proposal bahasa inggris stai mu tanjungpinang
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Ini adalah contoh proposal mahasiswa STAI MU tanjungpinang. Boleh di pelajari, tapi jangan dijiplak mentah2TRANSCRIPT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIDEO MEDIA IN TEACHING
SPEAKING ABOUT EXPRESSIONS OF SYMPATHY AND AFFECTION
TO THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 4 BINTAN
A. Background of The Problem
English is not only use as an official language in many
nations, but also influence on many different cultures in a large
number of countries; it is the central language of communication
in the world-wide1. The development in the quality of English learning has not
satisfaction. This is because of lack of several factors to support the learning and
teaching approaches. Teaching and learning English implementation still has
shortages of textbooks, unqualified English teachers and also unstandardized
curriculum.2
There some problems that cause The students can not speak English
because The media of learning rarely used in teaching process and the teacher
unqualified in teaching process so that make the students are not interest with
English.
The problem will be difference in each level of school. The problem will
not be same between students in the primary school with students in junior high
school and senior high school. Some experts assumed that there are many factors
1 Susanna, A(The weak language learner: a study of ways of taking weak language learners into consideration in class(Sweden: Vaxjo University,2007),page.1152Thongma Souriyavongs, Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning, accessed https://www.academia.edu/2442165/Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning A Case Study in the National University of Laos, Februari17th at 08:18 a.m
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that make the students can not speak English Well. One expert assumed that lack
of media can make student can not speak English well.
So Media is verry important. There are some factors causes the student can not
speak English :
1. English is regarded as a difficult subject to learn.
Many students think that English is difficult because English
has a different structure with Indonesian.
2. Learners’ learning depends on the English teachers as
authorities.
Students learn English only depend on what did the teacher
gave. They rarely want to learn English to others whey they
are in the home.
3. There is a lack of support to use English in the home
environment and the community.
There is no English comunity in the school or in their
inverontment.
4. The teacher are not ready in teaching English.
They rarely use interactive media in teaching English in the
class.
5. Learners have insufficient or lacking of exposure to the
language as there is a limited opportunity to use English
outside the classrooms.
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The students rarely practice to speak English outside the
classrooms.
6. Students have a limitation of vocabulary proficiency as well
as English reading materials are not always available.
The student are not mastery many vocabularies can cause
they can not speak English.
7. Learners have an unwillingness and lack of motivation to
learn English as they do not see the immediate need to use
the language.
The students lack of motifation to lear English because they
do not know the reality of usefull of English because they are
not working yet.
8. Lack of motivation for learning or the negative attitude
towards the target language. Lack of motivations can make
negative effect in learning English3.
Learning media is a integral part of learning process in the class. To get
maximum result, Learning process have to have a knowladge about processing
learning media as a help tool for make clear and make a lesson can be mastered
by student in the class4.
3 Thongma Souriyavongs, Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning, accessed https://www.academia.edu/2442165/Factors Causes Students Low English Language Learning A Case Study in the National University of Laos, Februari17th at 08:18 a.m4 Sharon E.Smaldino, Intructional Technology & Media for Learning(Jakarta:kencana Pernada Group, 2008), page. 311.
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To encrease quality of learning process and the result of learning, we may not
to forget a fact that student have to make many interactions with sources of
learning. Without good source of learning, its very impossible a good learning
process can be achieved. So, Teaching media is very important in learning
process. Learning Media can increase academic activities of students.
Video as a learning media can be use to make student interes with the study.
Video can creat a innovative effect and realistic image. The students not only can
imagine but they can see directly and hear what they said in the video. Video can
process a learning become an avialable interactive learning. By using video, the
students can know and learn english as they meet the native speaker from abroad.
They can hear the really pronounciations from native speaker and can folow how
the native speaker talk, and know how to produce the good pronunciations. If
video always used in teaching speaking in the class, it can improove the speaking
skill of the student in the class.
There are many problems about speaking that happened in the school. Based to
the pre-observation to the school, the writer found some problems about first year
students speaking skill at SMA Negeri 4 Bintan such us :
1. The students can not speak English.
2. The students are not convidence to speak English when they are studying
English in the class.
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3. The Students are not interest to speak English because they think that
Speak English must be perfect (afraid to make mistake when they are
speaking English).
4. The students are not interest with English because the teacher focused to
text books.
5. The English teachers never use media video in teaching English.
6. Some students rarely finished their home work.
7. The students can not practice to speak English with simple conversations
such as a short conversations about how to express their sympathy and
affection to other infront of the class.
