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page 1 Promoting R290 Air-Conditioners Philipp Denzinger GIZ, Proklima MOP Side Event, 11 th October 2016

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page 1

Promoting R290 Air-Conditioners Philipp Denzinger

GIZ, ProklimaMOP Side Event, 11th October 2016

page 212.10.2016

Benefits: • Almost zero emissions (R290 has a GWP of 3) • Higher cooling capacity and coefficient of performance than

conventional refrigerants (energy saving benefits)• Low incremental costs and costs of refrigerants • Availability - R290 can be produced locallyChallenges: • Flammability• Restricted standards and building codes (charge sizes)• Capacities of technicians and certification schemes • Lack of supply chains and aftersales service (spare parts)

Benefits and Challenges of R290 AC

page 3

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

R2

2

R4

10

A

R4

07

C

R3

2

R1

52

a

RE1

70

R2

90

R6

00

R6

00

a

R1

23

4yf

R1

23

4ze

R1

27

0

R4

30

A

R4

40

A

R4

44

A

R4

44

B

R4

45

A

R4

46

A

R4

47

A

R4

47

B

R4

50

A

R4

51

A

R4

51

B

R4

52

B

R4

54

A

R4

54

B

R4

54

C

R4

55

A

R4

56

A

R4

57

A

R5

12

A

R5

13

A

R5

13

B

R5

15

A

Incr

em

en

tal c

ost

[Eu

r.]

Effi

cien

cy (

rate

d C

OP

) [-

]

COP Incremental cost

On-going evaluation of various alternatives� Assessment of all new/proposed low- and medium GWP alternatives � Out of all of them, hydro carbons offer the highest Coefficient of

Performance (COP) for least incremental cost

Reference: Colbourne 2016

page 4

On-going evaluation of various alternatives� Assessment of all new/proposed low- and medium GWP alternatives� Also hydrocarbons have lowest Total Environmental Warming Impact

(TEWI) of all alternatives� HFCs/u-HFCs with close TEWI also have very high incremental costs

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

R22

R410

A

R407

C

R32

R152

a

RE17

0

R290

R600

R600

a

R123

4yf

R123

4ze

R127

0

R430

A

R440

A

R444

A

R444

B

R445

A

R446

A

R447

A

R447

B

R450

A

R451

A

R451

B

R452

B

R454

A

R454

B

R454

C

R455

A

R456

A

R457

A

R512

A

R513

A

R513

B

R515

A

TEW

I [tC

O2-

eq]

refrigerant energy

Reference: Colbourne 2016

page 5

0

5

10

15

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250

Pre

ssu

re [

ba

r,g

]

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[%

LF

L]

Time [s]

Conc (% LFL)

p_evap

p_cond

Leak

start

Compr

off

Close

SOSV

Safety valves closed by gas detection

in IDU (SP = 18% LFL) within 12 s, 120

g released, Cmax <15% LFL

E.g., AC on, 900 g R290, 2.5 mm hole (=

180 g/min), airflow 0.31 m3/s, 12 m2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

system off system on sys on;

check

temp; shut

valve

sys off;

shut valve

sys on; gas

detector;

shut valve

Re

frig

era

nt

cha

rge

[g

]

leaked not leaked

0

5

10

15

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250

Pre

ssu

re [

ba

r,g

]

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[%

LF

L]

Time [s]

Conc (% LFL)

p_evap

p_cond

Leak

start

Compr

off

Close

SOSV

Safety valves closed by gas detection

in IDU (SP = 18% LFL) within 12 s, 120

g released, Cmax <15% LFL

E.g., AC on, 900 g R290, 2.5 mm hole (=

180 g/min), airflow 0.31 m3/s, 12 m2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

system off system on sys on;

check

temp; shut

valve

sys off;

shut valve

sys on; gas

detector;

shut valve

Re

frig

era

nt

cha

rge

[g

]

leaked not leaked

Actively involved with safety analysis � Helping to evolve technical understanding, to help moving on from archaic and obstructive requirements

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

15:50:24 15:53:17 15:56:10 15:59:02 16:01:55 16:04:48 16:07:41

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[kg

/m3

]

#1: 1m in front, 1m high

#3: beneth unit, floor

#4: 0.5m in front, floor

#5: 1m in front, floor

#6: 1.5m in front, floor

#7: 1.5m to right, floor

#8: far corner, floor

Test no. 40

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

15:15:50 15:17:17 15:18:43 15:20:10 15:21:36 15:23:02

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[kg

/m3

]

