proof and driving mechanisms of plate...
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Proof and driving mechanisms of plate
tectonics
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Review• Layers of the earth: crust, mantle, outer core inner
core
• Detailed outer layers: continental crust, oceanic crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere
• Lithosphere = sphere of rock crust and outer edge of mantle
• Asthenosphere = out section of mantle just below asthenosphere where subduction occurs
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Plate Boundary Types• Convergent boundaries can occur as ocean - ocean,
ocean - continental, or continental - continental
• Convergent boundaries are when 2 plates collide
• Divergent boundaries are when 2 plates spread apart, generating new oceanic lithosphere
• Transform fault boundaries are when 2 plates slide along side one another without destruction of lithosphere
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Review• Continental drift theory has been supported by
the ideas of fossil records, plant life, and sea floor spreading
• Alfred Wegener proper the initial idea of continental drift
• A New Problem: not all plates move at the same speed...why???
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Describing Plate
Motion• Ridge Push
• Mantle Convection
• Slab pull
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Ridge Push
• As divergent plates move away fro one another, the upswell of molten magma concentrates along the divergent boundary
• The added force of magma “pushes” the two plates away from each other with added force
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Mantle Convection• Very hot, low density magma rises from the lower
mantle to the upper mantle
• As the magma cools, new minerals form and increase the density, which causes the molten magma to cycle back down towards the lower mantle
• The continuous cycle create a current affecting the lithosphere
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Slab Pull
• As large solid slabs of oceanic crust are subducted into the mantle, they pick up speed
• A suction force is created, from the magma around the plate resulting in an increased speed of plate subduction
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