propagation why we propagate plants.. why propagate? 1. ensure future generations. 2. keeps...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Propagation
Why we propagate plants.
![Page 2: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why propagate? Why propagate?
1. Ensure future generations.2. Keeps desired combination of traits
alive.3. Do not have to depend on seed
germination. Some plants have seeds that are hard to germinate. Also, do not have to worry about pollination.
![Page 3: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why propagate?
Possible Problems 1. Will not have genetic variation.2. Plants will not be able to change with
the surroundings.
![Page 4: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Propagation Two main types of propagation. They are:
Asexual and sexual.Asexual – cloning – does not require
fertilization1. Vegetative – reproduce by mitosis
(each daughter cell is an exact replica of it’s mother cell. (cont.)
![Page 5: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Propagation
Chromosome numbers and composition do not change during cell division). Ex: stolons and rhizomes.
2. Cuttings – taking parts of plants and planting them
Stem cuttingsLeaf cuttings
![Page 6: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stem Cutting with terminal growing area.
Stem Cutting
![Page 7: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Leaf cutting with petiole.
Leaf cutting without petiole.
Leaf cutting that has rooted. Used leaf with petiole.
Leaf Cuttings
![Page 8: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Leaf cutting with the petiole attached. Placed in water and will result in roots being formed.
Leaf cutting with petiole attached but placed in soil. This will be the result.
Leaf Cutting
![Page 9: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Asexual CuttingsStem cuttings
Hardwood Semi-hardwood Soft woodHerbaceous
Leaf cuttingsLeaf-bud cuttings
Root Cuttings
![Page 10: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stem cutting with an auxiliary bud attached.
Stem cutting showing an adventitious bud starting. Begonia plant.
Stem Cuttings
![Page 11: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Leaf Bud Propagation
For this type of propagation, you use a leaf and the axil of the leaf along with a portion of the stem. Place all of this into a medium and let grow. Type of plants you can use this on are: clematis, grape ivy, dracaena, camellia, jade plant and rhododendron.
![Page 12: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Asexual Cuttings
3. Grafting – using woody stemsWhy do we graft?Things to remember when grafting.
![Page 13: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Asexual Cuttings
3. Grafting – when grafting, you use some part of the woody stem. There are many types of grafts. The following pictures show a procedure called whip grafting.
![Page 14: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Step 1 -Selection
Step 2 - Tools Step 3 - Cutting stem to make area for grafting.
Whip Grafting
![Page 15: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Step 4 - Showing how to make the cut.
Step 5 – Adding the cut down through the middle.
Step 6 – Making the cut on the grafting material.
![Page 16: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Step 7 – Making incision into the graft. Step 8 – Putting the
two grafts together.
![Page 17: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Step 9 – Wrapping the graft.
Step 10 – Finished product.
![Page 18: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Propagation Methods4. Budding – inserting bud into
existing wood5. Layering – taking a stem and
promoting root growth.
![Page 19: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Layering – taking a branch and placing it on the soil.
Layering – Simple or mound
![Page 20: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Removing epidermis for layering.
Air Layering
Packing moss around area to provide moisture.
Wrap in saran wrap to keep moisture in.
Removing saran wrap to see new roots and bud.
New bud with roots.
![Page 21: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Separation Method
7. Separation – you take mature plants that were stolons or offspring from a parent plant and separate.
![Page 22: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Runners
6. Runners – stems that run along the top of the ground. They root at the node.
![Page 23: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stolons – Parent plant puts out runners and each node a new plant forms along with roots.
Runners or Stolons
![Page 24: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Separation of runner from parent.
Separation Method
![Page 25: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Division
8. Division – taking tubers, roots, bulbs, or corms and dividing them.
![Page 26: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Stem Tubers – potato – eyes become plants.
Stem Tubers
Division
![Page 27: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Corms – roots develop around the edge in a circle. The enlarged area is the stem and the leaf sprouts in the concave area on top. Each one of these leaves will become a corm next year. Crocus and glads are examples.
Division
![Page 28: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Suckering
Suckers – growth from the root or crown area. Would use division here because of the roots.
![Page 29: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Suckering – where plants are produced from roots. Raspberries, willows and dog woods are examples.
Suckering
![Page 30: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tissue Cultures
9. Micro propagation – Tissue culturesTissue cultures are taking a small
part of a leaf or stem (usually cut into small pieces), placing them in a petri dish that contains agar (medium that has nutrients added to it).
![Page 31: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Micro propagation – using a part of the plant such as a piece of the leaf (African violet) and placing it in a Petri dish that has agar in it. Roots form from this piece of leaf.
Micro propagation
![Page 32: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Factors Influencing Rooting Factors influencing the rooting of cuttings.
1. Source of cutting material.Young, non flowering plants only a
few years away from a germinated seed is best.
2. Time of year the cutting material is taken.Woody perennial (means grows for a
number of years)- anytime
![Page 33: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Factors Influencing Rooting
Hardwood cuttings – late winterSoftwood cuttings – spring after
growth reaches 4-6”.Semi-hardwood cuttings –
midsummerHerbaceous – anytime of the year
(do not develop woody tissues).
![Page 34: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Factors Influencing Rooting
3. Treatment of cuttings with Auxins (natural plant hormones)IAA (indoleacetic acid), IBA
(indolebutric acid) or NAA (naphthalenoeacetic acid
All stimulate root growth
![Page 35: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Factors Influencing Rooting4. Misting – needed in herbaceous
cuttings. Need to keep hydrated so will not dry out.Mist the plant then cover with plastic
cover. Keeps moisture in. Can also have an automated mist
system.5. Bottom heat – helps force rooting by
stimulating the root to grow.
![Page 36: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Sexual Propagation
Seed formation is an example of sexual propagationGet genetic diversity from this formWhere you have a male and a female
and have cross pollination for fertilization between the two to form the seed.
Meiosis – another form of sexual propagation
![Page 37: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sexual PropagationIn meiosis the number of
chromosomes in the cells is reduced by half to form the male sperm cell and the female egg. The egg and sperm combine during fertilization in the ovule to form the zygote (fruit) that develops into the embryo (seed).
California desert plant called Machaeranthera gracilis example
![Page 38: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Seed Germination
Monocot SeedThe seed imbibes (absorbs) water from
the soilEmergence of radicle (primary root) and
the plumule (primary shoot)These form the primary parts of the
plant.
![Page 39: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Monocot Seed
![Page 40: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Dicot Seed
Dicot SeedSeed imbibes water from soil and
swells.Radicle emerges and grows downward.Hook of the bean (hypocotyl) emerges
from soil, carrying the two cotyledons (leaves) with it.
![Page 41: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Dicot Seed
![Page 42: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Environmental Factors Influencing Seed Germination Adequate moisture in the soil. Proper temperature – cold versus warm Good aeration of soil. Light (in some cases) Freedom from pathogenic organisms.
Damping off. Freedom from toxic amounts of salts.
![Page 43: Propagation Why we propagate plants.. Why propagate? 1. Ensure future generations. 2. Keeps desired combination of traits alive. 3. Do not have](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56649db45503460f94aa5a4f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)