prop 8 opinion
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
1/128
!"#$%&'()*+,)"-
!"#$%&'($)$%('*+!,$'+-')..%)/(
'-+,'$0%'"#"$0'*#,*!#$
1,#($#"'23'.%,,45'()"&,)'63
($#%,5'.)!/'$3'1)$)2#5'7%--,%4'73
8),,#//+9
'''''''''''''''''''''.:;
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
2/128
'''''''''''''''''''''&C?C=T;=>@9
0)1A(0#"G'H#//#)2'$)29
'''''''''''''''''''''#=>CDEC=FDA&C?C=T;=>9
''';=T
&%""#('0+//#"G(H+,$05'G)#/'73
1"#G0$5'2),$#"'-3'G!$#%,,%85
2),1')3'7)"((+"5
.,+$%*$2),,#)G%3*+2'A'4%('+"
]9')'.,+7%*$'+-'*)/#-+,"#)
,%"%H)/9';@'F??CDEC=FDA&C?C=T;=>@'A
)BBC::;=>@3
1,#($#"'23'.%,,45'()"&,)'63
($#%,5'.)!/'$3'1)$)2#5'7%--,%4'73
8),,#//+9
'''''''''''''''''''''.:;
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
3/128
2),1'63'0+,$+"9'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
4/128
AbA
"F3'VWAVXXYX[
)DPMCT';=T'(MNL>CT'&CJCLNCD'X9'\WVW
(;='-D;=J
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
5/128
A^A
@>;>M@9';::'B;D>I;>'.DFBF@'F=:K3'#>'@>D;>C9'FD';=K'F>ICD
;M>IFDIC'D'>F'FN>;F'TC@JDICDC?FDC'JFM:T'=F>'I;EC'NCC='C=;J>CT'>F';TE;=JC'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
6/128
AXA
NC?FDC'>IC'*FMD>3j'-.$*//&'(&0*1+/$%9'ZZY'!3(3'X\Y9'XZV'`VY^Wa3'HIC>ICD'M=TCD'>IC
*F=@>M>IC'D'>F'L;DDK9';'D'>I;>'I;@
:F=P'NCC='C=kFKCT'NK'FBBF@CA@Cd'JFMB:C@9'';=T'I'C'IC'DC@F:M>@'L;K'=F>';=T'@IFM:T
=F>';N@>;
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
7/128
A_A
6C?FDC'JF=@M>IC'D@'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'>F'L;DDK9'cC'?'TCJIC'F??F';BBC;:'>IC'TCJ
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
8/128
A]A
>IC'kMTPLC=>'C=>CDCT'NK'?FDLCD'*IIC'N;@IC'(>;>C'F?'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
9/128
AYA
;>$%$+?$&/
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
10/128
'$IC'* ;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
11/128
`333JF=>CDL@'F?'>IC'@>;>C'JF=@>M>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
12/128
AV\A
kM@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
13/128
AVZA
;=T'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'F='>IC'F>ICDj'ECT'>IC'CeM;:'BDF>CJ>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
14/128
AVbA
>IC' JFMD>' TC>CDLIC'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
15/128
AV^A
DCJFP=
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
16/128
AVXA
D@'l;D>CT'IC'F??CDL' hL;DDI C' M=>CD' F?' @>;>C
JF=@>M>' :C;EIC' F>ICD' Cd>DCLC:K' @
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
17/128
'$IC'TD'JFMD>'@MN@CeMC=>:K'TC=
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
18/128
`333JF=>'NK'>IDCC'=F=AB;D>K'FDP;=@R'CLCDPC=JK
BC>F'BDFIDDC;LF';'?Cc'?CTCD;:'JFMD>IFM@C@
;DFM=T'>IC'JFM=>DK3'$IC'(MBDCLC'*FMD>'>IC='PD;=>CT'.DFBF=C=>@R';BB:CLBFD;DK';=T'CEC=>M;::K'BCDL;=C=>'@>;K'F?'>IC'NDF;TJ;@>3'D"441+8,."%/ICD'>IIC'@BFM@C@';DC'F?'>IC'@;LC'FD'FBBF@C
@CdC@9'13(';>'YXYA_W5'`Za'TFLC@>F'L;DDK'cFM:T'=F>
;??CJ>'>IC'=MLNCD'FD'@>;NIC'JI@'L;DDK9';=T'>ICK'?;DC'kM@>';@'cC::';@
JI@9' 13(' ;>' Y_Z9' Y]WA]V5' `Xa' .DFBF@F'L;DDK'NM>'T';=K'F>ICD'@MN@>;=>ICK'C=kFKCT9' 13(';>'Y__5';=T'`]a
>IC'J;LB;' L;TC' CK' ?CT' >IC
DC:CE;=>'JF=J:M@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
19/128
'H IFM>'CdB:;=;>CD';'@CB;D;>C'TCJ:;D;>FDK^
kMTPLC=>';@'.:;
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
20/128
' HC' E;J;>CT' @MNL' FMD' eMC@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
21/128
'):>IFMPI'cC'DCPDC>'>IC'TC:;K'>I;>'FMD'=CCT'>F'DC@F:EC'>IC'>I;>'>IF'>IC'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
22/128
A\\A
CDEC=C';@';'TC?C=T;=>9';=T';>C'#G,/'NC'BCDL>CT'>F'CDEC=C'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
23/128
'(CC';:@F'!1?
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
24/128
A\bA
`VYY_a9'>F'JFLL;=T';'@>;>C'>F'>;SC'Fc=CD@IC'PC=CD;>CT'cIF'T;>C'cICDC';'@>;>C'@I;::
:FJ;>C'@'J;B;:9',$$&:"54$&'(&-#1/'=CCT'TC>CDLI;>
>IC'@>;>C'I;@'@M??CDCT';'I;DL'@M??IC'B;D>K'@CCSF';>C'>F'DCBDC@C=>'@'CDC@>
I;>'I;DL3
.DFBF=C=>@' J:;' >IC' CDC@>' F?' >IC' .CFB:C' F?' *;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
25/128
A\^A
0CDC9'M=:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
26/128
A\XA
HC';DC'NFM=T'>F';JJCB>'>IC'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
27/128
A\_A
#>'L;>>CD@'=F>'cIC>ICD'?CTCD;:'JFMD>@'>I
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
28/128
A\]A
Fc='CDC@>@3j'23('.:;
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
29/128
A\YA
H*%/1?G4*%1E$3&1+/$%$,/&IFDK'>F';@@CD>'>IC'-/*/$J,
1+/$%$,/'IC':;>>CD'>KBC'F?'CDC@>3'0$%%5&K229'VZb'*;:3',B>D3'ZT';>
^V^'`i6CJ;M@C'lFMDm'JF=J:M@@';DC';M>IFD'>IC'(>;>CR@
CDC@>m'F'@MBBFD>';=';??F'>IC'eMC@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
30/128
' :>(&:1/5&">&N",&B+8$4$,&'(&N5"+,9'bXV'!3(3'Y^9'VVZ'`VY]Za'`il$mIC'@>;>C'JFMD>@
VW
=CCT'=F>'IC'@;LC'@>;=TI;>'PFECD='?CTCD;:AJFMD>
BDFJCCTICF' M@C' IC'JF=TMJ>'F?':;c'C=?FDJCLC=>';M>IFDIIC'DF:C'F?';'?CTCD;:'JFMD>'3'3'3'3ja3
AZWA
$F'NC'J:C;D9'cC'TF'=F>'@MPPC@>'>I;>'@>;>C':;c'I;@';=K'iBFcCD'T:K'>F'C=:;DPC
FD'JF=>D;J>'?CTCD;:'kMD
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
31/128
AZVA
;BBC::;=>@'ICDC3'$ICK'BF@@C@@')D>;=TC'>IR@'kMTPLC=>'IC'TD'JFMD>R@'TCJ';'BCDL;=C=>''cC'DCECDLI;>'TCJ;=T;DT' >I;>' ;BB:I'*
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
32/128
AZ\A
M@M;::K' JF=JCD=' lF=:Km'>IC' ' ;DC'PC=CD;:'?;J>@'cIIC
>DICD'@FLC'F?'>IC'TD'JFMD>R@'?CD@3j'HC'=CCT'=F>'DC@F:EC'cI;>'@>;=T;DT'F?'DCEF';=K'@MJI'?F'cIIF@C'JF=JCD='F?'.DFBF@I;>
.DFBF=C=>@'JFLLM=CT'>F'>IC'EF>CD@'>F'C=JFMD;PC'>IC3Rj
9*%,IC
TD'JFMD>'>I;>'L;>>CD@' >F' FMD';=;:K@I;>' ilTmFLC@>IC' T
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
33/128
AZZA
>ICDC?FDC' TFC@' =F>' I' @>;=T;DT' cC' M@C' >F' DCE(&N"?C'M:>C:K'N;@C'FMD'TCJM;:R' ?;=T;DT' F?' DCE;=T;DT'F?',M:C'^\`;a';BB:IC'S@';>'F'>IC'LCD@'F?'.DFBF@M>IC'&MC'.DFJC@@'*:;M@C9',$$&0$%%5&2K9'_Wb'-3' (MBB3'\T' ;>' YYVAY^5';=T'@CJF=T9'
CdJ:MTC@'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'?DFL'@>;>CA@BF=@FDCT'L;DDF'>I;>'IF=FDCT'@>;>M@9'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
34/128
AZbA
>;DPC>CT'?FD'>IC'TCBDI' ;BB:IC' @BCJ
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
35/128
'#='DCkCJ>'>I;>'.DFBF@;>C'JF=@>M>;>C@
