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Page 1: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000
Page 2: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

AgendaAgenda

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

• Primer: Overview of the relationship between property value & property taxes

• Overview of the revenue neutral calculation

• Property Tax Bill Scenarios

• Relationship of the value of a penny & financial policies

Page 3: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

The relationship between property taxes & property value

Page 4: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

How Property Taxes Are CalculatedHow Property Taxes Are Calculated

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Value = $100,000 Value = $120,000Value = $110,000

The total cost to provide all “County” services to the community is $1,000

Property Taxes are collected to pay for the “County” services

Page 5: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

How Property Taxes Are CalculatedHow Property Taxes Are Calculated

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes)

Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Step 3: $1,000 ÷ 330,000 = .00303

30.30¢ = Property Tax Rate(per $100 of assessed value)

Page 6: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

How Property Taxes Are CalculatedHow Property Taxes Are Calculated

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$100,000 (Value)X

30.30¢ (Tax Rate)$303 = Tax Bill

$120,000 (Value)X

30.30¢ (Tax Rate)$363 = Tax Bill

$110,000  (Value)X

30.30¢  (Tax Rate)$333 = Tax Bill

$1,000 approx.

Page 7: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #1: ReassessmentScenario #1: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$100,000 X

30.30¢  $303

$120,000 X

30.30¢$363

$110,000X

30.30¢ $333 

$1,000 approx.

Page 8: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #1: ReassessmentScenario #1: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Step 1: Total Property value = $346,000 (value of all 3 homes)

Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Step 3: $1,000 ÷ 346,000 = 0.002890

28.90¢ = Property Tax Rate

Increase in Property Value & No Increase in Cost to Provide Services = Tax Rate Decrease

Page 9: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #1: ReassessmentScenario #1: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$105,000 (New Value)X

28.90¢  (Tax Rate)$303 = Tax Bill

$126,000 (New Value)X

28.90¢ (Tax Rate)$363 = Tax Bill

$115,500  (New Value)X

28.90¢ (Tax Rate)$333 = Tax Bill

All residents have no change in the tax bill

Page 10: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Recap #1Recap #1

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

• Assessment places a market value on each property

• Property taxes are based on what a home is worth

• Total assessment value is used to calculate tax rates

• Taxes pay for the cost of County services

• If reassessments increase equally, then everyone pays the same taxes as before as long as the cost to provide services remain the same

Page 11: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #2: ReassessmentScenario #2: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$105,000 X

30.30¢  $303

$126,000 X

30.30¢$363

$115,500X

30.30¢ $333 

Page 12: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #2: ReassessmentScenario #2: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Step 1: Total Property value = $370,000 (value of all 3 homes)

Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Step 3: $1,000 ÷ 370,000 = 0.002703

27.03¢ = Property Tax Rate

Page 13: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #2: ReassessmentScenario #2: Reassessment

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v                                                                                                  

$110,250 (5% increase)X

27.03¢ (Tax Rate)$303 = Tax Bill$298 (less)

$138,600 (10% increase)X

27.03¢ (Tax Rate)$363 = Tax Bill$374 (more)

$121,275  (5% increase)X

27.03¢  (Tax Rate)$333 = Tax Bill$327 (less)

$1,000 approx.                                           

Page 14: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #3: Reassessment Increase in Service Cost 

Scenario #3: Reassessment Increase in Service Cost 

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$110,250 X

27.03¢ (Tax Rate)$298

$138,600X

27.03¢ (Tax Rate)$374

$121,275X

27.03¢  (Tax Rate)$327 

$1,000 approx.$1,200 approx.

Page 15: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #3:Reassessment Increase in Service Cost

Scenario #3:Reassessment Increase in Service Cost

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Step 1: Total Property value = $370,000 (value of all 3 homes)

Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,200

Step 3: $1,200 ÷ $370,000 = 0.003243

32.43¢ = Property Tax Rate

Page 16: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Reassessment Scenario #3Increase in Service Cost

Reassessment Scenario #3Increase in Service Cost

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$110,250X

32.43¢ (Tax Rate)$298$353

$138,600 X

32.43¢ (Tax Rate) $374$444 

$121,275  X

32.43¢ (Tax Rate) $327$388

$1,200 approx.

