promising initiatives for improved faecal sludge...
TRANSCRIPT
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
Promising Initiatives for improved Faecal Sludge Management
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Michael Steiner, Sandec Symposium / Workshop 9-12 May 2006
Dakar, Senegal
09/08/2006 2
Excreta Storage
Excreta Transport and Treatment
Safe Use of Biosolids in Agriculture
The Challenges
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Finding solutions on all levels of the FSM cycle
technical
financial
socio-economic
institutional
09/08/2006 3
The Challenges
“In particular, you should highlight successful institutional and technical arrangements to ensure that privately collected sludge is delivered to a suitable treatment or disposal site, and the overall system planning required to make this practicable”.
«En particulier, il faudrait mettre en évidence des arrangements institutionnels et techniques réussis qui assurent que les vidangeurs privés acheminent les boues collectées vers une station de traitement appropriée ou une décharge. Démontrer également le processus de planification nécessaire pour aboutir àcela».
(Pete Kolsky, World Bank)
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitationin Developing Countries
09/08/2006 4
Promising Innovations
The private sector collects and treats the FS(The case of GIE* Sema Saniya in Bamako, Mali)
Construction of an FS treatment plant by a GIE already in charge of FS collection
Financing foreseen through the sale of biosolids to farmer and by disposal fees from other enterprises
* Kind of local NGO (French: Groupement d’Intérêt Economique)
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
09/08/2006 5
Initiative of the Private Sector in Bamako
Financing option:Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
GIE SemaSaniya
Sale ofbiosolids
Disposal fees for the otheremptying operators
Emptying
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
09/08/2006 6
Initiative of the Private Sector in Bamako
- The faecal sludge of GIE reach the treatmentplant thanks to the interest of the emptiers
- Reuse of the residual product (biosolids)
- Close economic and service relationship between client and enterprise
- …
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
- High financial risk for GIE- Third-party emptying companies do not deliver
the FS at the treatment plant for reasons ofadditional costs and long distance
- Existence of a market for the sale of the residual product is compulsory
- …
09/08/2006 7
Municipality Involved in Kumasi (Ghana)
The municipality of Kumasi is in charge of the FS treatment plants
The municipality issues licenses allowing private emptying companies to carry out the work
In the event of indiscriminate FS dumping, the emptying company risks to lose its license
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
09/08/2006 8
Municipality Involved in Kumasi (Ghana)
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Municipality
Private companies and municipality
Lice
nse
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Municipality Involved in Kumasi (Ghana)
- The municipality is highly involved in faecal sludge management (including treatment)
- Indiscriminate dumping of FS is sanctioned (license withdrawn)
- …
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
- Requires a strong municipality to control and enforce FSM
- The emptying companies have to pay the treatment plant for FS delivery(may lead to indiscriminate dumping…)
- …
09/08/2006 10
Reversed Money Flux in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Strategic plan:
Treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge on the same site is managed by the municipality
It is planned that the emptying companies are reimbursedfor delivering the faecal sludge at the treatment plant
The operating costs of the treatment plant are financed by the drinking and wastewater fees and by the connection charges to the sewerage system
09/08/2006 11
Reversed Money Flux in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
- Financing ensured through the sanitation tax
- The emptiers are encouraged to deliver the FS at the plant
- …
- Requires a strong municipality to control and enforce FSM
- …
09/08/2006 12
Conclusion
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Promising initiatives exist worldwide to improve faecal sludge management.
The innovations are multi-faceted and based on financial, institutional, technical, and socio-economic tools.
There is no universal remedy ! Since each situation is case-specific, integrated solutions adapted to the local conditions are required.
09/08/2006 13
Outlook
Challenges
Innovations
Conclusion
Outlook
SandecWater and Sanitation in Developing Countries
FSM requires approaches adapted to the financial, institutional,
technical and soci-economic context.
Financial
• Sanitation tax• Charges • Reimbursing the emptiersat the treatment plant
• (Donor agencies)• …
Institutional
• Inclusion of FS in sanitation projects
• Decentralisation• Strengthening the
municipality• License for emptiers• Sanitation laws • …
Technical
• Separated treatment• Co-treatment with
wastewater or waste• Production of biosolids• New emptying technique(ex. Vacutug)
•…
Socio-economic
• Strengthening small enterprises• Promoting the biosolids• Incentives instead of bills• …
Integrated FSM