Prokaryotic Cells Vs. Prokaryotic Cells Vs. Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells

R. MillerR. Miller

77thth Grade Science Teacher Grade Science Teacher

KIPP WAYS AcademyKIPP WAYS Academy

Now that we have learned how living Now that we have learned how living things are organized what’s next?things are organized what’s next?

We will learn more about the lowest level We will learn more about the lowest level of organization: cellsof organization: cells

What is the first thing that we need to know What is the first thing that we need to know about cells?about cells?

All cells fall into one of the two major All cells fall into one of the two major classifications of either prokaryotic or classifications of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. eukaryotic.

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells were here first and for were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life billions of years were the only form of life on Earth. All on Earth. All prokaryoticprokaryotic organisms are organisms are unicellularunicellular

Eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells appeared on earth long appeared on earth long after after prokaryotic cells prokaryotic cells but they are much but they are much more advanced. more advanced. EukaryoticEukaryotic organisms organisms unlike unlike prokaryoticprokaryotic can be can be unicellularunicellular or or multicellularmulticellular. .

Glow in Glow in the the

dark dark squid… squid…

how how does it does it

do do that?that?

Vibrio Vibrio fischerifischeri

Glow in Glow in the dark the dark bacteriabacteria

Helps it Helps it survive in survive in the oceanthe ocean

Lives in Lives in fish and fish and other other marine marine lifelife

Let’s Take a Look at the Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell. Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell.

Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion years ago.years ago.

Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms

Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found in all environments. in all environments.

Let’s Take a Look at the Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane . Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane . Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm.throughout cytoplasm.

Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles .organelles .

Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure. Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.

Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes.to Eukaryotes.

Shapes of ProkaryotesShapes of Prokaryotes

Cocci = Cocci = spherical spherical (round)(round)

Bacillus = Bacillus = (rod (rod shaped)shaped)

Spirilla = Spirilla = helical helical (spiral)(spiral)

What do prokaryotic cell look What do prokaryotic cell look like?like?

Now let’s take a look at the Now let’s take a look at the characteristics of eukaryotescharacteristics of eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells appeared approximately one Eukaryotic cells appeared approximately one billion years ago billion years ago

Eukaryotes are generally more advanced Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes than prokaryotes

Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic material (DNA)material (DNA)

Is there more? Yes!!!Is there more? Yes!!!

Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several different parts.different parts.

Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known as as membranes.membranes.

EukaryotesEukaryotes have a complex internal structure. have a complex internal structure.

Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .

What do eukaryotic cells look What do eukaryotic cells look like?like?Mitochondria

Nucleus

Golgi Complex

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?

ProkaryotesProkaryotes Organelles lack a Organelles lack a

membranemembrane

Ribosomes are the Ribosomes are the only organellesonly organelles

Genetic material floats Genetic material floats in the cytoplasm (DNA in the cytoplasm (DNA and RNA)and RNA)

EukaryotesEukaryotes Organelles covered Organelles covered

by a membraneby a membrane

Multiple organelles Multiple organelles including ribosomesincluding ribosomes

Membrane covered Membrane covered Genetic material Genetic material

How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?

ProkaryotesProkaryotes Circular DNACircular DNA

UnicellularUnicellular

Cells are smaller in sizeCells are smaller in size

Has larger number of Has larger number of organismsorganisms

EukaryotesEukaryotes Linear DNALinear DNA

May be multicellular May be multicellular or unicellularor unicellular

Cells are larger in Cells are larger in sizesize

Has smaller number Has smaller number of organismsof organisms

How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?

ProkaryotesProkaryotes Appeared 4 billion Appeared 4 billion

years agoyears ago

EukaryotesEukaryotes Appeared 1 billion Appeared 1 billion

years agoyears ago

How do the similarities line up?How do the similarities line up?

Lets See!!!Lets See!!! Both types of cells have Both types of cells have

cell membranes (outer cell membranes (outer covering of the cell)covering of the cell)

Both types of cells have Both types of cells have ribosomesribosomes

Both types of cells have Both types of cells have DNADNA

Both types of cells have a Both types of cells have a liquid environment known liquid environment known as the cytoplasmas the cytoplasm

Your turn:Your turn:Make a Venn Diagram outlining the Make a Venn Diagram outlining the

similarities and differences between similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotesprokaryotes and eukaryotes

You may use your book and/or consult You may use your book and/or consult your teammateyour teammate