Page 17: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Recap #2Recap #2

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

• Assessment places a market value on each property

• Property taxes are based on what a home is worth

• Total assessment value is used to calculate tax rates

• Taxes pay for the cost of County services

• If reassessments increase equally, then everyone pays the same taxes as before as long as the cost to provide services remain the same

• When homes are assessed at different values, each homeowner will pay a different amount proportionally based on how much their home increased in value

• When the County’s cost to provide services increases, than there is a property tax increases and everyone pays their share proportionally across the board. 

Page 18: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #4New Construction

Scenario #4New Construction

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$110,250$138,600                             $121,275 $150,000 

Page 19: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #4 New Construction

Scenario #4 New Construction

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Step 1: Total Property value = $520,125 (value of all 4 homes)

Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,200

Step 3: $1,200 ÷ 520,125 = 0.002307

23.07¢ = Property Tax Rate

Page 20: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #4New Construction

Scenario #4New Construction

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$110,250X

23.07¢  $298$254

$138,600 X

23.07¢$374$319

$121,275  X

23.07¢ $327$280

$1,200 approx.

$150,000 X

23.07¢ $346                          

Page 21: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Recap #3Recap #3

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

• Assessment places a market value on each property

• Property taxes are based on what a home is worth

• Total assessment value is used to calculate tax rates

• Taxes pay for the cost of County services

• If reassessments increase equally, then everyone pays the same taxes as before as long as the cost to provide services remain the same

• When homes are assessed at different values, each homeowner will pay a different amount proportionally based on how much their home increased in value

• When the County’s cost to provide services increases, than there is a property tax increases and everyone pays their share proportionally across the board. 

• Taxes are based on the cost of providing services that residents want and need 

• New Construction helps support overall new tax growth

Page 22: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Revenue Neutral

Page 23: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

NC Property TaxNC Property Tax

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

• Levied based on pennies on every $100 of valuation on real and personal property• Tax rate must be a uniformed rate for the entire County (N.C. Const. Art. V, Sect. 2(5))• Exemptions and classifications must apply on a statewide basis (N.C. Const. Art. V, Sect. 2(2) &2(3))

o Homestead Exclusion for elderly or disabled low incomeo Present use value for agriculture or forestry use

$ Total Taxable Value$100 Tax Rate $Tax Levy

$Tax Levy %Estimated Collection Rate $ Estimated Tax Revenue

$ Total Taxable Value$100 . 01 %Estimated Collection Rate Value of 1₵

Page 24: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

What is Revenue Neutral?What is Revenue Neutral?

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Revenue Neutral Is…• Calculation of tax rate that would generate the same revenue accounting for growth• Provides comparison of tax rate before and after revaluation• Published with the Budget per the General Statute• Calculated only after total values are know• Single value  

Revenue Neutral Is Not…• Required to be adopted• A value that varies by different property types or locations• Impacted by rates of cities or towns• A calculation that factors

o Changes in collection rateo One‐time revenue from the prior year, such as carryforward or fund balanceo Annualized expenses

Page 25: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Revenue Neutral CalculationRevenue Neutral Calculation

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

NC GS 159‐11(e)

…To calculate the revenue‐neutral tax rate, the budget officer shall first determine a rate that would produce revenues equal to those produced for the current fiscal year and then increase the rate by a growth factor equal to the average annual percentage increase in the tax base due to improvements since the last general reappraisal.…

Page 26: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Calculating Revenue NeutralExample

Calculating Revenue NeutralExample

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

FY2020 Value $182,180,000,000

(example only)

Revenue Neutral Rate60.00

(example only)

FY2019 Value $129,723,000,000

FY2019 Rate82.32 

FY2019 Tax Levy$1,067,879,736

Rate Required to Generate FY2019 Levy

58.62

Average Annual % Increase Due to Improvements

2.36%

Page 27: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Tax Bill Scenarios

Page 28: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

QuartilesQuartiles

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

13

22Lower  37

48

60Median 65

78

88Upper 90

100

101

25% of the records →

25% of the records →

25% of the records →

25% of the records →

Quartiles are the values that divide a list of numbers into quarters: Put the list of numbers in order; Then cut the list into four equal parts.

