#projectless beyond projects - allan kelly · 2017-03-02 · beyond projects or the end of projects...
TRANSCRIPT
BeyondProjectsOrTheEndofProjectsandwhathappensnext
[email protected]://www.allankelly.netTwi1er:@allankellynet
TopConfLinz
March2017
#BeyondProjects#NoProjects#ProjectLess
AllanKelly…Ø ConsulKngonsoMwaredevelopment&strategyØ TrainingforAgile
Author– Li8leBookofRequirements&UserStories(2016)
h1p://www.leanpub.com/userstories– Xanpan:TeamCentricAgileSoMwareDevelopment(2014)h1ps://leanpub.com/xanpan
– BusinessPa8ernsforSoCwareDevelopers(2012)– ChangingSoMwareDevelopment:LearningtobeAgile(2008)
Whatisa“project”?
Takenfromh1p://armstrap-documentaKon.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ge_ng-started-eclipse-development-tools.html
project
noun|ˈprɒdʒɛkt|1anindividualorcollaboraKveenterprisethatiscarefullyplannedtoachieveaparHcularaim:aresearchproject|aprojecttobuildanewpowersta8on.•apieceofresearchworkundertakenbyaschoolorcollegestudent:ahistoryproject.•aproposedorplannedundertaking:thenovelunderminesitsownstatedprojectoftellingastory.2(alsohousingproject)N.Amer.agovernment-subsidizedhousingdevelopmentwithrelaKvelylowrents:herfamilys8lllivesintheprojects.
FromAppleMacOSXdicKonary
Aprojectis….
ProjectManagementInsKtute-h1p://pm4id.org/1/2/
"PMIdefinesaprojectbyitstwokeycharacterisKcs:• itistemporaryand• undertakentocreateaproduct,service,or
resultthatisunique."
Problem#1–Success?
ProjectSuccessCriteria
Where’sthevalue?£$€
• OnSchedule• OnBudget• OnQuality(Features)
ProjectModelAssumpKons
1. ValueisknowableAndisknownbeforestart
2. Thereisnovalueinflexibilityi.e.OpKonsarevalueless
Requirementschange.
Compoundto~27%perannum
TheobservedrateofchangeintheUSisabout2%per
calendarmonth
CapersJones,2008
TheworldchangesGetoverit
70%believetheyarefailingtoidenKfyandquanKfythebenefitsadequately
DeliveringvaluefromISandITinvestments,JohnWard,CranfieldSchoolofManagement,2006–surveyofUK&Beneluxmanagersh1p://www.som.cranfield.ac.uk/som/dinamic-content/research/documents/deliveringvaluereport.pdf
IT/IS&BusinessManagersurvey38%openlyadmittheyoverstatethebenefitsinordertoobtainfunding
80%reportthatthereviewandevaluaKonofcompletedprojectsisalsoinadequateduetothefocuson[achieving]cost,HmeandqualityobjecKvesandnotonwhethertheintendedbenefitswererealized.
Conflictand….Goaldisplacement– Chasingdateoverbenefit– ChasingKmeoverbenefit– Chasingcostoverbenefit– Chasingfeaturesoverbenefit
TheProjectmodelleadsto…
SoluKon
GovernancebasedonactualdeliveredbenefitsIteraKvepor~oliomanagement
FocusonBenefitnotTheEndAsknot,“WhenwillthesoMwarebedone?”
Doask:“WhenwillthesoMwaredelivervaluenext?”
Problem#2–ProjectsareBig
• ProjectmodelisopKmizedforbig• Usedonsmallpiecesofworkitinefficient• Projectspushbigdecisionsup– tobigmen– withbigchequebooks– top-downauthority
MilkischeapestinBIGcartons
SoCwareischeapestinlotsofsmallcartons
AndsmallcartonsofsoMwarereducerisk
Bigincreasesrisk
ConsideralargeprojectAgainstseveralsmall
projects
ProjectA:Risk=30%Valueatrisk=£1mThereforeriskweightedvalue=£300,000
PrjB:Risk=15%Value@risk=£½m
Therefore…=£75,000
PrjC:Risk=15%Value@risk=£½m
Therefore…=£75,000
E:Risk=6%@risk=£200k
Therefore=£12kF:Risk=6%@risk=£200k
Therefore=£12k
G:Risk=6%@risk=£200k
Therefore=£12kH:Risk=6%@risk=£200k
Therefore=£12kI:Risk=6%
@risk=£200kTherefore=£12k
SoluKon
ThinksmallGetgoodatsmall
SoMwaredevelopment…
• DoesNOThaveeconomiesofScale• DevelopmenthasDISECONOMIESofscaleTherefore
• StopthinkingBIG• StartthinkingSMALL
ProjectsarebigbatchSmallbatchesbestforsoMware
SmallbatchesreduceriskRegulardeliveryincreasesROI
Problem#3–TheEnd
SoMwareisn’ttemporary
SuccessfulsoMwaredoesn’tstop
SuccessfulsoMwareconKnuestochangeOnlydeadsoMwarehasanend-date
Projectsend
Successfulso
Mware
doesn’t
SuccessfulsoMware?