>IC'C??CJ>'F?'.DFBF@;:'@>;>C'JF=@>M>F' @MPPC@>' >I;>' >IC' BDFBF@M>CJ>;>C'CeM;:'BDF>CJ>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
36/128
AZXA
;=T'NC=C?@j';@';='FBBF@CA@Cd'M=@'>ICL'i>F'>IC'@;LC'DC@BF=@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
37/128
AZ_A
.DFBF@'>IC@C'D@'FD';=K'F?'>IC'F>ICD''ihJF=@>M>CCT'>F'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@';=T'>IC' XV' `eMF>' b Zba3' #=' ;T FB >IC'.CFB:C'@IC'TC@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
38/128
AZ]A
@>;>C';=T'>IC'JFLLM=K9';=T'>I;>'@CDEC@';@';'@KLNF:9':'Y_V3
HC' =CCT' JF=@IC' L;=K' c;K@' IC' cFDT
hL;DD
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
39/128
' :>(&9*%%1*8$&:*,$,9'V]Z'.3ZT';>'bZbAZ^'`il&mD;cF'>IC'?;LIFMPI'>IC'M=TCD:K
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
40/128
`333JF=>F' >IC' ?;LIC'IFDIC'JF=@>M>F'L;DDK3ja3
AbWA
HC'@C>'>I'CE;:M;>C'.DFBF@M>M;:';=T'@BCJ'>IC'FFS';c;K'>IC'@>;>M@';=T'>IC'TIC'iF??I;>'>IC
?;L'F?'JFLB;D;N:C'@>;>MDC'FD'CeM;:'TF'>IC'?;L'b^\3
$IC'eMC@>ICDC?FDC'JF=@IIC'.CFB:C'F?'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
41/128
AbVA
.DFBF=C=>@'DC@'>IIC'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
42/128
Ab\A
PDFMB' >IC' D' >F' FN>;CD';'cCCS9';'KC;D9'FD';'TCJ;TC3'$IC';J>II;='TFC@' >IC'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
43/128
AbZA
T3'##9'o'ZWN3
)LC=TLC=>'\' c;@'BDFBF@CT'F' ;'=MLNCD'F?':FJ;:'FDT'\'c;@'i>F'DCBC;:j'>IF@C':FJ;:':;c@';=T'i>F'BDFI;:
C=>K'?DFL';TFB>CJ>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
44/128
' !"#$%'T'\9'CEC='>IFMPI'>ICVZ
;LC=TLC=>' >;DPC>CT' P;K@' ;=T' :C@N
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
45/128
Ab^A
TCJDCC'3'3'3'BM>l@m'lIFLF@CdM;:@m'Fj';=';=>';@BCJ>
F?'IML;='DC:;>F';LC=T'>IC'(>;>C'*F=@>M>IC
kMTPLC=>'F?'>IC'TD'JFMD>3
$F'NC'@MDC9'>ICDC';DC'@FLC'T
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
46/128
AbXA
I;@' ;' :C@@' @cCCBI;=' T' \3'"CECD>IC:C@@9' .DFBF@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
47/128
'6CJ;M@C'cC' TF'=F>';TTDC@@'>IC'eMC@>IC'JF=@>M>&S$.&M"%C&BG/ICL9'IFcCECD9'i>I;='c;@' C@@C=>;' DC@F:ECT9' ;=T' =F
DC@F:M>ICL'L;K'NC'IC'JF=@>M>'6*C$%&cFM:T'PFECD=
>I;>'eMC@>'iTFJ>D
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
48/128
Ab]A
BMD@MC9'=F>'kM@>'F=C'>I;>'cFM:T'NC':CPC'?FD';'BDC';J>FD3' -$$&13(&;>'XZ\9'XZ^3
$IC'eMC@>IC=9'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
49/128
'#=TCCT9';@'>IC'*FMD>'FN@CDECT9'=F>'F=:K'TFC@'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'=F>V^
BDFIM>C3'!"#$%9'^V_'!3(3';>'X\]`CLBI;@IC'*FLLCDJC'*:;M@Ca3
AbYA
PC=CD;::K'>IDFMPIFM>'>IC'!=CT'(>;>C@3Rj'.DFBF=C=>@R',CB:K'6D3'_X'`eMF>II;>'cCDC'DCBC;:CT'NK')LC=TLC=>
\'CJ>3 ',;>ICD9'il@m>;>C@'I;lTm'?
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
50/128
'$IC'BDF>CJ>VX
cIC>ICD'>IC',/*/$'">&/CD')LC=TLC=>'\'c;@'JF=@>M>
>I;>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'TCJ>IC'?'\'C??CJ>CT'JFM:T'NC'kM@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
51/128
A^VA
:CPC'DC;@F='?FD'cITD;cIC'?'B:;JC3'$IM@9
cIC='*F=PDC@@9'I;EF'BDFE;LB@'>F'>IC'BFFD''>F'CdJ:MTC'IFM@CIF:T@'F?'M=DC:;>CT'
M=JF=@>M>M>C';'4$81/1#*/$&PFECD=LC=>;:'CDC@>3j' R(-(&=$HJ/&">&B8%1?(&'(
9"%$+"9'bVZ'!3(3'^\]9'^Zb'`VY_Za3'#='NF>I'!"#$%&;=T'9"%$+"9'>IC'JF=@>M>IC'(MBDCLC'*FMD>'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
52/128
')TT'@>;>CT'>I;>''icFM:T'=F>'CDBDC>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>IV_
)LC=TLC=>'>F'DCeMF';TICDC'>F';'kMTM>I;>'*F=@>M>@'?"%39'b^]'!3(3';>'^bW3'#='C=;J>'iTCJ:;DC'>IC
@>;>C'F?'>IC':;c';@''CdCT'cIC='>IC'9*%%1*8$&:*,$,'TCJ;N:;>C'JF=@>M>I;>';LC=TCT'>IC
JI;D>CDR@'>Cd>'>F'@MBCD@CTC'>IC'BDCE
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
53/128
`333JF=>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
54/128
'' -$$ '.C>"%3'JF=>DF:@'>IIC'B;JS;PC'F?'JI;>'BDFEIC'*F=@>M>'J;='PD;=>'LFDC'BDF>CJ>I;='>I;>'DCeMIC'!=CT'(>;>C@'*F=@>M>;>C'FD':FJ;:'PFECD=LC=>'J;=
;:@F' DC@J
DCCd>C=@'JFLL>I3'W*,
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
55/128
')@' cC'I;EC'=F>CT9'cC' =CCT'=F>'JF=@IC'DC@M:>'cC'TF3'-$$&,GH%*&=F>C
VZ3
A^^A
cIC>ICD'FD'=F>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'DCeM'>ICDC?FDC'TCJ'Cd@'>I;>
kM@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
56/128
A^XA
J;==F>'I;EC'NCC='D;>ICK';DC':CPC
@>;>C'CDC@>@3
7
$IC'BD@'F??CD'?FD'.DFBF@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
57/128
'-FD'>IC'DC;@F=@'CdB:;"%&)UG*4&0%"/$?/1"+&'(&6%G+1+89\W
b^^'-3ZT']^Y'`]>I'*IC' ?;J>' >I;>' .DFBF@' ;J>' *;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
58/128
`333JF=>CD'@
C=;J>LC=>3
.DFBF=C=>@R'@CJF=T';DPMLC=>'ICDC'IC'TC@' ?FD'@;LCA@Cd' JFMB:C@'>F' C=P;PC'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
59/128
'2FDCFECD9'T"
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
60/128
AXWA
!=TCD!"#$%9''
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
61/128
AXVA
J;=JC3'$IC' @;LC' ' >I;>' 'F
Cd>C=T'>IC'D'>F'M@C'>IC'TC@'BDFJDC;>C9
NCJ;M@C'>IC'BMDBF@C'F?'>IC'TC@F'DCc;DT'JFMB:C@'cIF'BDFJDC;>C'DC@BF=@F'BDFJDC;>C'>F'L;DDK'?3'HI;>CECD'LCD'>I'L;K'I;ECg;=T';P;IC';DPMLC=>
F';'?;IC'TC@IC'?'B:;JC5''F';'LC;@MDC'.1/ICL9';=T
F=:K'>ICL9'M@C'F?'>I;>'TC@@' F?' @FLC' ;L
.DFBF@'F=:K'BDFLF>C@'DC@BF=@>CD'NM>'BDFLF>C@'>IC'@'IC'M>';TE;=JC@'>IC'@FJ@' BDFJDC;>I;>'I;@'BDFEC='LF@>':IC'DC;DCD@'>IC'@>;>C':;c@'>I;>'PFECD='JIF'>IC':;c@'DCP;DTDMJ>MDC3')@' NC?FDC
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 61 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
62/128
'$IC'T
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
63/128
AXZA
BCD>';@BCJ>@'F?'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
64/128
'$IC'FECD'V]9WWW'JFMB:C@'>I;>'TCT'LFDC'>I;='F=CA>I
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
65/128
`333JF=>'LC;=>9'C;T9'>F'C??CJ>';'BCDL;=C=>'N;='F=';:JFIF:3
AX^A
N;DDIC' :CP
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
66/128
'#='*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
67/128
AX_A
>I;>'CEC='NC?FDC'.DFBF@F'JI;=PC'@'DC:IC'DC:I;>'.DFBF@IC' :
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
68/128
AX]A
@Cd'L;DDIC'@;LC';@'>D;TIC' QF>CD' #=?FDL;>' ^Xa' `CLBI;@'VZAV^3'4C>';P;CD'.DFBF@;DF:'FECD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'@MJI':C@@F=@3')=T'NF>I'NC?FDC';=T';?>CD'.DFBF@;MPI>'>IC'@MBCDICDC?FDC'TIC=9'>IC'D@'F?
