promoting a wastewater management revolution in asia-pacific summary for group discussion dr. anand...
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Promoting a Wastewater Management Revolution
in Asia-Pacific
Summary for Group Discussion
Dr. Anand ChiplunkarPrincipal Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist
Asian Development Bank
Wastewater management revolution
Knowledge drive: compilation of successful and sustainable environmental sanitation case studies – institutions and sustainable frameworks
Technology drive: specific technology datasheets for different treated output standards required for various end-uses
Financing and incentives drive: business briefs and pre-feasibility studies with financing mechanisms to fast-track wastewater investment projects, and encourage extraction of resources from wastewater
Awareness and advocacy drive: knowledge products, capacity development workshops , networking with stakeholders in round tables for taking up identified business opportunities
Knowledge Drive
• Compile sustainable models/case studies• Choices in the sanitation ladder
Technology Drive
DEWATS: Viet Nam
Constructed Wetlands: China
• Many technology choices
Conventional: Sihanoukville
Toilets Sulabh pour-flush toilets with twin pits; attached to biogas digesters in unsewered areas (India)Eco-san toilets – produce safe fertilizer: Philippines; PRC
Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies (DEWATS)
for urban poor communities: Indonesiapublic markets: Philippinesperi-urban areas: Viet Nam
Constructed wetlands
Ningbo and Nanjing (China) Bayawan City (Philippines)
Conventional
Da Nang (Viet Nam) Sihanoukville (Cambodia)
Financing Drive…1
Develop Business briefs and Pre-feasibility studies
Models of Affordable and innovative financing
Gram Vikas (India): Socialized community fund raising for toilets and bathing facilities
Kerala (India), Sri Lanka and Viet Nam: Revolving funds for toilets and biogas plants
Philippines: Environmental User Fee; microfinancing
Public – Private Partnerships
Philippines and India: private concessionaires responsible for investments, operation and management
Other mechanisms
Nepal: Output-based aid
Shanghai (PRC) and Fiji: Clean development mechanism
Financing Drive…2Project Development Fund (PDF)• Can be recovered with returns in
successful projects
Viability Gap Fund (VGF)• Enhancing viability to make it
financially attractive• Usually upfront grant
Operational/Transition Support Fund• Support cash flow based on
business plan and reforms• Grants or Debt to project in O&M
Other measures• Credit Enhancement• Risk Guarantee Mechanisms
In ADB:
Loan – single or multi-tranche facility
Grant
Non-sovereign public sector facility
Local currency loan
Debt management products
Private Sector – equity investments, loans, guarantees, and B loan (complementary financing scheme)
Incentive Drive: Revenue Potential…1
Different uses:
Source of water for irrigation: VietNam, China
Source of water for industrial use: India
Biosolids/Organic fertilizers: Philippines
Feeds for aquaculture: Bangladesh, India
Source of energy
Biogas for electricity, lighting and cooking: India, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal
Potential for carbon credits
CDM: Kinoya Wastewater
Treatment Project in Fiji Biogas:
Cambodia
Fertilizer:Philippines
PROMOTE REUSE OF TREATED
WASTE
Incentive Drive: Revenue Potential…2
Bali, Indonesia: Reuse of treated wastewater from the “Eco-Lagoon,” which is also a tourist attraction
India: Reuse of treated wastewater for industrial use, in Surat, Gujarat State through PPP is augmenting water supply, set to earn US$6 million per year
Xiamen, PR China: The Shiweitou Sewage Treatment Plant supplies 24,000 cu.m/day of treated wastewater for watering plants in more than 500 ha., earning RMB 2 million per year
Bangladesh: duckweed-based wastewater treatment pond - net profit of almost US$ 2000/ha/y from operation and using duckweed as feeds in aquaculture farms.
Treated wastewater:China
Eco-lagoon, Nusa Dua
POTENTIAL REVENUES
Awareness and Advocacy Drive…1Hygiene and environmental education in schools
India: Total Sanitation Campaign
Philippines: Fit-for-School Program
Triggering demand: community-led total sanitation
Bangladesh, Cambodia
Stakeholder participation:SANIMAS in Indonesia
Social marketing of sanitationIndia
Stimulate demand and willingness to pay
INCREASE AWARENESS AND
INVOLVE THE STAKEHOLDERS
Partnership with the private sectorNeed bankable projects and cost recovery mechanism
Business briefs and pre-feasibility studies with willing partners
Conduct Round TablesGovt/municipal administration, private sector, consumers, financiers etc.
Address affordability issues: lower interest rates, longer repayment period
This is a key component of the Asia Sanitation Revolution • Go beyond
advocacy• Develop
sustainable business opportunities
• Have stakeholder buy-in
Awareness and Advocacy Drive…2
Wastewater management revolution
Knowledge drive: compilation of successful and sustainable environmental sanitation case studies – institutions and sustainable frameworks
Technology drive: specific technology datasheets for different treated output standards required for various end-uses
Financing and incentives drive: business briefs and pre-feasibility studies with financing mechanisms to fast-track wastewater investment projects, and encourage extraction of resources from wastewater
Awareness and advocacy drive: knowledge products, capacity development workshops , networking with stakeholders in round tables for taking up identified business opportunities
