propaganda and censorship
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Mr. Thomas. Propaganda and Censorship. Propaganda. Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. (Dictionary.com) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PROPAGANDA AND CENSORSHIP
Mr. Thomas
Propaganda Information, ideas, or rumors
deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. (Dictionary.com)
Edward Filene helped establish the Institue of Propaganda Analysis in 1937 to educate the American public about the nature of propaganda and how to recognize these techniques. There are seven common techniques that the IPA identified, although there are more. Let’s start with these…
1. Bandwagon
An appeal to the subject to follow the crowd, to join in because others are doing so as well.
Often used in wartime and modern advertising.
2. Card Stacking
Selective omission. It involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it.
3. Glittering Generalities Words that have
different positive meaning for individual subjects, but are linked to highly valued concepts. They include words with distinct (usually positive) connotations (“in defense of democracy”).
Often in political propaganda.
4. Name Calling
The use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy
Often in political cartoons or writings.
5. Transfer An attempt to
make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item, to link the two in the subject’s mind.
Often used in politics and wartime.
6. Testimonial
Quotations or endorsements, in or out of context, which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item.
Often used in advertising and political campaigns.
7. Plain Folks An attempt by the
propagandist to convince the public that his/her views reflect those of the common person and he/she is also working for the benefit of the common person (accents, idioms, jokes, etc. are used).
More Techniques of Propaganda
8. Assertion An enthusiastic or
energetic statement presented as a fact, although not necessarily true
Commonly used in advertising and modern propaganda. They often imply that the statement requires no explanation for back up, but that it should merely be accepted without question.
9. Lesser of Two Evils This technique
tries to convince us of an idea or proposal by presenting it as the least offensive option.
This is often implemented during wartime to convince people of the need for sacrifices or to justify decision.
10. Pinpointing the Enemy This is an
attempt to simplify a complex situation by presenting one specific group or person as the enemy.
This is often used during wartime, in political campaigns and debates.
11. Simplification (Stereotyping) This is similar
to pinpointing the enemy, in that it often reduces a complex situation to a clear-cut choice involving good and evil.