@JIFF:@'>F'JF=>DF:'>IC@'>F'JF=>DF:'>ICC=@IC'TC@F
@;LCA@Cd'B;D>=CD@ICD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'>IC':C@@F=@'>I;>'@JIFF:@'JIFF@C'>F
>C;JI3'(JIFF:@'>C;JI';NFM>'>IC'cFD:T';@''IC'cFD:T'JI;=PC@9':C@@F=@'JI;=PC3
)'@I';>CR@'L;DD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'J:;@@DFFL
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 68 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
69/128
AXYA
DMJ>IC' C:CJ>9'FD'>IC';TFB>'T'>IC@C';@'CLBICL3'6M>'>F'BDF>C@>'>IC
>C;JIIC@C'?;J>@'
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
70/128
A_WA
;=>=CD@9'TIC'>I@'=Fc'@MPPC@>'cCDC'@'BMDBF@C@3'.DFBF@IC@C'B;D>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
71/128
A_VA
)LC=TLC=>'\'JFM:T'=F>'NC'kM@>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
72/128
A_\A
DC>MD=' >F'>IC'B;@>'cFM:T' BDFTMJC9' ;LFM=>@'>F' ;='IC'T;PC'F'*;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
73/128
A_ZA
*&?4*,,';=T'TF'DCJCIC'(>;>C'L;SC@';E;F'B;@@'kMTPLC=>'F='@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@';@'BCFB:C3'7M@>';@'>IC
JDF'@MNkCJ>'IFLF@CdM;:
BCD@F=@'>F'TFF'TFC@'>IC'C:F'M@C'>IC'F??I;>'>ICK'C=kFK';':C@@CD'@FJ;:
@>;>M@3' #=TCCT9' NCJ;M@C' :;c@' ;??CJ>C
;SC'F'L;DDK'cIFLg;@'LMJI';@'>ICK'DCPM:;>C'@>;>M@9'>IC
(MBDCLC' *FMD>' I;@' iTCJ:M@' ;=T' JF=TMJ>' IC' ;E;'>IC'cFD>I
;=T'T
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
74/128
A_bA
7M@>' ;@' ;' iTC@' JF=@>M>C' ;' 4$81/1#*/$& PFECD=LC=>;:
CDC@>9j'9"%$+"9'bVZ'!3(3';>'^Zb9'=CICD'J;=';'LFDC'N;@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
75/128
')'JF=>Cd>M;:'CE;:M;>I'M@C?M:';=T';BBDFBDC';@'B;D>'F?'>IC'iJ;DC?M:\X
JF=@'C=P;PC'cIC='?;JCT'cI'ilTmI'*'bXZ3'
A_^A
8
$IC'imIC'J;LB;F'FBBF@CA@Cd'DC:;>'YYW3'$C:CEI;>'BCFB:C'F?'?;I';=T'DC:CJ>CT'?DFL'CdBF@MDC'>F'P;K'BCFB:C';=T'>ICCT';JJ;::K3'$IC'@>D;>CP@'DC@BF=@IC'J;LB;F'>IC'TCPDCC'F?
>F:CD;=JC' *;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
76/128
A_XA
(JIMNCD>'O'7C??'-:9'0*,,1+8&0%"H&I9'.F:CT'>F'EF>CD@'CDCF>KBC@'F?'P;K@';=T':C@NIDC;>@'>F'JI
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
77/128
A__A
C=TCT'>F'KDMJ>MDC'F?'?;LCD'>F'E;J;>C'>IC'kMTPLC=>'F='>IC
N;@F' DCJM@C' I'>I;>'JFM:T'NC'@MN@>;=>JFLC'F?'>IC
BDFJCCTI;>'\]'!3(3*3'o'b^^`;a'FN:CT'IF'DCJM@C'IF
TC=>
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
78/128
A_]A
eMC@>F'cIFL'>ICD'*I9'TC='BDFBCD:K'IC:T'>I;>''I;T'kMDI;>'>IC'LF>I;>'*IF
TC=>'>I;>';'kMTPC
iJFM:T' NC' ;??CJ>CT' NK' >IC' FM>JFLC' F?' ;' BDFJCCTIC' @;LC'c;K' >I;>' F>ICD
LCLNCD@'F?'>IC'PC=CD;:'BMN:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
79/128
A_YA
JFMD>R@'TC=F'E;J;>C'>IC'kMTPLC=>'?FD';=';NM@C'F?'T
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
80/128
'$IC'@>;K'BC=TC3
A]WA
>I'TFMN>'>IC';=JC'F?'>IC'LFDC'PC=CD;:'eMC@>IC'D@'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'>F'L;DDK9'=FD'TF'cC'TFMN>'>I;>'>IC@C
eMC@>IC'=;>F' JF=J:MTC' >I;>' >IC' .CFB:C' F?' *;:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
81/128
A]VA
*"&-3.($()3,)-;
-7??@?A
$ICFTFDC'73'6FM>DFM@9'7D39'*IDFBICD'&3'&M@@C;M:>9'$IC;=C'%E;=PC:>ICc'&3'2JG
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
82/128
A]\A
/FM>@'-;L
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
83/128
A]ZA
2F@C@9'!3(3' *F=?CDC=JC'F?' *;>IF:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
84/128
A]bA
+DP;=F=9'+,5'?FD')LF9'*)5'?FD')L>FD=CK'GC=CD;:5'$IFL;@'23'-K' )>>FD=CK' GC=CD;:9' (>;>C' F?' #=TJIC::9'(F:K'(F:;>C'F?'QC'F?'2C'*I>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'#T;IF5'7F='6DM=CD9')>>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'(FM>I'*;DF:>FD=CK
GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'!>;I5'6DMJC')3'(;:fNMDP9')>>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'HKFL
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
85/128
A]^A
6;K'/;',;f;'/;cKCD@')@@FJ
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
86/128
A]XA
) TCD@F= ' - D;=uFf9'2;=;>>9'.IC:B@'O'.ICD'&C::F=' 2C>:@SK9' +R2C:EC=K' O' 2KCD@' //.9
H;@IF=9'&3*35'?FD')L
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
87/128
A]_A
7F='H3'&;E
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
88/128
A]]A
*C=>CD9')@
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
89/128
A]YA
;=T'%:I'+3'G
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
90/128
!
!"##$%&'%(#)*+"#$%!'(!))*)
$&+,-./0"#1234526#7589:"#4%;45332;9#2;#>:;62;9#2;##=;=EC>2>#=;8#8:42>2%;>#2;##...#=;8#F.#%G#26>
%:;#6%#?326:#>:62;952>@2;9#2>#G3%A#?@=6#A=C#L:#=;6242S:8#6%#4%;>28:3#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#K=E2826C#%G#J3%262%;#P#5;8:3#6@:
!"#$%
!$&'()'*(+*
,-##.'/0'%1.$23'/#$245060'/-527'-!'899$8#6
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 90 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
91/128
N
G:8:3=E#1%;>626562%;#/@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,5#=E3:=8C#2;6:3#3=2>:8#@:3:#=3:#6@:#>=A:#=>#6@%>:#3:B:46:8#2;
(,;"#"#=;8#6@:#4E=2A>#=3:#6@:3:G%3:#G%3:4E%>:8#LC#6@=6#8:42>2%;#/@:#A=B%326C
82>:>#?26@#(,;"##2;#=#G%%6;%6:#0%?:K:3"#%6@:3#G:8:3=E#4%536>#@=K:#2;824=6:8
6@=6#(,;"#"#2G#26#2>#;%6#4%;63%EE2;9"#=6#E:=>6#>6=;8>#G%3#:]:342>2;9#T3:>63=2;6U#?@:;#26
4%A:>#6%#=883:>>2;9#85:#>#=;8#:[5=E##=9=2;>6#E=?>
=A:(>:]#4%5#=3/3>"+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+%&'
(#6+3+A"#XYY#^&W8#PY*"#PV'#HP6@#123N'')IM#-""%,2-)%B32-)+%&'%C;""#WYX#^,5
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
92/128
W
Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5D#4E=2A>"#%;:
A5>6#G%EE%?#26#%3#82>62;952>@#26&
#"
.;#(,;"#%&'%:#LC#=#-2;;:>%6=
4%5;6C#4E:3S#!*!#$&`&N8#!PY"#!PY#H-2;;!*V!I#O:4=5>:#6@:C#?:3:#8:;2:8#6@:
E24:;>:"#6@:#6?%#A:;#G2E:8#>526#=>S2;9#6@=6#6@:#4%536#G%34:#6@:#4E:3S#6%#93=;6#6@:
E24:;>:%D7'##.;#-2;;:>%6=#,6=656:>#4Y!V"#6@:#-2;;:>%6=#>6=6:#E:92>E=653:#@=8
4%82G2:8#6@=6#6@:#>6=6:#T8a28b#;%6#=56@%32R:#A=332=9:#L:6?::;#%;>#%G#6@:#>=A:
>:]&U##D7'#=6#!P)#Z;#=%6=#>6=656:>#=A:(>:]
4%5#8:;2:8#6@:##T6@:#:[5=E#U#=>#95=3=;6::8#LC
6@:#^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#D7'##/@:#-2;;:>%6=#,5#;%6#%GG:;8:8#LC#6@:
>6=6:D>#4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#%;>#=56@%32R:8#6%#A=33C&U##D7'#=6#!PV#Z;#=
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
93/128
X
?@24@#6@:#A=332=9:#3:E=62%;#L:6?::;#26>#%?;#4262R:;>#>@=EE#L:#43:826:8#&U#
!"++)$"#%&'%#@=K2;9
A%3:#6%#8%#?26@#6@:#A%3=E>#=;8#42K2E2R=62%;#%G#=#:;62=E#6%#4%;>62656:#A=332=9:"#6@:#8562:>#=;8
%LE29=62%;>#26#43:=6:>"#26>#:GG:46>#5#?@24@#A=C#4%;>62656:#93%5;8>
G%3#26>#82>>%E562%;&
F,$+,#7%&'%9322"#!NY#Q&,!*'"#N'Y#H!PPPI&
\>#75>624:#,6:?=36#%#4%;4533:;4:#2;#G,H2)4;3%&'%I"75,32"#=#,6=6:#
A=C#2;#A=;C#42345A>6=;4:>#=L>%E56:EC#=C#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#@2>#%3
@:3#>2LE2;9"#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?@%#2>#;%6#=6#E:=>6#!X#C:=3>#%E8"#6@=6
;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?26@%56#G23>6#>2;9#=;#:]=A2;=62%;#G%3#K:;:3:=E
82>:=>:"#%3#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?@%#@=>#=#E2K2;9#@5>L=;8#%3#?2G:&
XWX#Q&,WVX"#W*N#H!*VPI#H,6:?=36"#7&"#4%;45332;9I&
/@:#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E#%G#=;#=6=;62=E#G:8:3=E
[5:>62%;#2>#=#8:42>2%;#%;#6@:#A:326>#934;-%&'%F3#,+7,"#XNN#Q&,WWN"#WXX#H!*VYI
TaQb;E:>>#=;8#5;62E#6@:#,5@%5E8#2;>63546#%6@:3?2>:"#2;G:32%3#G:8:3=E
4%536>#@=8#L:>6#=8@:3:#6%#6@:#K2:?#6@=6#2G#6@:#1%536#@=>#L3=;8:8#=#[5:>62%;#=>
5;>5L>6=;62=E"#26#3:A=2;>#>%#:]4:
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
94/128
Y
%6@:3?2>:#&U#%D7'#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#Tadb%?:3#4%536>#=3:#L%5;8
LC#>5AA=3C#8:42>2%;>#LC#a6@:#,554@#62A:#=>#6@:#1%536#2;G%3A>
H6@:AI#6@=6#H6@:CI#=3:#;%6&U##D7'#=6#WXXcXY#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I
T,5AA=3C#R>A2>>=E>#G%3#?=;6#%G#=#>5L>6=;62=E#G:8:3=E#[5:>62%;#:B:46#6@:
>#:;6:8#2;#6@:#>6=6:A:;6#%G#B532>82462%;#=;8#8%#E:=K:
5;82>653L:8#6@:#B589A:;6#=>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC
8:428:8#LC#6@%>:#=462%;>&U##F,+7"2%&'%(#,72"$"#XWN#Q&,!VW"#!V)#H!*VVI#H"#Ta=b#>5AA=3C#82>262%;#=GG23A>#%;EC#6@:#B589A:;6#%G#6@:#4%536
L:E%?"#=;8#;%#A%3:#A=C#L:#3:=8#2;6%#a6@:b#=462%;#6@=;#?=>#:>>:;62=E#6%#>5>6=2;#6@=6
B589A:;6&U##D22'%8/,/"%(7'%)0%?2"4/3)+-%&'%8)43,23-/%B)#;"#-%!,#/$"#XX'#Q&,!VW"
!PNcPW#H!*V*I#H426=62%;#%A266:8I#Te5:>62%;>#?@24@#fA:3:EC#E53S#2;#6@:#3:4%38D#=3:
;%6#3:>%EK:8"#=;8#;%#3:>%E562%;#%G#6@:A#A=C#L:#2;G:33:8&U##D7'%=6#!PW#H426=62%;
%A266:8I&
/@:#B532>82462%;=E#>6=6:A:;6>#:;6:8#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5#G%EE%?>g
!#`@:6@:3#==E#6%#>=;462GC#=
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
95/128
)
>6=656:>"#6%#>=;462GC#=:#L%6@#=3:#%G#6@:#A=E:
>:]#K2%E=6:>#6@:23#329@6>#5;8:3#6@:#:[5=E#:#%G#6@:
^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6&
W#`@:6@:3#==E#6%#>=;462GC#=6#=883:>>#?@:6@:3#6@:#[5:>62%;#L:G%3:#5>#2;K%EK:>#T6@:#:
2>>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC#8:428:8#LCU#(,;"#%&'%54@#6@=6#6@:
,5#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E#?%5E8#@=K:#>5:>#?:3:#:;6:8#G%3#3:K2:?g
!#`@:6@:3#aJ3%b#@=K:#>6=;82;9#6%#=
B589A:;6&
N#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#K2%E=6:>#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>#1E=5>:#%G#6@:
^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#1%;>626562%;&
W#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#K2%E=6:>#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#%G#6@:
^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#1%;>626562%;&
JE=2;62GG(.;6:3K:;%3#126C#=;8#1%5;6C#%G#,=;#^3=;42>4%#H@:3:2;=G6:3#,=;#^3=;42>4%I
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 95 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
96/128
##`@:6@:3#=A:(>:]#4%5#K2%E=6:>#85:#>!
