pronunciation of gurbani - sikh gurdwara · 2014-09-15 · most helpful grammar rules pronouns...
TRANSCRIPT
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Gurbani Grammar Key
Jap Ji Sahib Class: Lesson 2
Rochester Hills Gurdwara 2014
Ajmel Singh
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Learning Gurbani Pronunciation & Meanings
Major Hurdles: • Understanding Gurbani Grammar: “ u”, “ i ”, “mukqw”
• Mispronouncing words
• Misconceived word meanings
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Key Grammar Rules
The Lagan Matran are uniquely used in
Gurbani - Gurbani use of “ u”, “ i ” and “Mukta” with the last
letter of words drastically differ from Punjabi - use of “ u”, “ i ” extensive- especially the “ i ” - Creates difficulties in understanding meanings and
pronouncing words
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Significance of Lagan Matran lgWmwqRW dI mh~qqw
“gurbwxI AMdir AweIAW lgWmwqRW dI AgwD nyq Anuswr Ajyhy gurmiq AsUlW b~Dy (set) inXmW AMdir SoBnIk, moqIAW vWgUM jVIAW hoeIAW hn, ik iehnW qoN ibnW iksy BI gurvwk pMgqI dw Bwv bxdw hI nhIN[ ADUrw hI rihMdw hY[ pUrw hMdw hI nhIN[”… “ ivl~Kxqw meI vwDw ieh hY, ik iehnW lgWmwqRW AMdir inXmq hoey gurbwxI dw Bwv ieko hI rihMdw hY ”… rxDIr isMG
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules
The major difference between Punjabi and Gurbani is in Grammar. Gurbani uses “ u” , “ i ” with last letters
(consonants) of words : • Nouns
• Pronouns
• Adjectives
• Verbs etc.
“ u” , “ i ” or “Mukta” last letters create specific meanings
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” Nouns
“ u” for Nouns with the last letter of words
• Singular Masculine (Identity): nwnku, pRBu, rwhu, guru, swDu, sMqu, mnu, pMfqu, inMdku
hukmI hukmu clwey rwhu ] 2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” Removed “Mukta” Nouns
“ u” Removed when 1. Plural: rwh, sMq (sMqn), swD ilv Dwqu doie rwh hY hukmI kwr kmwie ] 87
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” Removed “Mukta” Nouns
“ u” Removed when 1. Plural: rwh, sMq (sMqn), swD 2. Singular feminine: dyh, cwl, Kyh
gwvY ko swij kry qnu Kyh] 2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” Removed “Mukta” Nouns
“ u” Removed when 1. Plural: rwh, sMq (sMqn), swD 2. Singular feminine: dyh, cwl, Kyh 3. With Prepositions (explicit/implicit): dw, dy, dI, kw, ky, kI gur pRswid ]1 Implicit
miq ivic rqn jvwhr mwixk jy iek gur kI isK suxI ]2 Explicit
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules
“ u” Removed “Mukta” Nouns
“ u” Removed when 1. Plural: rwh, sMq (sMqn), swD 2. Singular feminine: dyh, cwl, Kyh 3. With Prepositions (explicit/implicit): dw, dy, dI, kw, ky, kI 4. Vocative: nwnk, pRB, mn
nwnk Bgqw sdw ivgwsu ] 2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” Removed “Mukta” Nouns
“ u” Removed when 1. Plural: rwh, sMq (sMqn), swD 2. Singular feminine: dyh, cwl, Kyh 3. With Prepositions (explicit/implicit): dw, dy, dI, kw, ky, kI 4. Vocative: nwnk, pRB, mn 5. Compound words- 1st word: rwm nwmu rwm nwmu hir kIriq gwie kir cwnxu mgu dyKwieAw ] 1424
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Pronouns
Pronouns follow mostly the same rules as nouns
iehuu (singular masculine), ieh (singular feminine), ieih (Plural)
nw iehu bUfw nw iehu bwlw ]869 (singular masculine)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Pronouns (Continued)
Pronouns follow mostly the same rules as nouns
iehuu (singular masculine), ieh (singular feminine), ieih (Plural)
nw iehu bUfw nw iehu bwlw ]869 (singular masculine)
Cl nwigin isau myrI tUtin hoeI ] guir kihAw ieh JUTI DohI] 1347(singular feminine)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Pronouns (Continued)
Pronouns follow mostly the same rules as nouns
iehuu (singular masculine), ieh (singular feminine), ieih (Plural)
nw iehu bUfw nw iehu bwlw ]869 (singular masculine)
Cl nwigin isau myrI tUtin hoeI ] guir kihAw ieh JUTI DohI] 1347(singular feminine)
kyiqAw dUK BUK sd mwr ] eyih BI dwiq qyrI dwqwr ]25] 5 (Plural)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ i ” Prepositions (Identity)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, etc.
– Why? For Distinction: ivcuivcolw, AMdruihrdw, sMguswQ, mhmhInw
miq ivic rqn jvwhr mwixk jy iek gur kI isK suxI ]2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ i ” Prepositions (Identity)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, etc.
