are used in drilling work to

lubricate the chip being formed for easier removal, to help dissipate the

high heat caused by friction, to wash away the chips, to improve the finish,

and to permit greater cutting speeds for best efficiency. In drilling work, the

cutting fluid can be sprayed, dripped, or machine pumped onto the work

and cutting too! to cool the action and provide for maximum tool life.

Drilling, reaming, and tapping of various materials can be improved by

using the proper cutting fluids. Cutting- fluids can be produced from

animal, vegetable, or mineral oils. Some cutting fluids are very versatile

and can be used for any operation, while other cutting fluids are specially

designed for only one particular metal.

DRILLING MACHINE

A drilling machine, called a drill press, is used to cut holes into or

through metal, wood, or other materials.Drilling machines use a drilling

tool that has cutting edges atits point. This cutting tool is held in the drill

press by a chuck or Morse taper and is rotated and fed into the work at

variablespeeds. Drilling machines may be used to perform other

operations. They can perform countersinking, boring, counterboring,

spot facing, reaming, and tapping. Drill press operators must know how

to set up the work, set speed and feed, and provide for coolant to get an

acceptable finished product.

Pillar Radial Drilling Machine

All drilling machines have the

following construction characteristics

column, head, worktable, and base.The

spindle holds the drill or cutting tools

and revolves in a fixed position in a

sleeve. In most drilling machines, the

spindle is vertical and the work is

supported on a

horizontal table. The sleeve or quill

assembly does not revolve but may

slide in its bearing in a direction

parallel to its axis. When the sleeve

carrying the spindle with a cutting tool

is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into

the work: and when it is moved

upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn

from the work. Feed pressure applied to

the sleeve by hand or

power causes the revolving drill to cut

its way into the work a few

thousandths of an inch per revolution.

The column of most drill presses is

circular and built rugged and solid.

The column supports the head and the

sleeve or quill assembly. The head of

the drill press is composed of the

sleeve, spindle, electric motor, and

feed mechanism. The head is

bolted to the column.

The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The

worktable can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights

of work. or it may be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted

up to 90° in either direction, to allow for long pieces to be end or angled

drilled. The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and

when bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best

machining accuracy.

The top of the base is similar to a worktable and maybe equipped with

T-slots for mounting work too large for the table.

SPECIFICATIONS OF PILLAR TYPE RADIAL MACHINE

Drilling capacity in steel

20 20 13 13

Tapping capacity in

steel M 12 - - -

Morse taper in spindle 2 2 1 J 6 (arbor

type)

Spindle traverse 125 125 100 100

Vertical adjustment of Spindle head

425 425 425 425

Pillar diameter 76.2 76.2 57.15 57.15

Distance between centre of spindle and column front

200 200 149 149

Max. distance between spindle and table

300 300 300 300

Max. distance between spindle and base

600 600 500 500

Table Working surface 370 Dia

(With Coolant Gutter) 370 Dia

( (With Coolant Gutter)

200 x 200 (With Coolant

Gutter)

200 x 200 (With Coolant

Gutter)

Base Working surface 385 x 375 385 x 375 180 x 210 180 x 210

No. of spindle speeds 10 5 4 4

Range of spindle speeds (rpm)

100 - 142 - 210-310 - 450 - 600 - 852 - 1260 -1860 - 2700

375 -700 - 1170 - 1900 - 3220

480 - 820 - 1320 - 2080

480 - 720 - 1080 - 1590

Feed Hand Hand Hand Hand

Power of the spindle drive motor

0.75 kW/ 1 HP, 1400 rpm, 415 V

AC, 3 Phase, 50 Hz

0.75kW/1 HP, 1400 rpm, 415 V AC,

3 Phase, 50 Hz

0.37kW/ 0.5 HP, 1425 rpm, 415 V

AC, 3 Phase, 50 Hz

0.37kW/0.5 HP,

1425 rpm, 415 V AC,

3 Phase, 50 Hz

Space occupied ( L x B x H )

790 x 440 x 1370 790 x 440 x 1250 550x 340 x 1100 650x 340 x

1100

Net weight of the machine :

220 Kg 210 Kg 105 Kg 105 Kg

(All dimensions are in mm)

WORKING

Its working is very simple and easy to understand as it works under the

action of Gravitational force.