If all records are set in order• Median is the record in the middle• Lower quartile is halfway between middle and bottom• Upper quartile is halfway between  middle and top

Interquartile• Between lower quartile and upper quartile• Middle 50% of all records

Following examples use• The quartiles of FY2019 value &• The quartiles in terms of % change using preliminary data

Page 29: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #1 – Median HomeScenario #1 – Median Home

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Median Home FY2019

Home Value $154,100

Value of Vehicles $23,944

County Tax Bill $1,466

FY2020 Low Mid High

Home Value $198,542 $216,372 $241,660

Change in Value 28.84% 40.41% 56.82%

Value of Vehicles $23,944 $23,944 $23,944

County Tax Bill $1,335 $1,442 $1,594

Change in Tax Bill ($131) or (8.9%) ($24) or (2.2%) $128 or 8.7%

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

• Average vehicle value in FY19 was $11,827 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Potential Assessment Outcomes: Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Potential assessment outcome

Page 30: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #2 – What about higher value property?(upper quartile)

Scenario #2 – What about higher value property?(upper quartile)

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

3rd Quartile FY2019

Home Value $242,200

Value of Vehicles $23,944

County Tax Bill $2,191

FY2020 Low Mid High

Home Value $312,050 $340,073 $379,818

Change in Value 28.84% 40.41% 56.82%

Value of Vehicles $23,944 $23,944 $23,944

County Tax Bill $2,016 $2,184 $2,434

Change in Tax Bill ($175) or (8%) ($7) or (0.6%) $232 or 10.6%

• Average vehicle value in FY19 was $11,827 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Potential assessment outcomes ‐ Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

Potential assessment outcome

Page 31: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #3 – What about a really high value property?(500K home)

Scenario #3 – What about a really high value property?(500K home)

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

$500K

Home Value $500,000

Value of Vehicles $23,944

County Tax Bill $4,313

FY2020 Low Mid High

Home Value $644,200 $702,050 $784,100

Change in Value 28.84% 40.41% 56.82%

Value of Vehicles $23,944 $23,944 $23,944

County Tax Bill $4,009 $4,356 $4,848

Change in Tax Bill ($304) or (7.1%) $43 or (1%) $535 or 12.4%

• Average vehicle value in FY19 was $11,827 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Potential assessment outcomes ‐ Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

Potential assessment outcome

Page 32: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Scenario #4 – What about lower value property?(lower quartile)

Scenario #4 – What about lower value property?(lower quartile)

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

1st Quartile FY2019

Home Value $104,400

Value of Vehicles $23,944

County Tax Bill $1,057

FY2020 Low Mid High

Home Value $134,509 $146,588 $163,720

Change in Value 28.84% 40.41% 56.82%

Value of Vehicles $23,944 $23,944 $23,944

County Tax Bill $951 $1,023 $1,126

Change in Tax Bill ($106) or (10%) ($33) or (3.2%) $69 or 6.6%

• Average vehicle value in FY19 was $11,827 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Potential assessment outcomes ‐ Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Example with60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

Potential assessment outcome

Page 33: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Commercial Scenario #5 – Median CommercialCommercial Scenario #5 – Median Commercial

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

Median Commercial FY2019

Real Property Value $337,700

Personal Property Value  $14,707

County Tax Bill $2,901

FY2020 Low Mid High

Real Property Value $434,215 $557,982 $766,647

Change in Value 28.58% 65.23% 127.02%

Personal Property Value  $14,707 $14,707 $14,707

County Tax Bill $2,694 $3,436 $4,688

Change in Tax Bill ($207) or (7.2%) $535or 18.4% $1,787 or 61.6%

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

• Median commercial personal property in FY19 was $14,707 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Potential assessment outcome