8. The students are lazy to study English in the class and outside of the class.
9. Almost 45 % The students’ achievement is under the standart of minimal
achievement (KKM).
Based to the some problems above, the writter interest to do the research about
the effectiveness of using video media in teaching speaking about expressions
of sympathy and affections to the first year students of SMA Negeri 4 Bintan.
B. The Reasons of Choosing The Title
The writer choose this title because :
1. This research has never been done by the students of English Education
Department of Institute Miftahul ‘Ulum For Islamic Studies
Tanjungpinang
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2. This research is match with the writter educations background(English
Deparment Student in English Education Department of Institute Miftahul
‘Ulum For Islamic Studies Tanjungpinang )
3. The location of the research is near the writer’s office so that it can be
reached easily.
C. Definitions of The Term
The terminology used in this research can be define in the following :
1. Effectiveness is Producing the result that is wanted or intended.5
Effectiveness can be define as correctly result.
2. Video derived from the latin “Video-Vidi-Vidisum” it can be mean “See”6
Video can be define as a moving picture with sound that we can see from
the screen.
3. Media derived from the latin “medium” it can be mean as intermediary.
“Media dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah alat untuk mentransfer informasi
untuk dipelajari atau bisa juga disebut perantara pesan”. So, Media can
be define as a tool to transfer informations to study or can be called as
mediator messege.7 Media is a best tool to transfer knowledge to styudent.
4. Teaching is Work of a teacher: earn a living by teaching8 Teaching can be
define as an activity in knowledge transfering process done by teacher to
the student.
5 Oxford University,Oxford Learner’s Pocket(China:Oxford University,2004),page.1386 K. Prent dkk, Kamus Latin-Indonesia(Bandung:Rineka Cipta,1969), page. 9267 Syaiful Bahri Djamarah, Aswan Zain, Strategi Belajar Mengajar(Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2006),page. 1208 Oxford University,Oxford Learner’s Pocket(China:Oxford University,2004),page.443
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5. Speaking can be define as so much a part of daily life that we take it for
granted.9. Speaking can be define as a process pruducing sentences that
have mean and happen a feedback from the speaker.
6. Student can be define as :
a. “Orang yang belajar di perguruan tinggi atau universitas” Person
Who is studying at a college or university.
b. “Orang yang belajar di sekolah” Person studying at school.
Student can be define as people that studying a studies10.
D. The Problems
1. Identifications of The problem
There are some problems happened when the teacher teach speaking to the
students. Toward Early observations in SMA Negeri 4 Bintan, The writer make
some conclusions about the problem of the first year students in SMA Negeri 4
Bintan :
1. Almost all The first year students of SMA 4 Bintan have a problem in
learning speaking.
2. The students are not interest in learning process, they are feel bored to
the teacher, because the teacher teach this competency without media.
3. The students are not convidence to speak English when they are
studying English.
9 Scott Thronbury, The Elements of Foreign Language Teaching(Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, Ltd,1997),page.1.10 Syaiful Bahri Djamarah, Aswan Zain, Strategi Belajar Mengajar(Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2006),page.429
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4. The Students are not interest to speak English because they think that
Speak English must be perfect (afraid to make mistake when they are
speaking English).
5. The students are not interest with English because the teacher focused
on the text books.
6. The English teachers never use media video in teaching English.
7. Some students rarely finished their home work.
8. The students can not practice to speak English with simple
conversations such as a short conversations about how to express their
sympathy or showing affections to others infront of the class.
9. The students are lazy to study English in the class and outside of the
class.
10. Almost 45 % The students’ achievement is under the standart of
minimal achievement (KKM).
Therefore, it is needed a solution to solve this problem to change this
conditions. As the result, the reseacher will use the video media in teaching
speaking about using expressions of symphaty and showing affections to the
first year students of SMA 4 Bintan. It is to know how is the effectiveness a
video media in speaking learning process.
2. Limitations of The Problem
Due to the researcher’s limitations of time, he limits this research only
about the effectiveness of using video media in teacing speaking about using
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expressions of sympathy and affection to the first year students of SMA 4
Bintan.
3. Formulations of The Problem
The formulations of the problem in this research is as folows :
a. How is the effectiveness of using video media in teaching speaking
about using expressions of sympathy and affection to the first year
students of SMA Negeri 4 Bintan ?
b. How is the students achievement after using video media in teaching
speaking about expression of symphaty and affection in the class ?