Its working is described in following steps :

1. First of all the desired coolant is filled in the coolant tank which

mounted over head of the Drilling Machine.

2. When the tank is fully filled by coolant then the outlet valve is

used to start or stop the passage of coolant as per requirement.

3. The coolant comes out through a flexible steel pipe due to gravity.

4. With the help of flexible pipe the operator can easily direct the

flow of cutting fluid.

5. The coolant will cool down the drill bit while the cutting process is

carried out.

6. It provides smooth cutting operation with less heat emission.

7. Which enhances the tool life and increase productivity.

ACTUAL COOLANT

SYSTEM

SEQUENCE

FOR

COMPLETE

PROJECT

MAKING

PAINTING OF COOLANT CONTAINER

Spray painting is a painting technique where a device sprays a coating

through the air onto a surface. The most common types employ

compressed gas—usually air—to atomize and direct the paint particles.

Spray guns evolved from airbrushes, and the two are usually

distinguished by their size and the size of the spray pattern they produce.

Airbrushes are hand-held and used instead of a brush for detailed work

such as photo retouching, painting nails or fine art. Air gun spraying

uses equipment that is generally larger. It is typically used for covering

large surfaces with an even coating of liquid. Spray guns can be either

automated or hand-held and have interchangeable heads to allow for

different spray patterns. Single color aerosol paint cans are portable and

easy to store.

MOUNTING OF COOLANT CONTAINER

First of all Coolant container is fixed on the side wall of the

Drilling Machine with the help of a clamp

After that outlet valve is attatched to the container with the help of

wing nut.

The length of PVC pipe is 150mm having internal diameter 10mm.

The one end of PVC pipe is attatched to the outlet valve which is

inserted in the coolant container & other end is attatched is

inserted in into the flexible copper tube .

At the end of copper tube a flexible steel pipe is attatched for the

free movement of the outlet tip from where coolant is poured on to

the job, during the cutting process.

MATERIAL OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

STEEL :- Steels are alloys of iron and carbon, widely used in

construction and other applications because of their high tensile

strengthsand low costs. Carbon, other elements, and inclusions within

iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement

ofdislocations that otherwise occur in the crystal lattices of iron atoms.

The carbon in typical steel alloys may contribute up to 2.1% of its

weight. Varying the amount of alloying elements, their formation in the

steel either as solute elements, or as precipitated phases, retards the

movement of those dislocations that make iron so ductile and weak, and

thus controls qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile

strength of the resulting steel.

COPPER :-

Copper tubing is most often used for supply of hot and cold tap water,

and as refrigerant line in HVAC systems. There are two basic types of

copper tubing, soft copper and rigid copper. Copper tubing is joined

using flare connection, compression connection, or solder. Copper offers

a high level of corrosion resistance, but is becoming very costly.

PVC Pipe :- Plastic pipework is used for the conveyance of drinking water, waste

water, chemicals, heating fluid and cooling fluids, foodstuffs, ultra-pure

liquids, slurries, gases,compressed air and vacuum system applications.

COMPONENTS MATERIAL

Coolant tank Steel

Pipe (outlet) Poly Vinyl chloride

Coolant tube Copper

Flexible pipe Steel

Outlet Valve Brass

TOOLS USED

Screw Driver

Hacksaw

File

Measuring tape

Hammer

Saw

Chisel

Surface Plate

Plier

Spanner

Punch

SCREW DRIVER

A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for turning (driving or

removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a

shaft, and a tip that the user inserts into the screw head to turn it. The

shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip

may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for

improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for

additional 'grip'.

HACKSAW

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for

cutting metal. They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic

and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic

pipe and plastic conduit with them. There are hand saw versions and

powered versions (power hacksaws). Most hacksaws are hand saws with

a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have

a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow

disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate

blades of different sizes.