#1: 1m in front, 1m high

#3: beneth unit, floor

#4: 0.5m in front, floor

#5: 1m in front, floor

#6: 1.5m in front, floor

#7: 1.5m to right, floor

#8: far corner, floor

Test no. 39

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6

Relea

se ra

te [g

/min

]

Time [mins]

When a leak happens, it either� Grows larger over time (from nothing)

� Occurs instantaneously and pressure decays over time

Decaying leak always results in lower concentration

0

5

10

15

20

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Pre

ssu

re [

ba

r,g

]

Time [s]

p_evap

p_cond

Leak start

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

15:50:24 15:53:17 15:56:10 15:59:02 16:01:55 16:04:48 16:07:41

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[kg

/m3

]

#1: 1m in front, 1m high

#3: beneth unit, floor

#4: 0.5m in front, floor

#5: 1m in front, floor

#6: 1.5m in front, floor

#7: 1.5m to right, floor

#8: far corner, floor

Test no. 40

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

15:15:50 15:17:17 15:18:43 15:20:10 15:21:36 15:23:02

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

[kg

/m3

]

#1: 1m in front, 1m high

#3: beneth unit, floor

#4: 0.5m in front, floor

#5: 1m in front, floor

#6: 1.5m in front, floor

#7: 1.5m to right, floor

#8: far corner, floor

Test no. 39

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6

Relea

se ra

te [g

/min

]

Time [mins]

When a leak happens, it either� Grows larger over time (from nothing)

� Occurs instantaneously and pressure decays over time

Decaying leak always results in lower concentration

0

5

10

15

20

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Pre

ssu

re [

ba

r,g

]

Time [s]

p_evap

p_cond

Leak start

page 6

IEC 60335-2-40 Edition 5.0 2013-12

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

Household and similar electrical appliances – Safet y – Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical h eat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers

®

colourinside

IEC 60335-2-40 Edition 5.0 2013-12

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

Household and similar electrical appliances – Safet y – Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical h eat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers

®

colourinside

IEC TC 61

IEC SC 61C

IEC SC 61D

WG9 WG16

International Electrotechnical(standard) Committees (IEC) and Working Groups

Support more flexible charge size limits and safety requirements to improve level of safety and enable more flexible design and application of HC ACs

page 7

Promotion of R290 AC by PROKLIMA

Introduced R290 AC to the following countries so far: • India, conversion of Godrej production line (200.000 units sold)• China, conversion of GREE production line• Colombia• Ghana • Kenya• Mauritius• Namibia• Seychelles

Introduction will follow in these countries: • Mexico• Indonesia • Thailand• Grenada, etc.

page 8

Example 1: Promoting R290 ACs in Ghana

� Under Green Cooling Initiative (BMUB funded)

� Trained technicians on natural refrigerants at Cool Training, Germany

� Imported two ACs and tools for vocational training centers and trained 25 technicians and ToT in Ghana

� Developed training curricula and introducing certification schemes

� Installed further 30 units for demonstration purposes and monitoring (performance, energy, emissions)

� Developing an incentive/market driven upscaling strategy

� Installation and monitoring of approx. additional 200 ACs

� Adjust national regulatory framework (e.g. standards)

page 9

Summary of Proklima R290 AC Approach

Step 1: Increase technical capacities of technicians (e.g. Cool Training)

Step 2: Import ACs and tools for vocational training centres, adjust curricula, introduce certification schemes

Step 3: Training of trainers (ToT) and technicians of AC companies

Step 4: Installation of ACs in controlled environment (demonstration project) by trained/certified technicians and monitoring of performance, energy, emissions

Step 5: Set up supply structures and incentive upscaling schemes

Step 6: Adjust national regulatory framework (standards) and policy (incentive schemes)

Step 7: Promote market driven upscaling. Only certified technicians are allowed to install and maintain R290 ACs

page 10

Supply and Demand Challenge

• Mutual influence between market supply and demand• No demand = no supply!• No supply = no demand!• Increasing demand with growing market penetration• Decreasing unit costs with increasing demand (economies of scale)

page 11

Thank you!

Questions? Contact:

[email protected]

GIZ Proklima International

www.giz.de/proklima

www.green-cooling-initative.org

Companies, Organisations, and Government Institutions aiming at a reduction of emissions from the cooling sectors. Become a member!