Commercial property value has increased at a greater rate than residential

Values for commercial vary greater than residential

Page 34: PropertyTaxRate Final (002).pptx [Read-Only]...How Property Taxes Are Calculated Step 1: Total Property value = $330,000 (value of all 3 homes) Step 2: Cost to provide services = $1,000

Commercial Scenario #6– What about higher value property? (upper quartile)

Commercial Scenario #6– What about higher value property? (upper quartile)

w w w . M e c k N C . g o v

3rd Quartile

Real Property Value $965,650

Personal Property Value  $87,695

County Tax Bill $8,671

FY2020 Low Mid High

Real Property Value $1,241,633 $1,595,543 $2,192,219

Change in Value 28.58% 65.23% 127.02%

Personal Property Value  $87,695 $87,695 $87,695

County Tax Bill $7,976 $10,099 $13,679

Change in Tax Bill ($695) or (8%) $1,428 or 16.5% $5,008 or 57.8%

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

• Upper quartile commercial personal property in FY19 was $87,695• Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Potential assessment outcome

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Commercial Scenario #7 – What about lower value property?(lower quartile)

Commercial Scenario #7 – What about lower value property?(lower quartile)

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1st Quartile

Real Property Value $149,500

Personal Property Value  $3,013

County Tax Bill $1,255

FY2020 Low Mid High

Real Property Value $192,227 $247,019 $339,395

Change in Value 28.58% 65.23% 127.02%

Personal Property Value  $3,013 $3,013 $3,013

County Tax Bill $1,171 $1,500 $2,054

Change in Tax Bill ($84) or (6.7%) $245 or 19.5% $799 or 63.6%

Example with 60 cent tax rate

FY201982.32 cent tax rate

• Lower quartile commercial personal property in FY19 was $3,013 (vehicles and personal property are not increased by assessment)• Low, Mid and High possibilities represent interquartile of percentage change for residential property (Q1, median, Q3)

Potential assessment outcome

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Key PointsKey Points

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• New construction helps support overall new tax growth

• Revenue neutral will be calculated for comparison to the Manager’s Recommended Budget

• Revenue neutral tax rate does not equate to having no change to the individual tax bill

• Values for commercial property have grown faster than values for residential propertyo Commercial property will make up a greater share of the property base for FY2020

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Relationship of the value of a penny & financial policies

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Value of a Penny and Policies for Funding CapitalValue of a Penny and Policies for Funding Capital

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FY2019 Adopted Budget  1₵ in taxes = $12.8MillionTax Rate = $82.32 Cents

Example1₵ in taxes = $18 MillionTax Rate = $60 Cents

Debt Service Pay‐go EnterpriseReserves Operating

Pennies: 19.5¢Yield: $250M

Pennies: 3¢Yield: $38.5M

Pennies: 1.75¢Yield: $22M

Pennies: 58.07¢Yield: $745.8M

Debt Service Pay‐go Enterprise Reserves Operating

Pennies: 19.5¢Yield: $352M 

Change: $102M 

Pennies: 3¢Yield: $54M 

Change: $15.5M 

Pennies: 1.75¢Yield: $32M 

Change: $10M 

Pennies: 35.75¢Yield: $645 

Change: ($100.8M)

Debt Service Pay‐go EnterpriseReserves Operating

Pennies: 14.21¢Yield: $256M Change:$6M 

Pennies: 2.19¢Yield: $39M 

Change: $0.5M 

Pennies: 1.28¢Yield: $23M Change: $1M 

Pennies: 42.33¢Yield: $763M 

Change: $17.2M 

Debt Service Pay‐go Enterprise Reserves Operating

Pennies: 13.89¢Yield: $250M Change: $0 

Pennies: 2.14¢Yield: $38.5M Change: $0  

Pennies: 1.25¢Yield : $22M Change: $0  

Pennies: 42.73¢Yield: $771M 

Change: $25.2M 

Without Adjusting Policy         → 

Adjusting Policy  ProportionalTo Exis ng Alloca on → 

Adjust to Hold Funding Flat For Capital                                         → 

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