Prompt:• Think about how you felt about “buying

a better grade”. How would you feel about “buying a better reputation with God”? Would you do it? How would you feel about other people doing it? If people were allowed to do this today, what are some potential problems that could arise? (75 Words)

2

What were the events that led to The Protestant Reformation?

1300 – 1570 CE

Martin Luther: The Protestant Reformation

Definitions

ProtestTo express strong objection

ReformTo improve by correcting errors

Problems in the Church

• Corruption

• Political Conflicts

Corruption

• The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.

Advantages of Buying Indulgences

Go Directly to Heaven!

• Do not go to Hell!• Do not go to Purgatory!• Get through Purgatory faster!• Do not pass Go!

Political Conflict

KINGS AND QUEENSPOPES

Papal Schism

• In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy.• The pope threatened to excommunicate the king and

so was arrested. He was later released.• The next pope, Clement V, moved the headquarters

of the Church from Rome to Avignon in southern France.

• Many people felt that the French kings controlled the Church.

Rome Avignon

Three Popes!

• The next six popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory then moved the papacy back to Rome in 1377.

• When Gregory died, the French cardinals did not like the new pope in Rome, so they elected a different pope in Avignon.

• Later, a Church council elected a third pope.

Review

• Summarize the information covered so far with your neighbor.

2 minutes

• Write a summary in your notes.

2 minutes

Calls for Reform

• John Wycliffe (1330-1384)– Questioned the authority of

the pope

• Jan Hus (1370-1415)– Criticized the vast wealth of

the Church

• Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536)– Attacked corruption in the

Church

Martin Luther

Chain of Events• As you read pages 48 through 50, create a

“Chain of Events” that led to the Protestant Reformation.

What Happened Next?

The Catholic Church was the most powerful force in the world.

Who was Martin Luther?• Born in Germany in

1483.

• After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk.

• Lived in the city of Wittenberg.

• Died in 1546.

Luther Looks for Reforms• Luther criticized

Church practices, like selling indulgences.

• He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation.

• He nailed his Ninety-Five Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.

Protestant Teaching:Justification by Faith Alone

• The Bible is the only source of truth.

• People can read and understand the Bible themselves.

• Salvation comes only through faith in Christ.

Luther’s Bible

The Printing Press• Luther’s ideas spread

quickly with the help of the printing press.

• Luther’s supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide.

• Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.

Excommunication

• Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses.

• In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.

Excommunication

• Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms.

•  "Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen."

A New Church• Luther soon had many

followers.• His supporters began to

organize a new Christian denomination.

• Several German princes supported Luther.

• Lutherans and Catholics fought each other.

• The first wars ended with the Treaty of Augsburg, but fighting in Europe over religion continued to the mid-seventeenth century.

Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre

Lutheranism

• Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church.

• They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope.

• Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life.

Luther translated the Bible into

German

The Reformation spread to other countries.

• France and Switzerland:

John Calvin preached the idea of “predestination” and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation.

• England: King Henry VIII refused to

recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.

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The End

Vocabulary

• Indulgences• Martin Luther• Gutenberg Bible• Printing Press• Utopia• Heretic

• Anglican• Annul• Protestant• Lutheran• Reformation