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Properties of Water

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Page 1: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

Properties of Water

Page 2: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water

• Water is a polar molecule.– Polar molecules have slightly

charged regions.– Nonpolar molecules do not have

charged regions.– Hydrogen bonds form between

slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative atoms.

About Water

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=water%20on%20a%20penny&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FQGUFtNuV7IEyM&tbnid=YH_rGRBYwnxYQM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.factfixx.com/2011/06/11/physics-drops-of-water-on-a-penny/&ei=0To3Uq-9CMynqQG3-4DQCw&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNGqCQArcXsX0NDftwNIokTSzzzKFA&ust=1379437646212166
Page 3: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• Hydrogen bonds are responsible for three important properties of water.– high specific heat (how much heat to raise 1 degree)– cohesion– adhesion

About Water

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cohesion+vs.+adhesion&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=4CiRYDAcjWHNNM&tbnid=BMnzIo5GwD24kM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/adhesion.html&ei=1zs3Us2_OMjuqQGz44GACg&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNG60CVYTB-8z4GiYFfTwDpG063BSw&ust=1379437845043532
Page 4: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• A solution is formed when one substance dissolves in another.– A solution is a homogeneous mixture.– Solvents dissolve other substances.– Solutes dissolve in a solvent.

About Solutions

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=homogenous%20mixture&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=1MMznaRNkJnSiM&tbnid=At1IgAVokfHfxM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://kitchenpress.wordpress.com/2012/01/28/milk-chocolate-muffins-with-walnuts/&ei=Djw3UuPOIMfmqwH-loHQBw&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNF4ho4BkuCKjC_-PPvo0VanVXlvJw&ust=1379437946205152
Page 5: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• “Like dissolves like.”– Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes.– Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.– Polar substances and nonpolar substances

generally remain separate.• Ex) oil and water

About Solutions

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=help%20im%20polar&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2-NVlwA63dZSmM&tbnid=heGnho40JMOJkM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/4630673/y/&ei=Xzo3UrryF4jDqgHpvoDQBA&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNEaEjtxGQ6yKpZu_MqrcO4K1Y57dw&ust=1379437531522337
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oil%20and%20water&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=R1TN3XKgajiTEM&tbnid=4lSM6hO1XlUiXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.utahpersonalinjurylawfirm.com/2012/05/alcohol-is-to-driving-as-oil-is-to-water/&ei=eTw3Uu9Eje-sAbzngIAG&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNGGUId6xqq1Lig_avIoMxq6JgC2oA&ust=1379438067129763
Page 6: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• A suspension is a mixture of water and nondissolved material.

• Some materials do not dissolve when placed in water but separate into pieces so small that they do not settle out.– ex) ketchup– ex) blood

About Solutions

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oil%20and%20water&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=R1TN3XKgajiTEM&tbnid=4lSM6hO1XlUiXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.utahpersonalinjurylawfirm.com/2012/05/alcohol-is-to-driving-as-oil-is-to-water/&ei=eTw3Uu9Eje-sAbzngIAG&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNGGUId6xqq1Lig_avIoMxq6JgC2oA&ust=1379438067129763
Page 7: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

Chromatography• Technique used to

separate a chemical mix into its parts based on their polarity.

• How is it used?

• Determine the presence of:– Cocaine in urine– Alcohol in blood– PCB's in fish – Lead in water– Pregnancy Tests

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=alcohol%20in%20blood%20with%20paper%20chromatography&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=YgP6Rr7W5a_CPM&tbnid=yIoHECEsNCXbkM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemhume.co.uk%2FA2CHEM%2FUnit%25201%2F8%2520Spectroscopy%2FCh8Spectroscopyc.htm&ei=oOA5Us9CgaqqAeC-gLgI&bvm=bv.52288139,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNGRhhwik9yWKv4mW5KS26I1IpKy1g&ust=1379611118481176
Page 8: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

Chromatography• In PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY,

capillary action carries a solvent up the paper. The solvent separates out the chemicals by their polarity.– Molecules with tighter attraction

to the paper will not go as far – Molecules with a tighter attraction

to the solvent.

Page 9: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

Chromatography• If water is the solvent:– The molecules that are more polar (like water)

will be carried farthest by water.– The molecules that are least polar will go the

shortest clinging tight to the paper

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZP_E0eTmMU

Page 10: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• Some compounds form acids or bases.• An acid releases a hydrogen ion when it dissolves in

water.– high H+ concentration– pH less than 7

Acids and Bases

More Acidic!Acidic!

Page 11: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• A base removes hydrogen ions from a solution.– low H+ concentration– pH greater than 7

More Basic

Acids and Bases

Basic!

Page 12: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• A neutral solution has a pH of 7.– example is water

Acids and Bases

NEUTRALACIDIC BASIC

NEUTRAL

Page 13: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

Acids and Bases• How can you tell if something is acidic or

basic?• USE INDICATORS

• Litmus Paper• Turns red in the presence of acids• Turns blue in the presence of bases

Page 14: Properties of Water. Life depends on Hydrogen bonds in water Water is a polar molecule. – Polar molecules have slightly charged regions. – Nonpolar molecules

• Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.

Acids and Bases


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