properties of reservoir fluids (pge...

25
Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362) Reservoir Fluids Characteristics BY DR. MOHAMMED A. KHAMIS 27-04-2017

Upload: others

Post on 25-Sep-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)

Reservoir Fluids Characteristics BY

DR. MOHAMMED A. KHAMIS 27-04-2017

Page 2: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Specific Gravity (π›Ύπ‘œ ):

π›Ύπ‘œ = πœŒπ‘œ

πœŒπ‘€

°𝐴𝑃𝐼 = 141.5

π›Ύπ‘œ βˆ’ 131.5

π›Ύπ‘œ = 141.5

131.5 + 𝐴𝑃𝐼

Black Oil Properties

Page 3: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Specific Gravity (π›Ύπ‘œ ):

Example 8-1 (McCain book, page 225):

Solution:

Black Oil Properties

Page 4: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo):

Black Oil Properties

Reservoir (P,T)

Gas out of Solution

Surface (Ps,Ts)

Page 5: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo): The volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank.

π΅π‘œ = π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ + π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘£π‘’π‘‘ π‘”π‘Žπ‘  π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘£π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘£π‘œπ‘–π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘£π‘œπ‘–π‘Ÿ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘˜ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

Units: res bbl/STB

Factors affecting oil volume change: 1. Gas evolution

2. Pressure reduction

3. Temperature reduction

Black Oil Properties

Page 6: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo): Typical shape (Bo vs. Pressure):

When the value of Bo = 1.0 res bbl/STB?

π‘π‘œ = 1

π΅π‘œ (shrinkage factor)

Search for:

The temperature effect on Bo ! (to be

discussed next class)

Black Oil Properties

Page 7: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo): Example 8-2 (McCain book, page 226):

Solution:

π΅π‘œ = 400 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  𝑐𝑐

274 𝑆𝑇 𝑐𝑐= 1.46

π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑆𝑇𝐡

Black Oil Properties

Page 8: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo): Correlation:

Black Oil Properties

Page 9: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs): The quantity of gas dissolved in oil at reservoir conditions. It is the amount of gas that evolves

from the oil as the oil is transported from the reservoir to the surface conditions.

𝑅𝑠 = π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘”π‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘Žπ‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘˜ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

𝑠𝑐𝑓

𝑆𝑇𝐡

Black Oil Properties

Page 10: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs): Typical shape (Rs vs. Pressure):

Search for:

The temperature effect on Rs ! (to be

discussed next class)

Black Oil Properties

Page 11: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs): Correlation:

Black Oil Properties

Page 12: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs): Example 8-3 (McCain book, page 229):

Calculate the solution gas oil ratio of the reservoir liquid of the previous example

(Example 8-2).

Solution:

𝑅𝑠 =π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘”π‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘Žπ‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘˜ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ 

𝑠𝑐𝑓

𝑆𝑇𝐡

𝑅𝑠 = 1.21 𝑠𝑐𝑓

274 𝑆𝑇 𝑐𝑐 6.2898 Γ— 10βˆ’6 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑐𝑐= 702

𝑠𝑐𝑓

𝑆𝑇𝐡

Black Oil Properties

Page 13: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Total Formation Volume Factor (Bt):

Black Oil Properties

Page 14: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Total Formation Volume Factor (Bt): Also two-phase formation volume factor.

𝐡𝑑 = π΅π‘œ + 𝐡𝑔 𝑅𝑠𝑏 βˆ’ 𝑅𝑠

Units: bbl/STB + bbl/scf (scf/STB) = bbl/STB

Black Oil Properties

Page 15: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Total Formation Volume Factor (Bt): Typical shape (Bt vs. Pressure):

Search for:

The temperature effect on Bt ! (to be

discussed next class)

Black Oil Properties

Page 16: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Total Formation Volume Factor (Bt): Example 8-4 (McCain book, page 230):

Solution:

Bt = 1.569 bbl/STB

Black Oil Properties

Page 17: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil (Co): The instantaneous change of volume with pressure at constant temperature.

Also called Oil Compressibility.

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 1

𝑉

πœ•π‘‰

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

With molar volume:

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 1

𝑉𝑀

πœ•π‘‰π‘€

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

Or;

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 1

π΅π‘œ

πœ•π΅π‘œ

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

Black Oil Properties

Page 18: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil (Co): Above bubble point pressure:

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 1

𝑉

πœ•π‘‰

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

πΆπ‘œ 𝑃2 βˆ’ 𝑃1 = βˆ’ ln𝑉2

𝑉1

𝑉2 = 𝑉1 𝑒 𝐢0 𝑃1 βˆ’ 𝑃2

Black Oil Properties

Page 19: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil (Co): Above bubble point pressure

Example 8-4 (McCain book, page 233):

Solution:

πΆπ‘œ 𝑃2 βˆ’ 𝑃1 = βˆ’ ln𝑉2

𝑉1 , πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’

ln𝑉2𝑉1

𝑃2 βˆ’ 𝑃1

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 𝑙𝑛

60.3759.55

4014.7 βˆ’ 5014.7= 13.68 Γ— 10βˆ’6 π‘π‘ π‘–βˆ’1

Black Oil Properties

Page 20: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil (Co): Below bubble point pressure:

πΆπ‘œ = βˆ’ 1

π΅π‘œ

πœ•π΅π‘œ

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

+ 𝐡𝑔

π΅π‘œ

πœ•π‘…π‘ 

πœ•π‘ƒπ‘‡

Black Oil Properties

Page 21: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Viscosity (Β΅o): The measure of the resistance to flow exerted by a fluid.

Dynamic viscosity:

Units: (centipoise = g mass / 100 sec cm)

Kinematic viscosity: viscosity / density

Units: centistokes = centipoise /g/cc

Black Oil Properties

Page 22: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Viscosity (Β΅o): Typical shape (Β΅o vs. Pressure):

Search for:

The temperature effect on Bt ! (to be

discussed next class)

Black Oil Properties

Page 23: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Viscosity (Β΅o): Importance:

β€’ Calculation of two-phase flow

β€’ Gas-lift and pipeline design

β€’ Calculation of oil recovery either from natural depletion or from recovery

techniques such as water flooding and gas-injection processes

Black Oil Properties

Page 24: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Viscosity (Β΅o): Importance:

Black Oil Properties

Page 25: Properties of Reservoir Fluids (PGE 362)fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/pge_362_lecture18_4.pdfThe volume of reservoir oil required to produce one barrel of oil in the stock tank

Oil Viscosity (Β΅o): Importance:

Black Oil Properties