E. Objectives and Need of The Research
1. The Objectives of The Research
Based on the problem, this research aimed at finding out:
a. To know the effectivess of video media in teaching speaking about
expressions of sympathy and affection to the First year student of SMA
Negeri 4 Bintan.
b. To know the students achievement after using video media in teaching
speaking about expression of symphaty and affection in the class.
2. The Need of Research
This research is very useful for teachers and students. There are two needs of
this study :
a. Theoretically
1. To improove student’s speaking ability about expressing sympathy
and affection.
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2. To kwow how is student’s speaking skill about expressing sympathy
and affection.
b. Practically
1. To give a good sugestion to the headmaster to provide facilities such
as video media as a learning source to get student’s attetions when
they are studying in the class
2. To motivate the teacher that the teacher must be creatife and
innovative in using learning media to the students.
F. Hypothesis
“Hipotesis dapat diartikan sebagai jawaban sementara dari sebuah penelitian
sampai menjadi fakta melalui data yang telah terkumpul” Hypothesis can be
define as an tentative answer from a research problem until it become a fact
through data collected.11 Hypothesis is a tentative answer to prove the research
problem through data collected. Hypothesis will be compare with the data
collected, after that quality of hyphotesis can be known. There are two types of
hypothesis. They are :
1. Ha(Hypothesis Alternative)
“Hipotesis Alternatif mengacu pada sebuah hubungan antara variabel
X dan Y atau mengacu pada perbedaan yang signifikan”. it is refers a
corelations between variable X and Y or it is refers a significant
differences between two groups. In this research There is a significant
difference between using video media in teaching speaking.
11 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2010),page. 110.
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2. Ho(Null Hypothesis) :
“Hipotesis Null mengacu pada tidak adanya perbedaan antara variabel
X dan Y”. It is refers no significant difeerence between variable X and Y
or there is no impact from variable X and Y. In this research, There is no
significant difference between using media video in teaching speaking12.
G. Operational Variable
“Operasional variabel adalah segala sesuatu yang akan menjadi objek
penelitian”. Operational variable is everything that will be objects of research13.
The purpose of this study is to teach SMA students. Focuse to the importants of
learning about using expressions of sympathy and affection for the student to
encrease their mastery in Speaking Skill, it is necessary for the teachers to find
appropiate teaching media to make the student interest with English and it is
necessary to improve Students speaking skill. This study deal with the finding of
the better technique of teaching English especially in Speaking. There are two
variables in this research :
1. Dependent Variable
Dependent variable in this research is the speaking skill of The first year
students of SMA Negeri 4 Bintan.
2. Independent variable
Independent variable in this research is Video Media
H. Theoretical Framework
12 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2010),page. 11013 Abdurrahmat Fathoni, Metodelogi Penelitian & Teknik Penyusunan Skripsi(Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2006),page.24.
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1. Teaching Media
Media derived from the latin “medium” it can be mean as intermediary.
“Media dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah alat untuk mentransfer informasi
untuk dipelajari atau perantara pesan”. So, Media can be define as a tools to
transfer informations to study or mediator messege14. “Media pembelajaran
dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah alat untuk mentransfer informasi-informasi
kepada pembelajar untuk mendapatkan pesan-pesan untuk memcapai tujuan
pembelajaran”. Teaching Media can be define as a tool to trasnsfer
informations to the learner to get messeges to achieve the aim of learning15
Learning media can be define as a media that use to transfer informations or
messege from the teacher to the student.
2. Media as a Teaching sources
“Proses pembelajaran adalah sebuah proses pengantaran informasi
kepada pelajar” Learning process is a transfering of information processing to
the students. ‘Ada beberapa jenis sumber pembelajaran yaitu : manusia, buku
atau perpustakaan, media massa, lingkungan dan Media pembelajaran”.
There are some kinds of learning sources. They are : human, book/library,
Mass media, Environtment, and Learning Media.16 Learning media have an
important position to educations. Media as a helpfull tool have a good impact.
3. Types of Media
14 Syaiful Bahri Djamarah, Aswan Zain, Strategi Belajar Mengajar(Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2006),page. 120.15Ibid.,page.121.16 Syaiful Bahri Djamarah, Aswan Zain, Strategi Belajar Mengajar(Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2006),page.122.
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“Ada beberapa jenis media seperti : Media Audio, Media Visual dan
Audio Visual”. There are some kinds of media such as:
a. Audio Media
Audio media only focus to voice or sounds like radio, cassette
recorder.
b. Visual Media
Visual Media is a media that focus to static image, or printed. This
media not use sound or voice
c. Audio Visual Media
Audio Visual Media is a media that combine between visual and audio.
