pronouns subject, direct object, indirect object and prepositional
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PRONOUNS
Subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object and
Prepositional
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Subject pronouns are used to indicate the person or object who is or does in a sentence.
I am.Who are you?The cat sat on the mat. It sat on the mat.
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In Spanish, subject pronouns usually refer to people, and are not normally used for inanimate objects.
yo I
tú you (inf.)
él/ella he/she
usted you (formal)
(Ud.)
nosotros/ we nosotrasvosotros/ you vosotras (inf.)ellos/ellas they
ustedes you (Uds.) (formal)
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¡Hola! Yo soy jugadora de hockey.
¡Hola! Yo también soy jugador de hockey.
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¡Hola! Somos Juan y María. Nosotros somos amigos.
¡Nosotras somos las campeonas!
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¡Buenos días! ¿Cómo estás tú?
¡Gracias! ¡Qué amables sois vosotros!
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¿Cómo está usted?
Ustedes son de Canadá, ¿no?
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Ella es la reina de Egipto.
Fita y Pita son bailarinas.
Ellas son bailarinas.
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Juan es estudiante.
Él es estudiante.
Pito y Pato son doctores.
Ellos son doctores.
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Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns. These pronouns refer to people, animals or things already mentioned, and are used to avoid repeating the noun.
I don’t want that job! I don’t want it!
Can you see Pablo and Carlos? Can you see them?
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Direct Object Pronouns
me me
te you (fam.)
lo you (m.formal)
him, it (m.) la you (f.formal)
her, it (f.)
nos us
os you (fam.)
los you (formal&fam.)them (m.)
las you (formal&fam.)them (f.)
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Direct object pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb form.
El dragón lee el periódico.
El dragón lo lee.
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El extraterrestre nos saluda.
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Paco quiere a Paca.
Paco la quiere.
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¡Pero el jefe no quiere a sus empleados!
El jefe no los quiere.
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As well as coming before the conjugated verb, a direct object pronoun may also be attached to an infinitive...
Juan no puede contestar el teléfono.
No lo puede contestar.
No puede contestarlo.
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…or to a present participle. Careful! You may need a written accent.
El soldado está tocando la trompa.
La está tocando.Está tocándola.
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El gato no está tomando su leche.
El gato no la está tomando.
No está tomándola.
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¿No me vas a llamar?
¿No vas a llamarme?
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Indirect object pronouns tell to, from or for whom or what an action is done.
Will you buy me some milk?I asked her for help.The professor explained it to us.
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Indirect Object Pronouns
me to/for me
te to/for you(inf.)
le to/for you(formal),him, her,
it
nos to/for us
os to/for you(inf.)
les to/for you(formal),them
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Like the direct object pronoun, the indirect object pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb form.
Te mando una carta.
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The indirect object pronoun can also be attached to an infinitive or present participle. A written accent may be needed.
Juanito le está mandando flores a Marita.
Juanito está mandándole flores.
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El gato quiere tocarnos una melodía.
El gato nos quiere tocar una melodía.
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Use indirect object pronouns even when the indirect object is stated explicitly.
Papá Noël les trae regalos a los niños.
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To avoid ambiguity, le and les are often clarified with the preposition “a” + pronoun.
Les va a tocar una melodia a Uds. (for you).
Les va a tocar una melodia a ellos (for them).
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For emphasis or clarification, use a mí, a ti, a nosotros/as, or a vosotros/as with indirect object pronouns.
¿Te preparo una taza de té a ti?
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Prepositional pronouns are used after any preposition. Commonly-used prepositions are: a, de, en, para, por, sin, con, antes de, después de, etc.
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The prepositional pronouns have the same form as the subject pronuns, except for the first- and second-person singular.
mí meti youél him, itella her, itusted you (Ud.)
nosotros,as usvosotros,as youellos themellas themustedes you (Uds.)
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El carro choca contra el poste.
El carro choca contra él.
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¿Para quién es el regalo?
¿Es para ti?¿Es para
nosotros?¿Es para ella?¡No! ¡Es para
mí!
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¿Tienes miedo del monstruo?
¿Tienes miedo de él?
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The preposition con has irregular forms when used with the first-and second-person singular pronouns only. Así, ...
Conversan con sus amigos.
Conversan con ellos.
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Pero, ...
¡El extraterrestre quiere hablar contigo!
¡Estoy segura que no quiere hablar conmigo!