properties of oilfield waters lectures # 30 – 31 pete 310
TRANSCRIPT
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Properties of Oilfield Waters
Lectures # 30 – 31
PETE 310
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Topics
Brine composition and density Water (brine) compressibility Formation volume factor and Pb Viscosity Mutual solubilities (gas in water, water in
gas)
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Water Production Issues
Oil and gas wells produce more water than oil (7 bbl/1 bbl oil in Texas)
Composition of co-produced water determines need for anti-scaling additives
Regulations limit disposal and beneficial use options
Environmental impact
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Oilfield Water Issues
Expensive Oilfield Water Management Diversity of Oilfield Waters (amount,
compositions) Corrosion, Scale Control and Plugging Microbiological Problems Water Quality for Water-flooding, Steam
Injection or Surface Disposal Injectivity Decline in Water Injection Wells
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Dissolved Solids in Brines
Cations Na+
K +
Li +
Ca ++
Mg ++
Ba ++
Fe ++
Sr ++
Anions Cl -
SO4 =
CO3 =
CO3H -
NO3 -
Br -
I -
NaCl
S A L T SS A L T S
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Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
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Measures of Solids Concentration
w isbrine densitywhich depends upon solids in solution
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Stiff DiagramsMilliequivalents per liter
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Typical Concentrations
TDS = 68,030 ppm 6.8% get w convert to mg/l
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Periodic Table Info for each element here!
http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htmMore information here
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Conversions: mg per liter milliequivalents per liter See examples in text
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Conversions: mg per liter milliequivalents per liter Valence is # of charges (+ or -). Expressed as
equivalent wt per g mole Ca++ has ionic weight of 40.08 g/g mole Equivalent weight is
40.08 g/g mole/2 eq wt/g mole = 20.4 g/eq wt
Atomic weight divided equivalent weight is mg / meq
Milliequivalents per liter of calcium are *** mg/l / 20.04 mg/meq = ***
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Bubble Point Pressure of Oilfield Water Pb is the same as the Pb of the coexisting
oil due to thermodynamic equilibrium
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Formation Volume Factor (Bw)
Depends upon pressure
Depends upon temperature
Depends upon gas in solution
Offsetting
– negligible effect -
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Formation Volume Factor of Water (Bw)
wTwpw VVB 11
Works well even for brines up to 30% TDS
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Temperature Correction
+
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Pressure Correction
-
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Effect of TDS on Brine Density
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Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Water
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Solubility of Methane in Water
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Effect of Salinity on solubility of gas in water
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Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility (Cw)
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Viscosity of Water versus Pressure
At a fixed T
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Water (Brine) Viscosity versus TDS
At atmosphericpressure
IncreasingTDS
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Viscosity of Water at Reservoir Pressure
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Solubility of Water in Natural Gas (low pressure)
Lb of water / MMSCF
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Solubility of Water in Gas (high P)
Lb of water / MMSCF
To evaluatedehydration requirements(equipment, chemicals)In natural gas processing
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Resistivity of Oilfield Water
Use in logging tools Formation evaluation Resistivity is inversely proportional to
conductivity
Rw = rA/L = [ohm/meters]
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Calculate Resistivity or TDS
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Gas-Water IFT