FILE

A file is a metalworking, woodworking and plastic working tool used

to cut fine amounts of material from a work piece. It most commonly

refers to the hand tool style, which takes the form of a steel bar with

a case hardened surface and a series of sharp, parallel teeth. Most files

have a narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be fitted.

A similar tool is the rasp. This is an older form, with simpler teeth. As

they have larger clearance between teeth, these are usually used on

softer, non-metallic materials.

MEASURING TAPE

A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler. It consists of a

ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear-

measurement markings. It is a common measuring tool. Its design

allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in pocket or

toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners. Today it is

ubiquitous, even appearing in miniature form as a keychain fob,

or novelty item. Surveyors use tape measures in lengths of

over 100 m (300+ ft).

HAMMER

A hammer is a tool that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object.

The most common uses for hammers are to drivenails, fit

parts, forge metal, and break apart objects. Hammers vary in shape, size,

and structure, depending on their uses.

Hammers are basic tools in many trades. The usual features are a head

(most often made of steel) and a handle (also called a helve or haft).

SAW

A saw is a tool consisting of a hard blade, wire, or chain with a toothed

edge. It is used to cut through relatively hard material, most often wood.

The cut is made by placing the toothed edge against the material and

moving it forcefully back and forth. This force may be applied by hand,

or powered by steam, water, electricity or other power source.

An abrasive saw has a powered circular blade designed to cut through

metal.

CHISEL

A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that

wood chisels have lent part of their name to a particular grind)

of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such

as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical

power. The handle and blade of some types of chisel are made of metal

or of wood with a sharp edge in it.

SURFACE PLATE

A surface plate is a solid, flat plate used as the main horizontal reference

plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling

setup. The surface plate is often used as the baseline for all

measurements to the workpiece, therefore one primary surface is

finished extremely flat with accuracy up to 0.00001 in or 250 nm for a

grade AA or AAA plate.

PLIER

Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed

from tongs used to handle hot metal in Bronze AgeEurope.They are also

useful for bending and compressing a wide range of materials.

Generally, pliers consist of a pair ofmetal first-class levers joined at

a fulcrum positioned closer to one end of the levers, creating

short jaws on one side of the fulcrum, and longer handles on the other

side.

SPANNER

A wrench (also called a spanner) is a tool used to provide grip

and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually

rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.

In British English, spanner is the standard term. The most common

shapes are called open-ended spanner and ring spanner. The

term wrench is generally used for tools that turn non-fastening devices

(e.g. tap wrench and pipe wrench), or may be used for a monkey

wrench - an adjustable spanner.

PUNCH

A punch is a hard metal rod with a shaped tip at one end and a blunt butt

end at the other, which is usually struck by a hammer. Most

woodworkers prefer to use aball-peen hammer for using punches.

Punches are used to drive objects, such as nails, or to form an

impression of the tip on a workpiece. Decorative punches may also be

used to create a pattern or even form an image.

MACHINES USED

Portable Drilling Machine

A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool

attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit, used for boring holes in

various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of

fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill

and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and

sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the

target material. This may be slicing off thin shavings (twist

drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil drilling), crushing

and removing pieces of the workpiece (SDS masonry

drill), countersinking, counterboring, or other operations.

Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction

and do-it-yourself projects. Specially designed drills are also used in

medicine, space missions and other applications. Drills are available

with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such

as power and capacity.

SPRAY PAINTING MACHINE

Spray painting is a painting technique where a device sprays a coating

(paint, ink, varnish, etc.) through the air onto a surface. The most

common types employ compressed gas—usually air—to atomize and

direct the paint particles. Spray guns evolved from airbrushes, and the

two are usually distinguished by their size and the size of the spray

pattern they produce. Airbrushes are hand-held and used instead of a

brush for detailed work such as photo retouching, painting nails or fine

art. Air gun spraying uses equipment that is generally larger. It is

typically used for covering large surfaces with an even coating of liquid.