?=>#=;#2>>5:#:;6:8#=;8#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#%&'%63246
4%536#8:6:3A2;:8#6@=6#T#>::S#6%#:]:342>:#6@:23#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%#A=33C
5;8:3#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>#1E=5>:"U#!"##$%&'%845*,#>"+"AA"#"#V'X#^,5>#1E=5>:"
L:4=5>:#26#8:;2:8#JE=2;62GG>#6@2>#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#=;8#828#;%6#?26@>6=;8#>63246
>43562;C#D7'#=6#**Xc*Y#O56#2;#(,;"#"#6@:#-2;;:>%6=#,5:]#4%5#828#;%6#%GG:;8#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>
1E=5>:##!*!#$&`&W8#=6#!P)cPV#O:4=5>:#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,562%;#=>#5;>5L>6=;62=EU#2;#26>#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E"#6@:#85:
>#2>>5:#T3:A=2;>#>%#:]4::&U#
934;-%&'%F3#,+7,"#XNN#Q&,=6#WXX#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#/@:#Q;26:8
,6=6:>#,5:>#G%EE%?2;9#(,;"#%8%#;%6#>599:>6#=;C#>54@#8%4632;=E
8:K:E%#@=K:#%44533:8#8"":%"'A'"#J,*#"+4"%&'%K"L,-"#YW*#Q&,YYP"#YVPHN''WI#HTa/@2>#4=>:b#8%:>#;%6#2;K%EK:#?@:6@:3#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#A5>6#92K:#G%3A=E
3:4%9;262%;#6%#=;C#3:E=62%;>@2:]5=E#%;>#>::S#6%#:;6:3&U#H2;6:3;=E
[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8II&
V
:;6:8#6@:#G%EE%?2;9#=88262%;=E#2>>5:#G%3#3:K2:?g
!#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P"#=#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6#=8%
=;8#9=C#A:;"#K2%E=6:>#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#%G#6@:#G:8:3=E
1%;>626562%;#?@:3:#26>#:GG:46#2>#6%#3:A%K:#6@:#@%;%3:8#626E:#TA=332=9:U
L56#;%6#6@:#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5"#=;8#26>
#6%#3:A%K:#6@:#6=2;6#6@=6#26>#>52%;
%G#E:>L2=;#=;8#9=C#4%5#?%3S:8#%;#6@:#2;>626562%;#%G#A=332=9:&
/@:#:[5=E#62%;#3=2>:8#2;#6@2>#4=>:#>::A>#6%#L:#82>62;952>@=LE:
G3%A#6@:#:#2>>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#"#:>5:#2>#G3=A:8#=>#,=;#^3=;42>4%#=8K%4=6:>& ##/@:#:[5=E!
>5:#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#%3:>6:8#%;#?@:6@:3#-2;;:>%6=D>#T3:G5>=E"#5=;6
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 96 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
97/128
P
6%#-2;;:>%6=#A=332=9:#>6=656:>"#6%#>=;462GC#=#6@:23
329@6>#5;8:3#6@:#:[5=E#:#&U##D+%#"%E,+76"#W!Y#O&+=6#!WV#0:3:"
,=;#^3=;42>4%#:;6>#6@:#2>>5:#%G#?@:6@:3#J3%262%;#PD>#:GG:46#%G#T3:A%Ka2;9b
6@:#@%;%3:8#626E:#fA=332=9:D#L56#;%6#6@:#2;428:;6#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A#>=A:(>:]
4%5U#K2%E=6:>#:[5=E##J3%262%;#P#2>>5:#A=C#@=K:#TA:3:EC
E53Sa:8b#2;#6@:#3:4%38U#%G#(,;"##Q;E2S:#-2;;:>%6="#1=E2G%3;2=#93=;6:8#>=A:(>:]
4%5#329@6>#6%#L%6@#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#=;8#6@:#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:"#L:G%3:
?26@83=?2;9#6@:#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#6@3%59@#J3%262%;#P
/@:3:G%3:"#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#?26@83=?2;9#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6@:#329@6#%G
=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#8%:>#;%6#>::A#6%#L:#=A%;9#6@:#T>U#3=2>:8#2;#(,;"##.G#>%"#6@%59@#6@:##;%6#4@=EE:;9:8#LC#6@2>#8:42>2%;"#>54@##82>62;952>@=LE:#G3%A
6@:#8:42>2%;#%G#6@:#82>63246#4%536#@:3:&
!!"
.;#8:4282;9#6@2>#4=>:"#%;:#>@%5E8#L:#A2;8G5E#6@=6#9:;:3=EEC#>6=6:#9%K:3;=;4:
%K:3#A=332=9:#2>#;%6#4@=EE:;9:8#:=>2EC#0%?:K:3"#?@2E:#TA=332=9:#2>#=#>%42=E
3:E=62%;#>5LB:46#6%#6@:#,6=6:D>#
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
98/128
*
3:95E=62%;#T4%;6=2;2;9#3=42=E#4E=>>2G24=62%;>"U#>54@#=>#6@:#%;:#=6#2>>5:#2;#J)&3+A"#2>
>5LB:46#6%#T6@:#K:3C#@:=KC#L538:;#%G#B5>62G24=62%;#?@24@#6@:#^%536::;6@
\A:;8A:;6#@=>#63=8262%;=EEC#3:[523:8#%G#>6=6:#>6=656:>#83=?;#=44%382;9#6%#3=4:&U#
D7'#=6#*#0%?:K:3"#;%6#T:K:3C#>6=6:#3:95E=62%;#?@24@#3:E=6:>#2;#=;C#?=C#6%#6@:
2;428:;6>#%G#%3#26:>#G%3#A=332=9:#A5>6#L:#>5LB:46:8#6%#329%3%5>#>43562;C&U#
G,H2)4;3"#XWX#Q&,=6#WP)#HA=B%326C#%#;%6#2;K%EK:#>54@
=#>5>>2G24=62%;#=;8#6@:3:G%3:#>@%5E8#;%6#L:#=;=ECR:8#5;8:3#=;C#@:29@6:;:8
>43562;C"#L56#?:#A5>6#>62EE#=>S#T?@:6@:3#6@:3:#2>#=;C#3=62%;=E#G%5;8=62%;#G%3#6@:
82>432A2;=62%;ab#&U##8""%J)&3+A"#WPP#Q&,=6#*'#
#"
/@:#JE=2;62GG>"#,=;#^3=;42>4%"#=;8#6@:23#>5:#%G#6@:
^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#0%?:K:3"#L:4=5>:#J3%262%;#P#2>#T=#4E=>>2G24=62%;
;:26@:3#2;K%EK2;9#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6>#;%3#5>"U#9"22"#%&'
N)":%Y'*#Q&,W!N"#W!*#H!**WI"#.#8%#;%6#=883:>>#6@:#=43562;C
3:K2:?#6%#J3%262%;#P#Q;8:3#>63246#>43562;C#3:K2:?"#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#?%5E8#;::8
6%#:>6=LE2>@#6@=6#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#2>#;:4:>>=3C#6%#=4@2:K:#=#4%A6"#=;8#6@:3:#A5>6#;%6#L:#=#E:>>#%;:3%5>#=K=2E=LE:#=E6:3;=62K:
/@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5#;%6#3:4%9;2R:8#6@=6#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 98 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
99/128
!'