– Why? For Distinction: ivcuivcolw, AMdruihrdw, sMg uswQ, mhmhInw
miq ivic rqn jvwhr mwixk jy iek gur kI isK suxI ]2 (Preposition)
ivcuivcolw n koeI kir skY iks QY rovih roj ] 135 (Noun)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” and “ i” (Preposition Example)
iBsqu njIik rwKu rihmwnw ] Identify preposition & punctuate
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ u” and “ i” (Preposition Example)
iBsqu, njIik rwKu, rihmwnw]
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Feminine Nouns (Identity)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq
–Why? For Distinction: kwmxutUxw, kwmxtUxy, qruxjvwnI
miq ivic rqn jvwhr mwixk jy iek gur kI isK suxI ] 2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Masculine Nouns (Case)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity)
1. Nominative ‘ny’: nwniknwnk ny, prmysirprmySr ny, guirgurU ny
prmysir idqw bMnw ] 627
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Masculine Nouns (Case)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity)
1. Nominative ‘ny’: nwniknwnk ny, prmysirprmySr ny, guirgurU ny
2. Instrumental (nwl, rwhIN, duAwrw): sbidSbd rwhIN
jb lg sbid n BydIAY ikau sohY gurduAwir ] 19
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Masculine Nouns (Case)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity)
1. Nominative ‘ny’: nwniknwnk ny, prmysirprmySr ny, guirgurU ny
2. Instrumental (nwl, rwhIN, duAwrw): sbidSbd rwhIN
3. Ablative (qoN, pwsoN, koloN): EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN
EAMkwir bRhmw auqpiq ] 929
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Masculine Nouns (Case)
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity)
1. Nominative ‘ny’: nwniknwnk ny, prmysirprmySr ny, guirgurU ny
2. Instrumental (nwl, rwhIN, duAwrw): sbidSbd rwhIN
3. Ablative (qoN, pwsoN, koloN): EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN
4. Locative (iv~c, AMdr, auqy): GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
Bugiq igAwnu dieAw BMfwrix Git Git vwjih nwd ]6
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Past Perfect Participles
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
gwvY ko swij kry qnu Kyh]2
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Definitive Numbers
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
- Why? For Distinction: cwrsuMdr/sohxIAW, pMcphMcy hoey/gurmuK
- Some Don’t For Distiction: lK100000, liKvyK/jwx ky; Kt6, Kitkmw ky
mqI mrxu ivswirAw KusI kIqI idn cwir ]15 (Number)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Definitive Numbers
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
- Why? For Distinction: cwrsuMdr/sohxIAW, pMcphMcy hoey/gurmuK
- Some Don’t For Distiction: lK100000, liKvyK/jwx ky; Kt6, Kitkmw ky
mqI mrxu ivswirAw KusI kIqI idn cwir ]15 (Number)
gwvY ko gux vifAweIAw cwr ]2 (Beautiful)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Indefinite Plural Pronouns
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
6. Indefinite Plural Adjectives: siBswry, hoirhor, Avirhor/dUjy, ieikkeI
- Use Depends on Gender and Number: sBuSingular masculine, sBSingular feminine, siBPlural both genders
hukmY AMdir sBu ko bwhir hukm n koie ]1 sBu (Singular masculine)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Indefinite Plural Pronouns
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
6. Indefinite Plural Adjectives: siBswry, hoirhor, Avirhor/dUjy, ieikkeI
- Use Depends on Gender and Number: sBuSingular masculine, sBSingular feminine, siBPlural both genders
hukmY AMdir sBu ko bwhir hukm n koie ]1 (Singular masculine)
Awip nwQu nwQI sB jw kI iriD isiD Avrw swd ]6 (Singular feminine)
e
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Indefinite Plural Pronouns
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
6. Indefinite Plural Adjectives: siBswry, hoirhor, Avirhor/dUjy, ieikkeI
- Use Depends on Gender and Number: sBuSingular masculine, sBSingular feminine, siBPlural both genders
hukmY AMdir sBu ko bwhir hukmu n koie ]1 (Singular masculine)
Awip nwQu nwQI sB jw kI iriD isiD Avrw swd ]6 (Singular feminine)
siB gux qyry mY nwhI koie ]4 (Plural both genders)
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules “ i ” Use
“ i ” with the last letter of words 1. Prepositions (Identity): ivic, AMdir, sMig, nwil, mih, 2. Feminine (Identity): kwmix, qruix, suriq, miq, jugiq 3. Masculine Noun Case (Identity):nwniknwnk ny, sbidSbd rwhIN
EAMkwirEAMkwr qoN, GitsrIr/ihrdy iv~c
4. Past Perfect Participle: swijswj ky (Add ‘ky ‘after a verb)
5. Definitive Numbers: qIin3, cwir4, pMic5, ATsiT68
6. Indefinite Plural Adjectives: siBswry, hoirhor, Avirhor/dUjy, ieikkeI
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Adjectives
Adjectives follow the same rules as their accompanying nouns or pronouns
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Adjectives (Exercise)
kvx su vylw vKqu kvx kvx iQiq kvx vwru ] kvx is ruqI mwhu kvx ijqu hoAw Awkwru ] Correct adjective “kvx” all places by adding
appropriate Lag
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Most Helpful Grammar Rules Adjectives (Exercise)
kvxu su vylw, vKqu kvxu, kvx iQiq, kvxu vwru ] kvix is ruqI, mwhu kvxu, ijqu hoAw Awkwru ]
kvxu (with singular masculine), kvx (with singular feminine)
kvix(with plural)