properties of real numbers. commutative property
TRANSCRIPT
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Properties of Real Numbers
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COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY
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Commutative Property of Addition
When adding two numbers, the order of the numbers does not matter.
Examples:
a + b = b + a
2 + 3 = 3 + 2
(-5) + 4 = 4 + (-5)
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Commutative Property of Multiplication
When multiplying two numbers, the order of the numbers does not matter.
Examples:
a • b = b • a
2 • 3 = 3 • 2
(-3) • 24 = 24 • (-3)
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ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY
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Associative Property of AdditionWhen three numbers are added, it makes no difference which two numbers are added first.
Examples:
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
2 + (3 + 5) = (2 + 3) + 5
(4 + 2) + 6 = 4 + (2 + 6)
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Associative Property of Multiplication
When three numbers are multiplied, it makes no difference which two numbers are multiplied first.
Examples:
a(bc) = (ab)c
2 • (3 • 5) = (2 • 3) • 5
(4 • 2) • 6 = 4 • (2 • 6)
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DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
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Distributive Property
Multiplication distributes over addition.
Examples:
a(b + c) = ab + ac
2 (3 + 5) = (2 • 3) + (2 • 5)
(4 + 2) • 6 = (4 • 6) + (2 • 6)
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IDENTITY PROPERTY
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Additive Identity Property
The additive identity property states that if 0 is added to a number, the result is that number.
Example:
a + 0 = a
3 + 0 = 0 + 3 = 3
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Multiplicative Identity Property
The multiplicative identity property states that if a number is multiplied by a 1, the result is that number.
Example:
a • 1= a
3 • 1= 3
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INVERSE OPERATIONS PROPERTY
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Inverse Operations Property
An operation that reverses the effect of another operation.
Examples: addition and subtraction
multiplication and division
squares and square roots
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Additive Inverse Property
The additive inverse property states that opposites add to zero.
Examples:
k + (- k) = 0
7 + (-7) = 0
4x – 8 = 0
+ 8 = +8
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Multiplicative Inverse Property
The multiplicative inverse property states that reciprocals multiply to 1.
515
1
23
32
1
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EQUALITY PROPERTY
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Equality PropertyFor all operations: The property that states that if you perform an operation with the same number to both sides of an equation, the sides remain equal (i.e., the equation continues to be true.)
2 Most Common:
Multiplicative Property of Equality
Additive Property of Equality
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Multiplicative Property of Equality
The two sides of an equation remain equal if they are multiplied by the same number. That is: for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then ac = bc.
x = y; and x • 8 = y • 8
m=20 ; and m • 2 = 20 • 2
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Additive Property of Equality• Additive Property of Equality: The two
sides of an equation remain equal if they are increased by the same number.
• That is: for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a + c = b + c.
x = y; and x + 6 = y + 6
m=15 ; and m + 5 = 15 + 5
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ZERO PROPERTY OF MULTIPLICATION
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Zero Property of MultiplicationThe product of 0 and any number results in 0.That is, for any real number a, a × 0 = 0.
Examples:
0 • (-4) = 0
m • 0 = 0
(27x2y4) • 0 = 0
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MULTIPLICATION PROPERTY OF NEGATIVE ONE
-1
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Multiplication Property of Negative One
When you multiply a number by −1 it becomes the opposite of what you multiplied by −1.
Examples:
−1 • 5= −5
m • (− 1) = (− m)
-(7 – 3x) = -7 + 3x
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PRACTICE
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
4 (8 2) = (4 8) 2
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
4 (8 2) = (4 8) 2
Associative Property of Multiplication
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
6 + 8 = 8 + 6
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
6 + 8 = 8 + 6
Commutative Property of Addition
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
12 + 0 = 12
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
12 + 0 = 12
Additive Identity Property
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5(2 + 9) = (5 2) + (5 9)
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5(2 + 9) = (5 2) + (5 9)
Distributive Property
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
m + 12 + (-12) = 5 + (-12)
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
m + 12 + (-12) = 5 + (-12)
Equality Property of Addition
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5 + (2 + 8) = (5 + 2) + 8
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5 + (2 + 8) = (5 + 2) + 8
Associative Property of Addition
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
59
95
1
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
Multiplicative Inverse Property
59
95
1
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5 24 = 24 5
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
5 24 = 24 5
Commutative Property of Multiplication
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
x • 0 = 0
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
x • 0 = 0
Zero Property of Multiplication
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
18 + -18 = 0
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
18 + -18 = 0
Additive Inverse Property
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
-34 1 = -34
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
-34 1 = -34
Multiplicative Identity Property
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
-64 (-1) = 64
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Identify which property that justifies each of the following.
-64 (-1) = 64
Multiplication Property of Negative 1
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CONCEPT REVIEW
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Roots
Inverse operation of exponential form. Also used to isolate the variable and solve equations.
162 x
162 x
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Combine Like Terms
Like terms are monomials that are of the same category. That is they are both constants, or they contain the same variables raised to the same powers. They can be combined to form a single term or used to simplify expressions & equations.
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Combine Like TermsCombine like terms to simplify the expression.
10 + 4x3 + 7x4 – x2 + 5x3 +4x2 – 2x4 – 6
Hint: Remember to only combine terms that are all from the same number family (constants with constants, x2 with other
x2, x3 with x3, and x4 with x4)
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Combine Like Terms
10 + 4x3 + 7x4 – x2 + 5x3 +4x2 – 12x4 – 6
+ 7x4 – 12x4 + 4x3 + 5x3 – x2 +4x210 – 6
+ 7x4– 12x4 + 4x3+ 5x3 +4x2 – x2 – 6 + 10
-5x4 + 9x3 + 2x2 + 4
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Opposites
Two real numbers that are the same distance from the origin of the real number line are opposites of each other.
Examples of opposites:
2 and -2 -100 and 100 and 15 15
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Reciprocals
Two numbers whose product is 1 are reciprocals of each other.
Examples of Reciprocals:
and 5 -3 and 13
54
45
and5
1
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Absolute Value
The absolute value of a number is its distance from 0 on the number line. The absolute value of x is written .
Examples of absolute value:
x
5 5 37
37
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Least Common Denominator
The least common denominator (LCD) is the smallest number divisible by all the denominators.
Example: The LCD of is 12 because 12 is the smallest number into which 3 and 4 will both divide.
23
54
and
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Adding Two Fractions
34
56
912
1012
1912
To add two fractions you must first find the LCD. In the problem below the LCD is 12. Then rewrite the two addends as equivalent expressions with the LCD. Then add the numerators and keep the denominator.