A=33C#2;4E58:>#=#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%#9=C#A=332=9:#8""%J,*#"+4""#YW*#Q&,=6
YVP#i=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#=3:#;%6#=#>5>2(>5>>#93A5%K"45%O,$-
&'%N"0'%D+76-'%8"4'%=2",#,+4"%P0034":%P*Y#^&N8#Y)W"#YVW#H*6@#123!**'I#
.#=E>%#8%#;%6#=883:>>#2;6:3A:82=6:#>43562;C#L:4=5>:#,5#;:K:3#@:E8#6@=6#>:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#2>#=#T[5=>2(>5>>2G24=62%;&U#
8""%=3/$%)0%=2"H6#+"%&'%=2"H6#+"%J3&3+A%=/#':%XVW#Q&,WN"#XX!cXN#H!*PYI#Q;8:3
6@=6#>6=;8=38#%G#3:K2:?"#9:;:3=EEC#="#6@:
9%K:3;A:;6#?%5E8#;::8#6%#:>6=LE2>@#6@=6#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#2>#>5L>6=;62=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%
=;#2A6#8""%37'#=6#XX!&
/@5>"#J3%262%;#P#2>#>5LB:46#6%#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#3=6@:3#6@=;#6%#=;C
@:29@6:;:8#>43562;C#8""%37'#=6#XX'cXN&
$"
T/@:#^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6D>#:#6@=6#;%#%;#>@=EE#L:#8:;2:8#6@:
:[5=E##A5>6#4%:]2>6#?26@#6@:#>26C#6@=6#A%>6
E:92>E=62%;#4E=>>2G2:>#G%3#%;:#>:>>2;9#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#A%>6#9%K:3;A:;6#A:=>53:>"#?:#5>:#3=62%;=E
L=>2>#3:K2:?#2;#=;#=66:A
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
100/128
!!
L:=3>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;#6%#>%A:#E:9262A=6:#:;8&U##D7'#
.;#:[5=E#2>"#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#T2>#;%6#=#E24:;>:#G%3#4%536>
6%#B589:#6@:#?2>8%A"#G=23;:>>"#%3#E%924#%G#E:92>E=62K:#4@%24:>&U##9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6
W!*#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#\#4E=>>2G24=62%;#T;:26@:3#2;K%EK2;9
G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6>#;%3#5>#2>#=44%38:8#=#>63%;9
5A#%A266:8I&
\88262%;=EEC"#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#T@=>#;%#%LE29=62%;#6%#5>6=2;#6@:#3=62%;=E26C#%G#=#>6=656%3C#4E=>>2G24=62%;&U#%D7'##/@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#T2>
;%6#>5LB:46#6%#4%5363%%A#G=46G2;82;9#=;8#A=C#L:#L=>:8#%;#3=62%;=E#>5
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
101/128
!N
[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#^536@:3"#=#E:92>E=653:D>#9:;:3=E2R=62%;>#A=C#>#3=62%;=E
L=>2>#3:K2:?#T:K:;#?@:;#6@:3:#2>#=;#2A#=;8#:;8>&U##D7'#=6
WN!#.;#>5A"#6@:#A:=>53:#;::8#%;EC#@=K:#T=395=LE:U#=>>5A#5;8:3EC2;9#26>
T2LE:#3=62%;=E:>U#6%#>53K2K:#4%;>626562%;=E#4@=EE:;9:#D7'#=6#WWW&
0%?:K:3"#T:K:;#6@:#>6=;8=38#%G#3=62%;=E26C#A5>6#G2;8#>%A:#G%%62;9#2;#6@:
3:=E262:>#%G#6@:#>5LB:46#=883:>>:8#LC#6@:#E:92>E=62%;&U##D7'#=6#WN!#\E>%"#>%A:
2;6:3:>6>#=3:#;%6#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>#?'A'"%I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WX
H>6=62;9#6@=6#T=;2A%>26C#6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#%G#%;>#=GG:46:8U#2>#;%6#=#E:9262A=6:
9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6IM##=2"H6#+""#XVW#Q&,=6#XXP#H>6=62;9#6@=6#TA:3:#;:9=62K:
=662658:>"#%3#G:=3U#=3:#;%6#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>IM#Q'8'%N"1R/%)0%CA#34'%&'
F)#"+)"#X!W#Q&,YNP"#YWX#H!*VWI#H>6=62;9#6@=6#=#TL=3:#:>23:#6%#@=3A#=
599:>6:8#6@=6#6@:#,5#3:E2:8#%;#A%3=E26C#=>#6@:
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 101 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
102/128
!W
L=>2>#G%3#26>#8:42>2%;#A=S2;9#=;8#>6=6:>"#Ta>b6=6:#E=?>#=9=2;>6#L29=AC"#>=A:(>:]
A=332=9:"#=85E6#2;4:>6"#626562%;"#A=>653L=62%;"#=85E6:3C"#G%3;24=62%;"#L:>62=E26C"
=;8#%L>4:;26C#=3:#E2S:?2>:#>5>6=2;=LE:#%;EC#2;#E29@6#%G#K=E28=62%;#%G#E=?>#L=>:8#%;
A%3=E#4@%24:>&U##D7=6#Y*'#
#0%?:K:3"#75>624:#ZD1%;;%3#=36245E=6:8#=#82GG:3:;6#=#=#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#G%3#:[5=E
=6=6:#2;6:3:>6#6%
B5>62GC"%H$%3/-"20"#=#>6=656:#6@=6#L=;>#@%A%>:]5=E#4%;8546#,@:#>6=6:8#6@=6#TaAb%3=E
82>=#=;#2;6:3:>6#6@=6#2>
2;>5GG242:;6#6%#>=62>GC#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:&U##D7'
=6#YPN#HZD1%;;%3"#7&"#4%;45332;9I#,@:#4%;62;5:8g#T.;8::8"#?:#@=K:#;:K:3#@:E8
6@=6#A%3=E#82>=#=#>5GG242:;6
3=62%;=E:#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#6%#B5>62GC#=#E=?#6@=6#82>432A2;=6:>
=A%;9#93%5#%G#%;>&U#%D7'##/@:#J,*#"+4"%A=B%326C#%::A>#6%#@=K:
2A624:#ZD1%;;%3"#?@:;#26#>6=6:8#6@=6#=#4%536D>#T%LE29=62%;#2>
6%#8:G2;:#6@:#E2L:36C#%G#=EE"#;%6#6%#A=;8=6:#26>#%?;#A%3=E#4%8:&U##D7'#=6#YY*
HA=B%326C#%"#G:=3"#=#L=3:#8:>23:
6%#@=3A"#=;8#A%3=E#82>=
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
103/128
!X
A:=>53:"#L:4=5>:#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#8%:>#;%6#6=65>(L=>:8
:;=46A:;6#82K%34:8#G3%A#=;C#G=465=E#4%;6:]6#G3%A#?@24@#a6@:#4%536>b#4%5E8#82>4:3;
=#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>"U#%3#=#T4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#%;>
5;8:36=S:;#G%3#26>#%?;#>=S:#&U##I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WY
!!!"
/@:#A=B%326C#4%;4E58:>#6@=6#TI)."#%9%K:3;>#%53#=;=EC>2>#;%6?26@>6=;82;9
6@:#82GG:3:;4:>#L:6?::;#\A:;8A:;6#N#=;8#J3%262%;#P"U#L:4=5>:#%G#6@:
>2A2E=3262:>#L:6?::;#6@:#A:=>53:>#=6#2>>5:#2;#I)."#%=;8#2;#6@:#:;6#4=>:
0%?:K:3"#6@:#82GG:3:;4:>#L:6?::;#\A:;8A:;6#N#=;8#J3%262%;#P#2;824=6:#6@=6
I)."#%8%:>#;%6#823:46EC#4%;63%E#%53#=;=EC>2>#%G#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#J3%262%;
P&
O:G%3:#4%A#@=K2;9#=#4%;>28:3=LEC
;=33%?:3#>4%:#2;#%6@:3
>6=6:>#8/#,6--:%N'V#J&W8#=6#)!#TJ3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#"+/3#"2$%#"1",2%)#
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 103 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
104/128
!Y
,H#)A,/"#6@:#=>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#@%%>:
%;:D>#E2G:#626562%;=EEC
L=>:8#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:&U##D7'%H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I&%
$%3#8%:>#J3%262%;#P#06+7,."+/,22$%,2/"#%6@:#A:=;2;9#=;8
>5L>6=;4:#%G#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#:[5=E#:3K2;9#6@:#%GG242=E#7"-3A+,/3)+#%G
6@:#6:3A#TA=332=9:U#G%3#6@:#5;2%;#%G#%:]#4%5#=>#=#A=66:3
%G#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#E=?"#L56#E:=K2;9#5;82>653L:8#=EE#%G#6@:#%6@:3:]63:A:EC#>29;2G24=;6#>5L>6=;62K:#=>#%G#=#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:
4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2#T=#K26=E#G=46%3U#2;#6@:23
2%;#@%E82;9#6@=6#G=2E2;9#6%#>#6%#6@2>#8:>29;=62%;#6%#>=A:(>:]
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 104 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
105/128
!)