This media more complete than Audio or visual only. Audio visual can
be like a videos(movie), film from projector, etc17.
4. The Definitons of Video
There are some definitions of video according to the experts.
1. Video derived from the latin “Video-Vidi-Vidisum” it can be mean
“See”18.
2. Video can be define as a moving picture that we can see from the
screen.
3. “Video dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah bagian dari gambar-gambar di
televisi atau sebuah gambar hidup yang sudah direkam di televisi”
Video can be define as 1) a part that appear images on the television;
17 Ibid., page.124.18 K. Prent dkk, Kamus Latin-Indonesia(Bandung:Tri Cipta,1969), page. 926.
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2) A live image recorded that appeared on the television;19 Video can
be mean as an interactive picture that appeared by the television.
4. Video can be define as the storage of visuals and their display on the
television-typescreen”20
Based on some definitions above, video can be define as
something that we can see, motions image, record process.
5. The strength of Video in learning process
The conditions in technology erra, make student familiar with television in
their home. The student can use their television to watch videos. With this
conditions, The teacher can make or copy the video related to the learning
process from the internet and burn it to the discs and spread them to the
students. They can watch the videos in their home. Watching videos can
make we more understand and make the subject studied by the teacher can be
memoriable for the students. In afective, video can icrease emotional unsure
and actions from effective learning because a video has a power of emotional
impact. Video can make the student lought, keep smile,or sad and cry. In
psikomotoryc, video have a strength in display how is somethings do a
reactions such as in demontrate a way to make a flower(handycraft) from a
paper, or make a cake, or make a juice. It will appear more simply, detiel, and
can be random many times. By using media video, the teacher can give a
challange to their student to observe and evaulate their practise and they can
give the feedback from what they watch.
19 Eko Endarmoko,Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia(1995), page.1119.20 Sharon E.Smaldino, Intructional Technology & Media for Learning(Jakarta:kencana Pernada Group, 2008), page.374
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In competency interpersonal, by using video the teacher can give a
challange to the students to do disscuss about what they watch in the video.
Video or film can give an effectivness and effesiency of learning process such
as :
1. Video Solve problem space and time
Video can make the student’s imagine the place like they watch.
2. Video can decribe a history in short time.
Video can describe a history happened in the last.
3. Video can make the student go to a country in other side of world
without they have to move.
4. Video can be repeated many times.
We can replay the video anytime.
5. Video can transfer the messege direcly and memoriable.
Video can make the student’s cacth the messege directly
6. Video can make the student imaginate and develope their imaginations
automaticly.
7. Video can enclear abstract dan give a describing more reall.
Video can make abstrack more reall
8. Video can make the student able to express their opinion.
The are many strength of video, it will be memoriable something, easy
to see, easy to describe history in short time etc21.
6. The weakness of Video in learning process
21 Sharon E.Smaldino, Intructional Technology & Media for Learning(Jakarta:kencana Pernada Group, 2008), page. 311.
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Video has some weaknees such us :
1. Video more emphasis to how important a subjec but not focus to
developing of the subject
2. Video media still expensive for teacher, especially for teachers in
the small school or schools in the village22.
7. The Types of Video
There are some kind of video technique such as :
1. Video live
Video live can be explain as a video by using television directly. In
this video, there is a teacher as a host and only used one language. The
host in the video have a fuction as a guide to the subject.
The video will appear important items that will be learned and there is
a guidence to describe what the student have to take pay attention and
what the student do by student to explore the video.
2. Video source
Video source can be explain as a video that appear the subject
indirectly. The aim of this video is to give a describing a new language
or new illustrations to the each steps23.
8. The Types of Video Technique
There are some types of video technique such as :
a. Listening Comphrension
22 Nugent, Sharon E.Smaldino, Video as a teaching media , accessible http://eduka-zie.blogspot.com/2010/11/video-sebagai-media-pembelajaran.html, January 1th 2014 at 09:40 a.m23 Nugent, Sharon E.Smaldino, Video as a teaching media , accessible http://eduka-zie.blogspot.com/2010/11/video-sebagai-media-pembelajaran.html, January 1th 2014 at 09:40 a.m
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There are some activities in this video. The student asked to fill a
blank conversation based to the videos appeared.
b. Silent viewing
The teacher only use video visual, without a voice, ant the student
asked to peredic what the actor said in the film. The student have to
predict a keyword related to the video like a topic.
c. Jigsaw viewing
This technique do with a group. One group sonsist of two person.
