properties of matter science matter: it’s what the world’s made of
TRANSCRIPT
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Properties of MatterScience
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Matter:
It’s what the world’s made of.
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What do you know about matter?
SolidsLiquids
GassesPlasma
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Solids Solids hold their own
shape. Solids have weight. Solids take up space.
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Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container.
Liquids have weight. Liquids take up space.
!
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Gases
Gases spread out to fill the entire space given.
Gases have weight. Gases take up
space.
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Plasma
Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
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STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
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Energy determines the state!
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Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly
together
Have very little energy
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Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed
Have medium energy levels
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Particles in Gases: Move freely
Have LOTS of energy
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Particles in Plasma: Are electrically
charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels
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Mixtures may be in different phases
Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?
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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
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What will happen? Why?
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Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?
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Liquid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to liquids, they become gases!
What examples can you think of?
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Changing States
There are several names for matter changing states:
State change
Phase change
Physical change
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So, did we get something new?
Ice cream and melted ice cream? Chocolate and melted chocolate? Ice, water, and water vapor? Steel and molten steel?
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Physical Properties
Physical Properties A characteristic of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance
Ex: shape, color, length, mass, volume, density, odor, texture, states of matter, melting and boiling point
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Weight Weight measure the gravitational force measure the gravitational force exerted on an object. Can be exerted on an object. Can be
expressedexpressed
in either newtons and/or pounds.in either newtons and/or pounds.
Inertia the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion. Mass is a measure of inertia.
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Measuring Volume Volume = length x width x
height (cm³)
Look at the meniscus when measuring liquid in a graduated cylinders, beakers, measuring cups, etc...
Displacment: measure the liquid Put irregular object in the container Measure liquid Subtract
Finish – Start = volume
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Pretend you can only feel the object in the bag. Can you guess what it is?
Some Physical Properties: round
smooth hardabout the size of your fist
Click here for mystery object.
?
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Thermal
Density
Solubility
State
Ductility
Malleability
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Physical Changes
Physical Changes do not change the composition. The substance may look different but the identity does not change Grinding Cutting Coloring Dissolving Changes in the state
***Can usually be changed back***
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Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties Any characteristic that gives a substance the
ability to undergo a change that results in a new substance
Ex: Flammability,
Ability to react with: oxygen, electricity, light, water, heat etc
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Chemical Properties The ability to
change into a new matter with different properties.
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Reactivity
Nonreactivity
Flammability
Nonflammability
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¿What’s the difference?
Physical Properties - Can be measured or observed. Do NOT change the chemical nature of matter properties.
Chemical Properties –Describes how something will react. DO change the chemical nature of matter properties
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Chemical Changes
Chemical Changes are changes in the identity of a substance due to the chemical properties Bubbles Color change (why did it change color?) Production of Heat or Cold Production of Light Production of Smoke Formation of a new substance
Cannot usually be changed back
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Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of the following as physical or chemical
Gas production Tarnishing
Souring Expanding
Cooling Heating
Digesting Rusting
Denting Squeezing
Sawing Light production
Burning Dissolving
Stretching Rotting
Cutting Change of temperature
Melting Freezing
New substance Mixing
Drying Contracting
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Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of the following as physical or chemical
C Gas production
C Tarnishing
C Souring
P Expanding
P Cooling P Heating
C Digesting C Rusting
P Denting P Squeezing
P Sawing C Light production
C Burning P Dissolving
P Stretching C Rotting
P Cutting C Change of temperature
P Melting P Freezing
C New substance P Mixing
P Drying P Contracting
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Changes in Energy Endothermic – energy is absorbed from the
surroundings – temperature decreases Ex: Ice Melting
Exothermic – energy is released into the surroundings – temperature increases water freezing
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Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic
Burning a match Exothermic
Photosynthesis Endothermic
Condensation on a window Exothermic
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Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic
Candle Flame flickering Exothermic
Evaporation of water Endothermic
Melting an ice cream cone Endothermic
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Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic
Cooking an Egg Endothermic
Freezing dinner Exothermic
Baking Bread Endothermic
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Classify the Following as Endothermic or Exothermic
ExothermicEndothermic
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Rate of Reaction
Reactions can vary in speed Changes in Size, Concentration and
Temperature can change reaction speed
Catalysts speed up reactions Inhibitors slow them down
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed In other words, the mass you end up with
is always the same as what you start with
Then where does the mass go sometimes? Ex: Wood for a campfire