4%5#T2A=A:(>:]#4%5
=;8#K2%E=6:8#6@%>:#4%5D#329@6#6%#6@:#:[5=E##95=3=;6::8#LC
6@:#1=E2G%3;2=#1%;>626562%;&U##D7'%=6#Y*"#)!#
/@:3:G%3:"#TJ3%262%;#P#3:=>%;=LEC#A5>6#L:#2;6:3@2%;
=>#:E2A2;=62;9#%;EC#6@:#329@6#%G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%#:[5=E#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;
%G#A=332=9:"#=;8#=>#;%6#%6@:3?2>:#=GG:462;9#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#%G#6@%>:#4%5
6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#G=A2EC#3:E=62%;>@2E=62K:"#:]:4562K:"#%3#B58242=E#=462%;#=6#=;C#E:K:E#%G#>6=6:#%3
E%4=E#9%K:3;A:;6#8:>29;:8#6%##=;8#E:>L2=;>&DU##Y!V#Q&,=6#)NX
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 105 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
106/128
!V
\A:;8A:;6#N#?=>#>:8#2;#3:>:#6%#A5;242#:;=46:8#2;#K=32%5>
1%E%3=8%#4262:>#6@=6##82>432A2;=6:8#=9=2;>6#LC#3:=>%;#%G#6@:23
>:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;&U##D7'###/@:#,52>#3:K2:?"#?@:3:#T2G#=#E=?#;:26@:3#L538:;>#=#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#;%3
6=39:6>#=#>5>>"#?:#?2EE#5E=62K:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#>%#E%;9#=>#26
L:=3>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;#6%#>%A:#E:9262A=6:#:;8&U##D7'#=6#)W!#/@:#,52>#3:K2:?#G%3#6?%#3:=>%;>#D7'#=6#)WN
T^23>6"#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#@=>#6@:##>@::3#L3:=86@#2>#>%#82>4%;62;5%5>#?26@#6@:
3:=>%;>#%GG:3:8#G%3#26#6@=6#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#>::A>#2;:]#6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#2G#=GG:46>M#26#E=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:
2;6:3:>6>&U##D7'
$"
/@:3:#=3:#>:K:3=E#?=C>#6%#82>62;952>@#I)."#%G3%A#6@:#:;6#4=>:#^23>6"#2;
I)."#:%6@:#,56=6:8#6@=6#Ta6b@:#4@=;9:#\A:;8A:;6#N#?%3S>#2;#6@:
E:9=E#>6=65>#%G#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#2;#6@:##G=3#3:=4@2;9"#L%6@#%;#26>
%?;#6:3A>#=;8#?@:;#4%;>28:3:8#2;#E29@6#%G#6@:#>6354653:#=;8#%432A2;=62%;#E=?>&U##D7'#=6#)NV#0:3:"#TJ3%262%;#P#3:=>%;=LEC#A5>6#L:
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 106 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
107/128
!P
2;6:3@2%;#=>#:E2A2;=62;9#%;EC#6@:#329@6#%G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%
:[5=E#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:"#=;8#=>#;%6#%6@:3?2>:#=GG:462;9#6@:
4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#%G#6@%>:#4%5#6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#G=A2EC
3:E=62%;>@2:
J3%262%;#P#:E2A2;=6:>#6@:#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A
>=A:(>:]#4%5"#3=6@:3#6@=;#?%3S2;9#=#G=3#3:=4@2;9#4@=;9:#2;#6@:23#E:9=E#>6=65>&
,:4%;8"%\A:;8A:;6#ND>#T>@::3#L3:=86@#2>#>%#82>4%;62;5%5>#?26@#6@:#3:=>%;>
%GG:3:8#G%3#26#6@=6#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#>::A>#2;:]
6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#26#=GG:46>&U##I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WN#\9=2;"#J3%262%;#P#T4=3K:>
%56#=#;=33%?#=;8#E2A26:8#:]4:6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6>U#%G##8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#=6#)!#J3%262%;#P#6@:3:G%3:#E=4S>#6@:#T>@::3
L3:=86@U#6@=6#:#26>#%;EC##=;2A5>M#\A:;8A:;6#N#?=>
;%6#T823:46:8#6%#=;C#28:;62G2=LE:#E:9262A=6:#43:6:#%LB:462K:&U##D7'#=6
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 107 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
108/128
!*
)WY#.;#>@%36"#I)."#%?=>#=#4=>:#?@:3:#6@:#%;EC#L=>2>#G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#?=>
=;2A5>#0%?:K:3"#2;#=#4=>:#?@:3:#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#?=>#%A:#2;8::>#TA=C#%G6:;#=44%A626562%;=EI#82>432A2;=62%;"#6@:23#:;4:#=E%;:#8%:>#;%6#=#4%;>626562%;=E
K2%E=62%;#A=S:&U%%(7'%)0%K#6-/""-%)0%Q+3&'%)0%C2,'%&'%O,##"//"#YW!#Q&,WY)"#W)V
HN''!I#H82>45>>2;9#=2"H6#+""#XVW#Q&,=6#XXPI#.G#T=;2A5>U#2>#%;:#>54@#L2=>"#26>
:;4:#=E%;:#A=C#;%6#A=S:#J3%262%;#P#2;K=E28#2G#6@:#A:=>53:#=E>%#3=62%;=EEC
3:E=6:>#6%#=#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6&
^2;=EEC"#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#?:3:#L538:;:8#LC#\A:;8A:;6#N"#L:4=5>:#26
T%#G3%A#82>432A2;=62%;#LC#:K:3C#E:K:E#%G#1%E%3=8%#9%K:3;A:;6&U#
I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)N*#.;#4%;63=>6"#T=E6@%59@#J3%262%;#P#:E2A2;=6:>#6@:#=L2E26C
%G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#=;#%GG242=E#3:E=62%;>@229;=6:8#fA=332=9:"D#2;
=EE#%6@:3#3:>#6@%>:#4%5#4%;62;5:#6%#>:>>"#5;8:3#6@:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E
#4E=5>:>"#6@:#4%3:#>:6#%G#L=>24#-6H-/,+/3&"%E:9=E#329@6>#=;8
=6632L56:>#63=8262%;=EEC#=>>%42=6:8#?26@#A=332=9:#&U##8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#=6#VV
H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#J56#%6@:3?2>:"#J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#L538:;
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 108 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
109/128
N'
9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#6%#6@:#>=A:#:]6:;6#\A:;8A:;6#N#L538:;:8#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#2;
1%E%3=8%&
%"
J3%#=395:#6@=6#6@:#G=46#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#?26@83:?#G3%A#>=A:(>:]
4%5#6@:#:]2>62;9#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#>@%5E8#L:
>29;2G24=;6#2;#%53#4%;>626562%;=E#=;=EC>2>#0%?:K:3"#,5#2;K%EK2;9#4@=EE:;9:>#6%#A:=>53:>#?26@83=?2;9#=;#:]2>62;9#329@6#8%
;%6#2;824=6:#6@=6#6@:#?26@83=?=E#>@%5E8#=GG:46#%53#=;=EC>2>#.;>6:=8"#26#>::A>#6@=6
6@:#4%536#@=>#5E=62%;#6@=6#?26@83=?>"#3=6@:3#6@=;#3:>:3K:>"#>%A:#E:9=E
329@6%?'A'"%Q'8'%I'I'%I"/'%(7'%&'%S#3/>"#XX*#Q&,!))"#!V)cVV#H!*P'I#H=>D>#8:6:3A2;=62%;#T6@=6
>%A:#%G#6@%>:#?@%#2;#6@:#6#3:4:2K:8#G5EE#?2;8G=EE#L:;:G26>#?%5E8#;%6#4%;62;5:#6%
8%#>%UIM%=3/$%)0%
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
110/128
##0%?:K:3"#?@2E:#6@:#?26@83=?=E#%G#=#329@6#A=C#;%6#L:#=;=EC624=EECN
>29;2G24=;6#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?"#26#A=C#>62EE#L:#G=465=EEC#>29;2G24=;6#^%3
:]=A6=656:D>#4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#L:;:G242=32:>#=;8#;%;L:;:G242=32:>#2>
2;K282%5>EC#82>432A2;=6%3C&U##D7'#=6#WPW#\>#6@:#A=B%326C#=395:>"#6@:#35E:#G3%AT)5+-)+%==A:(>:]#4%5#6%#6@:#93%5:3K:8#6@:#329@6&
N!
6@:#>?::#;%6#823:46EC#4%;63%E#@:3:#.;#I)."#"#6@:#,5#=E%;:#?=>#6@:#6#8:6:3A2;2;9#6@=6#=EE#%6@:3#L=>:>#G%3#J3%262%;#P#=3:
4%;>626562%;=EEC#2;K=E28#\>>5A2;9#=;2A5>#%3#A%3=E#82>=S#2>#6%
8:6:3A2;:#?@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#,+$%2;8:6
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 110 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
111/128
NN
!'"