MoodleWeeklydownloads:23,239Lastupdate:3days(16Jan)
WebTorrentWeeklydownloads:0Lastupdate:17April2013(9mths)
PerlLORDWeeklydownloads:0Lastupdate:25May2013(8mths)
1)Iftheyuseit,itwillchange
2)OnlyDeadSoMwareStopschanging
DatafromSourceForgesearchfor“WebBrowser”19Jan2014
Enddatesdamagequality
• Shorttermthinkingleadsto…– Cornercu_ng– Known&unfixedbugs– Residualtechnicaldebt– Knowledgelost
AProjectis…
“AtemporaryorganizaHonthatisneededtoproduceauniqueandpredefinedoutcome
orresultatapre-specifiedHmeusingpredeterminedresources.”
PRINCE2definiKonofproject
ConKnuousnotTemporary
ConKnuousflowConKnuousimprovementConKnuousdeliveryConKnuousbenefit
AMatchMadeinHell
SoMwareDevelopment
ProjectManagement
SoMwareisforever ProjectsareTEMPORARY
Problem#4-
TemporaryOrganizaKons
TemporaryTeam?
• Forming• Storming• Norming• Performing• Destroying
}TakesKme&money!
Whydestroyperformingteams?Whyspendthatmoney?Whylooseknowledge?
TemporaryorganizaKons
Disbandingteamsdestroys– Knowledge– Capability– Performance
ThemostdestrucKveideaknowntosoMwaredevelopment
SoluKon
BaseworkaroundstablestreamteamsAimforconKnuity
Bringtheworktotheteam
Whattodoaboutit…
• Keepteamstogether• Flowworktotheteams• Workinthesmall• WorkconKnually• Demonstratevalue
TheEndofProjects
• ProjectsareaccounKngcodes• FinishedSoMwareisDeadSoMware– LivingsoMwarechanges– DeadsoMwaredoesn’t– LivingsoMwaredoesn’tend
• ProjectthinkingkillssoMware
BeyondProjects
Anewmodel….
Waterfall2.0
Jonathon’sRunFall,PennsylvaniabyHubertStoffels(h1p://flickr.com/photos/22195940@N00)CreaKveCommonsLicense
ConKnuousFlow
GetgoodatsmallOpKmize&OrganizeforlotsofsmallDeliversmallincrementsofvalueAndevaluateresults
StreamTeams
ConKnuityinteamsAlignwithbusiness
ProductServiceBusinessLine
Devolveauthority:Efficiencyinmakinglotsofsmalldecisions
Valueseeking&delivering
ValueseekingIdenKfyDeliverAndEVALUATE
GovernanceofteamsRepeat,don’tstop
Couldthiseverwork?
• Governancebyresults?• Failfast,failcheap?
SeemstoworkwellonSandHillRoad…
Feedback
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OpHonA OpHonB
#NoProjects/#ProjectLess• Itain’teverover
[email protected]:@allankellynet
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e:
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#NoProjectsLeanPub
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Appendix
EndDateconsideredharmful
Laterequirementsconsideredinferior
ChangeGovernance
BaseGovernanceonactualdeliveredbenefits
NotmilestonescompletedNotdocumentsNotbudgets
PicturefromPicasa-CreaKveCommonsLicenseh1p://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:House_of_Parliment_6_2012-07-08.jpg
Whathaveyoudeliveredformelately?
Governancebasedonresults
• Experimentfriendly– Failuretolerant– Failfast,failcheap(salvage)
• Alignwithstrategy• GovernancethroughItera8vePorAolioManagement
IteraKvePor~olioManagement
• Fixedscheduleforgatereviews• Reviewwhatisreadyonadate– Benefitdeliveredtodate– PotenKalbenefitifconKnued
RaKonalenddates?
IntheUSmorethanhalfofthelargeprojects…predeterminedenddateisselected,anditisforcedontheproject
byarbitrarydecree.
CapersJones,2008
SoluKon
Worktothebusinessdeadline
DowhatyoucanintheKmeDogoodwork
CorporatePsychopathyProcessbywhichcorporaKonsdisbandperformingteamsand
releasestaff
SoluKon
Organizeworkaroundthatwhichisstable
Organizebybusinessstream&team
• Aimforstableteams&conKnuity• Closetobusiness• Managequeueswithincapacity
Stream#1DevTeam
DeadlinesGood
EnddatesBad
BigBatchSize
Makelotsofthis!Buildthis! Deliverthis!
Wait Wait
SmallBatchSize
…andkeepgoing
ProjectManager
Notfair!Youmisrepresentus!
Waitaminute….
ProjectManager
Sowhatis“Aproject”?
Wedon’tBreakupteams,orSKckdoggedlytorequirements
Wedo- Allowchange- Considervalue- WorkconKnually
WhydoesPrince2containthisdefiniKon?
Andwhatdoesa“ProjectManager”actuallyManage?
Problem#5:Language
“FalseProjects”
Whenthelanguageofprojectsisusedtodiscussworkwhichisnotaproject
Confusion!
StopconfusingpeopleStopmisleading
yourselves