Spray guns can be either automated or hand-held and have

interchangeable heads to allow for different spray patterns. Single

color aerosol paint cans are portable and easy to store.

PIPE BENDING MACHINE

Tube bending is the umbrella term for metal forming processes used to

permanently form pipes or tubing. One has to differentiate between

form-bound and freeform-bending procedures, as well as between heat

supported and cold forming procedures.

Form bound bending procedures like “press bending” or “rotary draw

bending” are used to form the work piece into the shape of a die.

Straight tube stock can be formed using a bending machine to create a

variety of single or multiple bends and to shape the piece into the

desired form. This processes can be used to form complex shapes out of

different types of ductile metal tubing.Freeform-bending processes,

like three-roll-pushbending, shape the workpiece kinematically, thus the

bending contour is not dependent on the tool geometry.

Generally, round stock is what is used in tube bending. However, square

and rectangular tubes and pipes may also be bent to meet job

specifications. Other factors involved in the tube bending process is the

wall thickness, tooling and lubricants needed by the pipe and tube

bender to best shape the material and it is also used in different ways

e.g.( tube,pipe wires).

WELDING MACHINE

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials,

usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often

done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a

pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to become a strong

joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by

itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast

with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-

point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them,

without melting the work pieces. It is often used in construction

engineering.

A welding power supply is a device that provides an electric current to

perform welding. Welding usually requires high current (over 80

amperes) and it can need above 12,000 amperes in spot welding. Low

current can also be used; welding two razor blades together at 5 amps

with gas tungsten arc welding is a good example.

WORKSHOPS

USED

Fitting Shop

Welding Shop

Carpentary Shop

Sheet Metal Shop

FITTING SHOP

FITTING SHOP is the trade of fitting out retail and

service shops and stores with equipment, fixtures and fittings. The trade

applies to all kinds of outlets from small corner shops to hypermarkets.

A shop fitter executes planning, designs shop layout and installs

equipment and services. A shop fitting firm typically incorporates

professional expertise in interior design, manufacturing

of bespoke furniture, signage and fittings (with own

or outsourced facilities) and purchasing of retail equipment.

During our project the cutting, drilling & painting are performed under

the supervision of Mr. Randhir Sir.

Also the whole assembly of Coolant system was performed here and

completion was done in this shop only.

CARPENTARY SHOP

Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the

cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the

construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc.

Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did the rougher

work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and

sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are

considered carpentry. Carpentry in the United States is almost always

done by men.

During our project the mounting of the coolant tank is done with the

help of various types of tools under the supervision of Mr. Randhir Sir

& S. Jasmer Sir.

SHEET METAL SHOP

Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat

pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used inmetalworking and it

can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Countless everyday objects

are constructed with sheet metal. Thicknesses can vary significantly;

extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker

than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate.

Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are

formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter.

The thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional,

non-linear measure known as its gauge.

The usage of Sheet Metal Shop is limited to the makin of sheet metal

clamp for holding the coolant tank and copper tubing under the

supervision of Mr. Randhir Sir.

TOTAL COST OF PROJECT

NAME OF

PRODUCT

QUANTITY COST

Casting of spindle

holder

1 600

Coolant Container 1 1000

Copper tube

2.5m 400

Flexible pipe (3/8”) 18” 150

PVC pipe 1’ 80

Outlet Valve

+

Ring nut

(Brass)

2 350

Paint

½ litre + 50g 175

M-Seal

1 10

Total Two Thousand Seven

Hundred Sixty Five

Only

2765

CONCLUSION

We have learnt alot from this project about types of tools, machines &

how are they used in mechanical workplaces in Industry, Some basic

techniques like cutting, Surface finishing, planning, grinding are

introduced very nicely. In addition to this we have also learntabout

painting and welding. Moreover this projectgave us a good experience

of purchasing material from market and increased our surveying

capabilities

In the end I would like to thanks my teacher who guided us throughout

the project especiallyour Fitting instructor Mr. Randhir Sir.