.;#%53#4=>:"#J3%#=395:#6@=6#J3%262%;#P"#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:
5;2%;#%G#%;:#A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;"#2>#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#=#E:9262A=6:
9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6#G%3#>:K:3=E#3:=>%;>#,%A:#%G#6@%>:#3:=>%;>#@=K:#=E3:=8C
L::;#82>45>>:8#2;#6@:#A=B%326C#%45>>2%;#@:3:
0%?:K:3"#6?%#%G#6@%>:#3:=>%;>#8:>:3K:#A%3:#82>45>>2%;"#L:4=5>:#6@:C#@=K:#L::;
43:826:8#LC#%6@:3#4%536>g##H!I#=#3:>2LE:#:#26#T>6::3>
:#%:]#4%5#=3:#6@:#%;EC#4%5#?@%
4=;#2LECM%=;8#HNI#=;#%:#6@:#G=A2EC#>6354653:#%G#6?%#4%AA266:8#L2%E%924=E#j%;:
A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;j2>#6@:#%"+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+"#XYY#^&W8#=6#P)Vc)P&
#"
J3%#=395:#6@=6#J3%262%;#P"#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:#5;2%;#%G#%;:
A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;"#:3K:>#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#=;8#@2>6%324=E##%G
A=332=9:#/@:C#=395:#6@=6"#2G#6@:#8:G2;262%;#%G#A=332=9:#L:6?::;#=#A=;#=;8#=
?%A=;#2>#4@=;9:8"#26#?%5E8#G5;8=A:;6=EEC#3:8:G2;:#6@:#6:3A#G3%A#26>#%3292;=E#=;8
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 111 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
112/128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
113/128
##/@2>#3:[523:A:;6#2>#:=>2EC#A:6"#L:4=5>:#TaKb2365=EEC#=;C#9%=E#6@=6#2>#;%6W
G%3L288:;#LC#6@:#1%;>626562%;#?2EE#L:#8::A:8#>5GG242:;6#6%#A::6#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>
6:>6&U##h3?2;#1@:A:32;>SC"#=)+-/3/6/3)+,2%J,*U%!#3+4312"-%,+7%!)2343"-%)*P#HX6@
:8N'!!I&
NX
9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>&
$"
/@:#G23>6#3:[523:A:;6#%G#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#2>#6@=6#6@:3:#A5>6#L:#>%A:
4%;4:2K=LE:#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6#G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:& W
("
/@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,52LE:##=
E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6g
`@:6@:3#%3#;%6#6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#:;4%53=92;9#3:>2LE:
62G24=62%;#G%3#6@:#>6=656%3C#E2A26=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#6%#=#A=;#=;8#=
?%A=;#G%3##%G#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#:[5=E#6=;8=38"
6@2>#2;6:3:>6#4E:=3EC#8%:>#;%6#6#4=;;%6#L:#K2:?:8#=>#=#K=E28
L=>2>#G%3#8:G2;2;9#%3#E2A262;9#6@:#4E=>>#%G#%;>#?@%#A=C#4E=2A#6@:
626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C&
D+%#"%F,##3,A"%=,-"-"#!PW#J&W8#WPX"#XWN#H1=EN''PI#H:A2>#=88:8I"
-61"#-"7"7%H$%4)+-/3/6/3)+,2%,."+7."+/%,-%-/,/"7%3+%8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#XP
)"
`26@#3:9=38#6%#6@:#%
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
114/128
NY
>6=6:8#6@:#G%EE%?2;9#=L%56#T6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=#G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6
G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;Ug
a\bE6@%59@#6=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:
2;9#%G#4@2E83:;#2>#5;[5:>62%;=LEC#%;:#%G#6@:#K26=EEC
2A626562%;#%G#A=332=9:#=;8#6@:
4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C"#6#4=>:>#A=S:#4E:=3#6@=6#6@2>#329@6#2>
;%6#4%;G2;:8#6%"#%3#3:>632462K:EC#8:G2;:8#LC"#6@=6#
;%6:8#=L%K:"#%53#6#4=>:>#@=K:#3:4%9;2R:8#6@=6#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33C#2>
6@:#329@6#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#=#3:E=62%;>@2#6@:#4:;6:3#%G#6@:#%;=E
=GG:462%;>#6@=6#:;;%LE:#=;8#:;324@#@5A=;#E2G:j=#3:E=62%;>@2#=6
%;4:#6@:#A%>6#>%42=EEC#@2:#%G#=#E2G:62A:#/@:%;=E#:;324@A:;6#=GG%38:8#LC#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33C#A=C#L:#%L6=2;:8
LC#=#4%5:#6%#@=K:#4@2E83:;"#=;8#6@:#329@6
6%#A=33C#;:K:3#@=>#L::;#E2A26:8#6%#6@%>:#?@%#23:#6%#@=K:
4@2E83:;a/b@:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C#=;;%6
#2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=
G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;&
F,##3,A"%=,-"-"#!PW#J&W8#=6#XWN#H426=62%;>#=;8#2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I
/@5>"#6@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,545>>:8#T6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=
G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;U#?26@%56#5>2;9#6@:
TE:9262A=6:#2;6:3:>6U#=;8#TG%3#6@:##%G#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#:[5=E#6=;8=38U#E=;95=9:#5>:8#6%#82>45>>#T3:>2LE:#
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
115/128
##^%3#:]=A#6@:##>6=6:#6@=6#=EE#%;>
:;9=9:8#2;#:3K24:>#6%#G%>6:3#4@2E83:;#>@=EE#;%6#L:#>5LB:46:8
6%#82>432A2;=62%;#%3#@=3=>>A:;6#%;#6@:#L=>2>#%G#6@:23#4E2:;6>D#%3#6@:23#%?;#=465=E#%3
:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#&U##1=E`:EGl#.;>6%8:#k#!)'!WH=I
^536@:3"#Ta6b@:#@2#:[5=EEC#6%#:K:3C#4@2E8#=;8#6%
:K:3C#54@#=>#2;#=;6282>432A2;=62%;#
3:9=382;9#L5>2;:>>#:>6=LE2>@A:;6>&%%?'A'"#1=EK%8:#k#Y!HLI#HT\EE#%;>
?26@2;#6@:#B532>82462%;#%G#6@2>#>6=6:#=3:#G3::#=;8#:[5=E"#=;8#;%#A=66:3#?@=6#6@:23#&>:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#=3:#:;626E:8#6%#6@:#G5EE#=;8#:[5=E#=44%AA%8=62%;>"#=8K=;6=9:>"
G=42E262:>"#"#%3#>:3K24:>#2;#=EE#L5>2;:>>#:>6=LE2>@A:;6>#%G#:K:3C#S2;8
?@=6>%:K:3&UI#
N)
6@:#>5L>6=;62K:##%:]#4%5#2;#A=332=9:>#:;B%C
\88262%;=EEC"#1=E2G%3;2=#G=A2EC#E=?#8%:>#;%6#92K:#=;C#%GG242=E##6%
%:]#& ##J3%262%;#P#828#;%6#4@=;9:#6@2>#G=465=E#>265=62%;"#L:4=5>:X
26#TE:=Ka:>b#5;82>653L:8#=#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%
:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
116/128
## 8""%,2-)#=3/$%)0%N,22,-%&'%8/,+A23+"#X*'#Q&,!*"#N)cNP#H!*P*I#H>6=62;9#6@=6Y
=#426C#4%5E8#3=62%;=EEC#2A:#=;#=9:#=;8#62A:#3:>632462%;#%;#8=;4:#@=EE>"#:K:;#2G#26@=8#;%6#2A:8#>2A2E=3#3:>632462%;>#%;#%6@:3#:>#?@:3:#6::;=9:3>#=;8#=85E6>
4%;93:9=6:8#6%9:6@:3M#=395A:;6>#G%45>2;9#%;#6@:#2;4%;>2>6:;4C#L:6?::;#6@:
4E=>>2G24=62%;#=;8#6@:#T2;6:3:>6>#=;8#%LB:462K:>U#%G#6@:#426C#TA2>=#>43562;CUI'#
NV
/@:##=395:#=L%56#?@:6@:3#6@2>#=;=EC>2>#>5LB:46>#J3%262%;#P#6%
@:29@6:;:8#>43562;C#3=6@:3#6@=;#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#.;#AC#K2:?"#?@2E:#JE=2;62GG>
A=C#92K:#=#4%33:46#=44%5;62;9#%G#1=E2G%3;2=#E=?"#26#8%:>#;%6#;:4:>>=32EC#G%EE%?#6@=6
6@:#%6"#L:4=5>:#26
4%;63=8246>#:]2>62;9#E=?>#%;#"#:K:;#2G#1=E2G%3;2=D>#E:92>E=653:#EC#3:B:46:8#6@:Y
%#2;4%;>2>6:;6
?26@#26>#>6=656%3C#>4@:A:I"#6@=6#8%:>#;%6#
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
117/128
NP
.;#9"22"#"#6@:#,56=6:8#6@=6#TE:92>E=62K:#4@%24:#2>#;%6#>5LB:46#6%
4%5363%%A#G=46G2;82;9#=;8#A=C#L:#L=>:8#%;#3=62%;=E#>5#6@:#L538:;#6%#T;:9=62K:
:K:3C#4%;4:2K=LE:#L=>2>#?@24@#A29@6#>5#L538:;"#JE=2;62GG>#@=K:#%GG:3:8#A=;C#>:4%;8=3C#=56@%3262:>#6%#>5#;%6#=;#:;8#6@=6#6@:#,6=6:
3=62%;=EEC#4%5E8#=8%#26>#%?;#=;8#6@:3:G%3:#4=;;%6#>5>6=2;#J3%262%;#P&U#
\E6@%59@#J3%#?:3:#;%6#3:[523:8#6%#2>#3:K2:?"#6@:C#=E>%#@%?>#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E##=3:#6@:#%
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
118/128
##.;#J,*#"+4"%&'%K"L,-"#YW*#Q&,YYP"#75>624:#ZD1%;;%3#3:E2:8#%;#6@:)
^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6D>#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#6%#2;K=E28=6:#=#>6=6:#E=?
432A2;=E2R2;9#@%A%>:]5=E#>%8%AC#.;#@:3#4%;45332;9#%:;>5=E#4%;8546#2>
5;4%;>626562%;=E#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#8%:>#;%6#A:=;#6@=6
%6@:3#E=?>#82>62;952>@2;9#L:6?::;#@:6:3%>:]5=E>#=;8#@%A%>:]5=E>
?%5E8#>2A2E=3EC#G=2E#5;8:3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#/:]=>#4=;;%6#=>>:36
=;C#E:9262A=6:#>6=6:#2;6:3:>6#@:3:"#>54@#=>#;=62%;=E#>:45326C#%3:3K2;9#6@:#63=8262%;=E#2;>626562%;#%G#A=332=9:#Q;E2S:#6@:#A%3=E
82>=:]#3:E=62%;>j6@:#=>>:36:8#>6=6:#2;6:3:>6#2;#6@2>
4=>:j%6@:3#3:=>%;>#:]2>6#6%#626562%;#%G#A=332=9:
L:C%;8#A:3:#A%3=E#82>=:]##/@5>"
JE=2;62GG>#@=K:#G=2E:8#6%#5;8:3A2;:"#E:6#=E%;:#3:A%K:#fG3%A#8:L=6:"D#6@:#>6582:>
>@%?2;9#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E##6#>6354653:#G%3#3=2>2;9
4@2E83:;&U
\G6:3#3:K2:?"#L%6@#>28:>#%GG:3#:K28:;4:#2;#>528:>
=E>%#%GG:3#:K28:;4:#6%#5;8:3A2;:#6@:#:K28:;4:#:;6:8#LC#6@:23#%28:32;9#T6@:#[5:>62%;#2>#=6#E:=>6#8:L=6=LE:"U
37'#=6#WN)#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I"#6@:#%
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
119/128
D7'#=6#YPY#HZD1%;;%3"#7&"#4%;45332;9I&
##\>#:]>2G24=62%;#=6#2>>5:#;::8#;%6#L:#4%33:E=6:8#2;#G=46"#:K:;#2;#3:E=62%;#6%#=;#=>>5A:8
S=#@=8#:;=46:8
=#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6##LC#>=A:(>:]
4%5#=;8#%6@:3#%GG242=E#>=A:(>:]#3:E=62%;>@2g
/@:#,6=6:#=395:>#6@=6#6@:#A=;C#E=?>#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:#5;2%;#%G
%;:#A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;#=;8#:]6:;82;9#=#K=32:6C#%G#L:;:G26>#6%
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 119 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
120/128
W!