One of two person see the video and one other have to close the eyes.
The one who watch the movie have to describe the videos like a actress
or actor and give some clues and the one who close the eyes have to
predict who is the actor or actrees from the clues given by the one who
watch the movie.
d. Jigsay viewing with comentary
This technique almost same with Jigsaw viewing. This technique do
with a group. One group sonsist of two person. One of two person see
the video and one other have to close the eyes. The one who watch the
movie have to describe the videos like a actress or actor and give some
clues and the one who close the eyes have to predict who is the actor
or actrees from the clues given by the one who watch the movie.
The differences between Jigsaw viewing with Jigsaw Viewing with
comentary only in the type of video. The jigsaw viewing with
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comentary use a silent video(visual only without the sound) but The
jigsaw viewing use a video with sound(not silent video).
e. Video treasure hunt
In this technique student have to predict a dark screen of a video but
there is a sound there. They have to predict what the actor do in the
screen with analyze the voice or analyze the conversation from what
they hear. The student have to predict the character, emotions, object
etc in the dark video.
f. Predictions
In this technique, the student asked to predict what will happen
after they watched a half of the video. They have to speak and tell it
their predictions infront of class. After that the teacher will play the
next real video to the student.
g. Reserve Predictions
In this technique, the student watch the last part of the movie, after
that the teacher asked to the student to predict about the first part of the
movie in front of the class based their predictions. After that the
teacher will play the real video to the student.
h. Sequencing
In this technique, the student asked to arrage the video become a
good video. The video or movie appeared in the screen is random
videos. The student do discuss and arrange the part of the video24.
24 Nugent, Sharon E.Smaldino, Video as a teaching media, accessible http://eduka-zie.blogspot.com/2010/11/video-sebagai-media-pembelajaran.html, January 1th 2014 at 09:40 a.m
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I. Time and Location
The writer will do This research in 1st March 2014 in SMA Negeri 4
Sribintan (Tanjunguban Street. Km. 49. Sri Bintan Village). The writer will do
this research to the 1th Class).
J. Subject and Object of The Research
1. The Subject of The research
“Subjek penelitian adalah subjek yang akan di teliti oleh peneliti”.
The subject of the research is the subject that will be researched by
researcher. 25The subject of this research is the 1st class students of SMA
Negeri 4 Bintan.
2. The Object of The Research
The object of the research is the effectiveness of using media video in
teaching speaking about using expressions of sympathy and affection to
the first year students of SMA Negeri 4 Bintan.
K. Population and Sample
1. Population
“Populasi penelitian adalah semua subjek penelitian atau satu set
atau koleksi”. Population of the research is all of research subject or a
set (or collection) of all elements prosessing one or more attributes of
interest.26 The population of the research is all of students at 1st Year of
SMA Negeri 4 Bintan (Class 1a,1b and 1c) consist of 90 students.
25 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2002),Page.122.
26 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2010),page. 137.
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2. Sample
“Sampel adalah beberapa bagian dari populasi yang memberikan
informasi atau data yang dibutuhkan dalam sebuah penelitian atau
perwakilan dari populasi yang akan diteliti”. Sample of the research is
some parts of populations that give informations or data needed in a
research or a representative of pupulations will be observed.27 The
sample of this research is Class 1A. It is consist of 30 Students. They
are 15 male and 15 female.
Table. 1.2 The data of students of class 1A
Sample
Students of class 1A Total
Male Female
3015 15
30
L. Techniques of Collecting The Data
The researcher will use the technique using written test, which are pre-test
and post-test. This technique is aim at knowing how is far the effectiveness of
using media video in teaching speaking about using expressions of sympathy
and affection to the first year student of SMA 4 Bintan.
M. Techniques of Analyzing The Data
1. Technique Quantitative Analyzing.
27 Ibid.,page.174
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The writer will use Quantitative analyzing in this research. The
writer will use a experimental method to analyze the data from Pre-test
and Post-Test after that the data collected will be
compared.”Penelitian dilakukan melakukan dua kali observasi yaitu
penelitian sebelum percobaan dan penelitian sesudah percobaan” The
writer will do twice observations, they are before doing performing
experiment(01) and after doing performing experiment(02).28
t = Md
❑√ ∑ x2d
N (N−1)
Md : Mean from the comparations of pre test-post test
Xd : Deviation of subjects (d-Md)
∑ x2 d : Total of deviation kuadrat
N : Sample of subject
The formula to get Md is :
Md=∑ d
N
28 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta,2010),page. 124.
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