project updates: small-scale solar- b iopower generation for rural central america
DESCRIPTION
Project Updates: Small-scale Solar- B iopower Generation For Rural Central America. WHA Costa Rica Project Team November , 2012 Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University Agricultural Engineering, University of Costa Rica. A S olar- Biopower C oncept. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Project Updates: Small-scale Solar-Biopower Generation For Rural Central
America
1
WHA Costa Rica Project TeamNovember, 2012
Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State UniversityAgricultural Engineering, University of Costa Rica
A Solar-Biopower Concept
2
Integrating wastes utilization with solar and biological technologies will create a novel self-sustainable clean energy generations system for small-medium scale operations
Fertilizers
Reduced GHG
Animal Manure
Other Wastes
BioenergySolar
Energy
AnaerobicDigestion
Biological Post-treatment
Clean Water
A Solar-Biopower Concept
3
Benefits of system integration
Overcome the disadvantages of individual technologies Unsteady energy flow for solar power generation
Low efficiency of mesophilic anaerobic digestion on degradation of organic matter
Higher energy requirement of thermophilic aerobic digestion
Provide sufficient and stable energy for small-medium sized rural community
Solar energy utilization
Improved efficiency of anaerobic digestion on degradation of organic matter
Biogas energy as chemical storage – steady energy flow
A Solar-Biopower Concept
4
System flowchart
Mass balance
5
Predicted mass balance for the integrated solar-bio system on 1,000 kg of mixed sludge and food wastes
a. The calculation of mass balance was based on the expected results that will be achieved by this project. b. A kg COD destroyed produces 350 L methane gas.
Mixture of feedstocks:Total amount: 1,000 kg/dayTotal solid: 10% COD: 90 g/kg
Thermophilic CSTRReaction temp.: 50°CRetention time: 15 daysCOD reduction: 50%Total solid reduction:40%
Biogas production from anaerobic treatmentMethane: 18,000 L/day
Liquid effluentAmount: 595 kg/dayTotal solid: 10 g/kg effluentCOD: 45 g/kg effluent
Generator
Solid residue accumulated from the CSTRAmount: 360 kg/day wet solidDry matter: 15%
Boiler
To wetland
BioenergyAmount: 684 MJ/day
A Solar-Biopower Concept
Energy balance
6
Potential energy generation based on 1,000 kg of mixed influent per day
Approximately 200% more net energy output (maximum) generated from solar-biopower system with the system under the optimal conditions.
Time courses of maximum energy generation
Time courses of potential net energy generation of solar-biopower system
Maximum daily net energy generation
A Solar-Biopower Concept
Objectives
7
1. Optimize local thermophilic anaerobic microbial consortia on mixed waste streams 90% completion A publication is under preparation
2. Design and implement a solar-biopower generation system on mixed waste streams 80% completion The full demonstration system is up and being tested
3. Evaluate the technical and economic performance of the demonstration system for rural communities in Central America 20% completion A prototype portable unit has been designed and tested at MSU The 500 L portable unit is under fabrication
4. Establish an outreach program in Central America 30% completion
Objective 1
8
Optimize local thermophilic anaerobic microbial consortiaMicrobial community in anaerobic digestion
Pyrosequencing (454) analysis of six reactors. Mixed manure and fiber (50 g/L of COD, three mixture ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30) and two temp. of 25 and 45°C
Unclassified bacteroidetes
Distribution of phylum Bacteroidetes in bioreactors
Culture at 45°C, waste ratio of 80:20
Neighbor joining tree of the unique Bacteroidetes genera (cluster 78 and 89) from 45°C culture and their closely related species in Silva database.
1 µm
SEM picture of unclassified bacteroidetes
Objective 1
9
Optimize local thermophilic anaerobic microbial consortia
Biogas accumulation from manure/food wastes mixture at 50°C digestion (90:10 vs. 80:20)
Biogas Production on Mixed Waste Streams
Biogas accumulation from manure/food wastes mixture at 35°C digestion (90:10 vs. 80:20)
Objective 2
10
Design and implement a solar-biopower generation system on mixed waste streams
Major system components (16) 2x1 m flat-plate solar collector with support (1) 22 m3 anaerobic digester with a 50 m3 gas bag (1) 16 kW combined heating and power unit (4) 100 m2 wetland/sandfilter cells
Located at Fabio Buadrit Experimental Station, UCR
Solar-bio-reactor Wetland/sandfilters
Objective 2
11
Design and implement a solar-biopower generation system on mixed waste streams
Solar-bio-reactor
Wetland/sandfilters
Objective 3
12
Evaluate the technical and economic performance of the demonstration system for rural communities in Central America
: Heat flow
: System monitor and control
Evacuated tube solar collector
Flat-plate solar collector
Solar thermal transfer system Heat
exchanger CSTR anaerobic digester
Control unit
Portable-Scale Solar-Biopower System Design
Objective 4
13
Establish an outreach program in Central America 30% completion
1 workshop (team members from Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua attended) has been held at MSU at the end of 2011
1 seminar conference has been held at UCR in March, 2012
A meeting with industrial sector and university was held during the May visit to Nicaragua (2012)
2 undergraduate students did intern at MSU in 2012
A small-scale demonstration digester unit has been fabricated at UNAN-Leon (Nicaragua).
A group of 13 students from both MSU and UCR will visit the pilot facility at Fabio
From: http://www.usda.gov