A=332:8#4%5#=3:#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#2;6:3:>6#2;
T>6::32;9#S:6#%G#329@6>#=;8#L:;:G26>#6%#A=332:8#@:6:3%>:]5=E#4%5"
>54@#E=?>#T:;4%53=9:##L:>6#>265=6:8#G%3#3=2>2;9#4@2E83:;&U###/@:
=395A:;6#2>#L=>:8#2;#:]5=E>#=3:#6@:#%:#
3:9=382;9#6@2>#%42%E%924=E#8:L=6:"#?:#4=;;%6#4%;4E58:
6@=6#6@:#,6=6:D>#B5>62G24=62%;#TE=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>&U
XYY#^&W8#=6#P)Vc)P#H426=62%;>#%A266:8I&
/@:#G=465=E#4%;6:]6#2;#1=E2G%3;2=#2>#82>62;952>@=LE:#G3%A#6@:#%;:#6@:#h29@6@
1234526#G=4:8#2;#$:L3=>S=#Q;E2S:#6@:#$:L3=>S=#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6"#?@24@
#LC#>=A:(>:]#4%5#=;8#%6@:3#>=A:(
>:]#3:E=62%;>@2"#J3%262%;#P#E:G6#1=E2G%3;2=D>#:]2>62;9#8%A:>624#@2
2;6=46#.;#1=E2G%3;2="#>=A:(>:]#4%5#2;#8%A:>624#@2#>62EE#:;B%C#6@:
>=A:#>5L>6=;62K:#329@6>#=;8#L:;:G26>#=>#%:]#4%5#2;#A=332=9:>#/@5>"#26
4=;;%6#L:#>=28#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#T4%;G:3a>b#6@:#2;854:A:;6>#%G#A=326=E#L:;:G26>
%;#%:]#4%5#"#L56#;%6#%;#>=A:(>:]#4%5#&U##8""#37'#=6#P)V
0%?:K:3"#6@2>#82>62;462%;#A=C#;%6#L:#82>262K:"#L:4=5>:#6@:#h29@6@#1234526#?=>
4%;>28:32;9#L%6@#6@:#>5L>6=;62K:#E:9=E#L:;:G26>#=>#?:EE#=>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 120 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
121/128
WN
A=332=9:&
)"
/@=6#E:=K:>#6@:#[5:>62%;#%G#?@:6@:3#?26@83=?2;9#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6@:
329@6#6%#=44:>>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:"#=E%;:"#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#6@:
3:>2LE:##=395:#6@=6
J3%#>599:>6#;%#3:=>%;#6%#L:E2:K:#=A:(>:]#4%5#G3%A
:;6:32;9#3:E=62%;>@2#8:>29;=6:8#TA=332=9:U#?2EE#A=S:#26#A%3:#E2S:EC#6@=6#%:]#4%5#2;#1=E2G%3;2=#?2EE#A=33C#J56#82GG:3:;6EC"#JE=2;62GG>#=395:#6@=6"#L:4=5>:
J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#L:>6%?%=;#@%;%3#%;#%:]#4%5#L56#2;>6:=8
?26@83=?>%=;#@%;%3#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5"#6@:#3:>2LE:##3=62%;=E#6%#L:E2:K:#6@=6#%:]#4%5#?2EE#L:
E:>>#E2S:EC#6%#3=2>:#4@2E83:;#2;#=#A=326=E#G=A2EC#2G#6@:#>6=653:#%G#A=332=9:#2>#=E>%
=K=2E=LE:#6%#>=A:(>:]#4%5#^536@:3"#JE=2;62GG>#=395:#6@=6#J3%D#G=2E53:#6%
8:>432L:#@%?#J3%262%;#P#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#6@:#3:>2LE:##6@=6#6@:#3=62%;=E:#E=4S>#6@:#3:[523:8#TG%%62;9#2;#6@:#3:=E262:>#%G
6@:#>5LB:46#=883:>>:8#LC#6@:#E:92>E=62%;&U##9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6#WN!&
.;#3:>:"#J3%#=395:#6@=6"#TaLb:4=5>:#%;EC#>:]5=E#3:E=62%;>@2
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 121 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
122/128
WW
L:6?::;#A:;#=;8#?%A=;#4=;##6@=6#6@:#4%AA%;>:;>:#82>62;462%;#6@=6#%53
E=?#@=>#=E?=C>#83=?;#L:6?::;#%:]#4%5"#%;#6@:#%;:#@=;8"#=;8#=EE#%6@:3
6C#%G#3:E=62%;>@2j2;4E582;9#>=A:(>:]#4%5j%;#6@:#%6@:3#@=;8"##=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26#2;#>6::32;9#:#26#T:>6=LE2>@:>#=#;:?#>5L>6=;62K:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#35E:#6@=6
L:4=A:#:GG:462K:#%;4:#J3%262%;#P#?=>#=:>#82>45>>2;9#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33Cj=;8#28:;62GC2;9
6@2>#329@6#=>#%;:#%G#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#:E:A:;6>#%G#%;=E#=56%;%AC=;8#E2L:36C#626562%;j4%;6=2;>#=;C#>599:>62%;
6@=6#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C#2>#>:>>:8#%;EC#LC#2;82K285=E>
?@%#=3:#=6#32>S#%G##6:=8#%G#4%;62;52;9#=#T82>62;462%;#6@=6
a1=E2G%3;2=b#E=?#@=>#=E?=C>#83=?;"U#?:=S:;>#J3%D#=395A:;6#6@=6
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 122 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
123/128
WX
J3%262%;#P#T#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@22LE:##=395:#6@=6"#L:4=5>:
J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#4@=;9:#1=E2G%3;2=D>#>5L>6=;62K:#E=?>#9%K:3;2;9
4@2E83=2>2;9"#2;9E:>#%56
9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>"#=>#=#93%56=;8=38#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#8%:>#;%6#3:[523:#6@:
4E=>>2G24=62%;#L:#>5L>6=;62=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#=;#2A6
.;>6:=8"#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?"#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#A5>6#%;EC#H!I#>:3K:#>%A:
4%;4:2K=LE:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6M#HNI#@=K:#=#2LE:#3:=>%;#G%3#6@:#:;=46A:;6M
HWI#3:A=2;#8:L=6=LE:M#=;8#HXI#;%6#L:#6%6=EEC#=3L263=3C#/@:23#=395A:;6#4%;62;5:>
6@=6"#2;#1=E2G%3;2=D>#5;2[5:#4%;6:]6"#J3%262%;#P#%;EC#8:=E>#?26@#6@:#8:>29;=62%;
%G#6@:#6:3A#TA=332=9:U#L56#E:=K:>#5;82>653L:8#=EE#%G#6@:#%6@:3#>29;2G24=;6
>5L>6=;62K:#=>#%G#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2J3%D
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 123 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
124/128
WY
6@:%3C#%;EC#2;43:=>:>#6@:#E2S:E2@%%8#6@=6#4@2E83:;#=3:#L%3;#=;8#3=2>:8#2;#=#G=A2EC
>6354653:#%G#L2%E%924=E##LC#:;4%53=92;9#>54@##6%#A=33CM#6@:
8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#G%3#%;EC#6@=6#5;2%;#?%5E8#A=S:#26#A%3:#E2S:EC#6@=6
%:]#4%5#?2EE#?=;6#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#A=332=9:#=;8#6@:;#>5L>:[5:;6EC#3=2>:
6@:23#%?;#L2%E%924=E#%GG>:;>:#L:E2:G#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E#
6EC"#6@:C#=395:#6@:3:#4=;
L:#;%#3:[523:A:;6#%G#;=33%?#6=2E%32;9#?@:3:#6@:3:#?%5E8#L:#=#6#=;8#6@:#E=?#.G#6@:#>6=6:#8:;2:8#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>29;2G24=;6
L:;:G26>#5;8:3#6@:#E=?"#6@:#E=?#?%5E8#L:#A%3:#E2S:EC#6%#G=2E#:[5=E##=3:#4%A2>#3:K2:?#6%#=44:E=653:D>
9:;:3=E2R=62%;>#:K:;#?@:;#6@:3:#2>#=;#2A#=;8#:;8>&U#
9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6#WN!#0:3:"#6@:#:]#4%5#6@:#329@6#6%#=44:>>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:
?%5E8"#=395=LEC"#G536@:3#6@:#2;6:3:>6>#2;#2LE:#
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
125/128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
126/128
WV
+=6@:3"##6@=6#>54@#L2=>:>#2;K=E28=6:#=#A:=>53:#2G#6@:C#=3:#6@:
%;EC#4%;4:2K=LE:#"+7-%G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#8"":%"'A'"#I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#YWY#\9=2;"
2;#8:6:3A2;2;9#?@:6@:3#6@:3:#2>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@2#%A266:8I&
'"
i2K:;#6@:#5A2>
3:K2:?"#.#=A#;%6#4%;K2;4:8#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#E=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>#J3:4:8:;6#:K28:;4:>#:]63:A:#B58242=E#3:>63=2;6#2;
=#3:K2:?#6%#:[5=E#:>&
Z;EC#LC#G=26@G5E#=8@:3:;4:#6%#6@2>#95282;9##26#>2LE:#6%#:3K:#6%#6@:#E:92>E=62K:#L3=;4@#26>
329@6G5E#2;8:#=L2E26C#6%#G5;462%;#a+b:>63=2;6>#%;
B58242=E#3:K2:?#@=K:#=88:8#G%34:#?@:3:#6@:#E:92>E=653:#A5>6
;:4:>>=32EC#:;9=9:#2;#=#>#%G#E2;:(83=?2;9#_:G2;2;9#6@:#4E=>>#%G
%;>#>5LB:46#:K26=LEC#3:[523:>#6@=6#>%A:#%;>#?@%#@=K:#=;
=EA%>6#:[5=EEC#>63%;9#4E=2A#6%#G=K%3:8#63:=6A:;6#L:#28:>#%G#6@:#E2;:"#=;8#6@:#G=46#6@=6#6@:#E2;:#A29@6#@=K:#L::;
83=?;#82GG:3:;6EC#=6#>%A:##2>#=#A=66:3#G%3#E:92>E=62K:"#3=6@:3#6@=;
B58242=E"#4%;>28:3=62%;&
(",45%=)..4R+- "#Y'P#Q&,=6#W!Yc!)#H=E6:3=62%;"#426=62%;>"#=;8#2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 126 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
127/128
WP
A=3S>#%A266:8I#/@5>"#6@:#B58242=3C#G=4:>#=#4%;>#E2A26#%;#%53#B58242=E#3%E:
2;#="+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+"#XYY#^&W8#=6
PV'g
.;#6@:#;:=3EC#%;:#@5;83:8#=;8#G2G6C#C:=3>#>2;4:#6@:#^%536::;6@
\A:;8A:;6#?=>#=8%#,5A2>>:8#TG%3#?=;6#%G#=#-6H-/,+/3,2
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 127 of 128
-
8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion
128/128
G:8:3=E#[5:>62%;&U##/@:3:#2>#9%%8#3:=>%;#G%3#6@2>#3:>63=2;6&
Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 128 of 128