ENGLISH CONSONANTAL SOUNDS

VOICELESS VOICED

/p/ pin /b/ bin

/t/ ten /d/ do

/k/ clock /g/ gone

/s/ some, peace /z/ zoo, cousin

/f/ fan /v/ very

/θ/ think /ð/ they

/ʃ/ she, sugar /ʒ / television

/tʃ/ chocolate /dʒ/ gin, fridge, job

/m/ me

/n/ no

/ŋ/ sing

/j/ you

/w/ well

/h/ hello

/l/ love

/r/ red

1. Pronunciation of /s/ and /z/

/s/

Usual spellings

s – see, smile, hopes

ss –class, necessary

c before <i, e, y> -city, face

sc before <i, e > -science, scene

se after consonant –false, course

Other spellings

se after vowel -house, case

x= / ks/-six, taxi

/z/

Usual spellings

z - zoo, crazy, quiz

zz - buzz, fuzzy

s between vowels -easy, reason, music

se after vowel – these, cause, use

-s-es ending -- plays, goes, comes, girl´s

Other spellings

s -is, was, has, his, always

ism -realism, journalism

Exceptions: dessert, scissors, posses, dissolves

PRACTICE 1

1- Read the following pairs

/s/ /z/I visited Sue I visited de zooThey are racing horses They are raising horsesIt´s a nice place to go He plays well.I think they are false I think they´re fallsDo you have any plants? Do you have any plans?

Remember 1. /s-/ at the beginning of words is not pronounce/es-/2. You have to pronounce the final /-s/

PRACTICE 2

2- Read the following sentences.1- He sleeps a lot.2- He studies French.

3- He´s studying French.4- She speaks English.

5- He is Spanish.6- She is form Spain

2. Pronunciation of the final “–S -ES ´S”

We add: -S -ES -´S

1. To nouns, to form the plural :

House / houses; Cat / Cats

2. To form the possessive case

This is the teacher´s bag.

3. To verbs, for the 3 rd person singular of the Present Simple

I talk / he talks; I play / she plays; I watch / he watches

PRONUNCIATION

1. /IZ/ (1 syllable is added)

-After sounds /s, z, tʃ , ʃ, ks, dʒ, ʒ/ (Después de los sonidos)

-Spelt : (Que se escriben)

s,ss kiss........../s/.........kisses ............../IZ/ James ....../s/.........James´ ............/IZ/

z,zz buzz......../z/ ........ buzzes ............/IZ/

sh,ch, tch wash......./ʃ/ ........washes march...../tʃ/ .........marches ........./IZ/ watch ...../tʃ/ ........ watches

x box ......./ks/ ........boxes ........./IZ/

se, ze, ce lose......../s/...........loses size ......./z/ ......... sizes ........../IZ/ dance ..../z/...........dances

ge language /dʒ/.........languages......./IZ/

2. /s/ or /z/ in all other cases

“-s, -es, ´s” = /s/ after voiceless consonants /p, t, k, f, θ/

Stop ..../Stop/........Stops....../s/

Start ..../t/.................starts....../s/

Think ..../k/...............thinks....../s/

Arrive ../f/.................arrives....../s/

Maths.../ θ /.................Maths..../s/

“-s, -es, ´s” = /z/

after voiced consonants /b, d, g, v, m, n, l, ŋ, ð/ and all vowelsstay......./stei/ ......stays ......./steiz/animal.................animals ..../z/animal.................dogs ........./z/

Attention!! “e” silent except in cases listed in 1.

Take....takes.....takes....../teiks/

Smile....smiles....smiles..../smails/

Mike....Mike´s....Mike´s..../Maiks/

Study....studies....studies..../stadis/

ride.......rides.......rides....../raids/

magazine....magazines......magazines....../m g zinz/

Exercises

1. Cross out the “e” in the –es endings when it is not pronounced

1. Gloves

2. Watches

3. Knives

4. Pages

5. Tomatoes

6. Exercises

7. Tomatoes

8. Practices

9. Completes

10. Cigarretes

2. Add a syllable. Read the questions

1. How many sentences did you write?

2. How many exercises did you do?

3. How many surprises did you receive?

4. How many languages do you speak?

5. How many sandwiches did you eat?

6. How many cigarretes did he smoke?

7. How many pairs of glasses have you got?

3. Write the plural of the nouns and third person singular of the verbs. Write /IZ/ next to the words that add one syllable. Croos out the “e” when it is not pronounced.

1. Word

2. Ask

3. Answer

4. Go

5. Arrive

6. Science

7. Dress

8. Talk

9. Minute

10. Go

11. Do

12. Time

4. Read the text

The phone rings: It´s one of Liza´s friends. She invites her to a party. She decides to go. She needs a dress. It´s terrible!! All her clothes are dirty. Actually, she hates doing the laundry. But she takes all the clothes and washes them. She has to iron the dress also and she does it. She goes to the party. She enjoys herself and comes back very late.