proposal defence slides fyp 1

7/28/2019 Proposal Defence Slides FYP 1

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INVESTIGATION ON THE RHEOLOGY OF DILUTEPARTIALLY HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE

SOLUTION

Supervisor: Dr. Zamri bin Abdullah

Internal Examiner: Mr. Azizul bin Buang

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Prepared by: Nor Asyiqin binti Zainal Abidin (13294)


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Background of Study

Problem Statement

Objectives & Scope of Study

Literature Reviews

Methodology

Conclusions

References


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Heraclitus (Greek philosopher) described as panta rei -everything flows.

The deformation and flow of matter.

The term comes from Greek rheos - to flow(Adebowale,2013).

Rheology

Used to describe the consistency of different products.

Including viscosity (thickness) and elasticity (stickiness).

Fluid rheology

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BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Source:

http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheolog

y.html
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.html


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Polymer flooding is widely used chemical EnhancedOil Recovery (EOR) techniques.

How modulus behavior reflects through thestrength of polymer solution?

There is no specific studies how the viscoelasticity of

HPAM is affected by various concentrations andtemperatures.

To know the trend - Investigate on the rheologicalproperties and modulus behavior effects subjectedto :Master Concentrations (ppm)Diluted Concentrations (ppm)Temperatures (C)

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PROBLEM STATEMENT


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Involves project planning and an experimentalwork.

To investigate the rheological effect of shearand elastic moduli subjected to concentrationand temperature difference.

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OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF STUDY

Source:

http://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosity
http://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosityhttp://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosity


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OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF STUDY

One key of EOR polymers that makespolymer flooding - most widely used

chemical EOR techniques is itsviscoelasticity.

Viscoelasticity contribute towardsimproved displacement efficiency &

oil recoveryin polymer floodoperations (Veerabhadrappa, 2012).

The contribution of elasticity ofviscoelastic polymers in various

concentrations and temperatureshas still not been investigated yet

Understanding the rheologicalproperties and modulus behavior isimportant to get the best out ofviscoelastic polymers -result inbetter recovery performance.

Significance of theProject


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LITERATURE REVIEW

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HPAM

broadly used asdrag reducing

agent and waterbased mud in

EOR

copolymer ofacrylamide andsodium acrylate

monomers

Contains(-CONH2) and

(-COOH)


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LITERATURE REVIEW

Figure 1: Structure of HPAM (Gao,

2013)

Figure 2: Polymer and EOR

(Polymer EOR, 2010)


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Figure 3: Polymer flooding process (Lindley, 2001)


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VISCOELASTICITY

Intrinsic property of polymerexhibiting both viscous andelastic characteristics when

undergoing deformation(Ferry, 1980).

Polymers are not ideal elasticbodies.

Elasticity deals withmechanical properties of

elastic solids (Hookes Law).

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LITERATURE REVIEW


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When oscillatory shear measurements areperformed in the linear viscoelastic regime,

storage modulus G' (elastic response ofHPAM)

loss modulus G'' (viscous behavior of HPAM)are independent of the strain amplitude(University of Oslo, 1998)

Shear modulus orModulus of Rigidity :

Units: Nm-2 and Pa.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

rainShearingSt

ressShearingStG Modulus,Shear

h l b l


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No Author Title Objective Result

1Santhosh KumarVeerabhadrappa, 2012

Study of Effects of PolymerElasticity on Enhanced OilRecovery by Core Floodingand VisualizationExperiments

To delineate and investigatethe individual effects ofelasticity of seven samples ofHPAM with different AMWtowards improved oil recovery

Polymer with higherelasticity gives higherrecovery. HPAM sampleswith higher AMW will

have higher shearviscosity and elasticity.

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Marcus V. D. Ferreira,Andr L. Martins,Francileide G. da Costa,

Lea Lopes, Marcos S.Figueiredo, BrunoR.F.C. Paula, Mnica F.Naccache

Evaluation of Polymers with

Drag Reduction Potential

To evaluate the rheologicalbehavior of partiallyhydrolyzed polyacrylamide

(PHPA), Xanthan and Diutangums solutions that have dragreduction characteristics

With the increase of theshear rate,PHPA presents

higher viscosifyingcapacity.

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Zhao Feng, Du Yukou,TANG Jian,Li Xingchang & YangPing, 2004

Characterization ofviscoelastic properties ofhydrolyzed polyacrylamideusing the stress recoveryexperiment

To study the effect of HPAMconcentration on theviscoelastic properties ofHPAM solution by tworecovery time using the stressrecovery experiment.

The viscoelasticproperties of HPAMincrease and it becomesstronger with the increaseof HPAM concentration.


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PREVIOUS RESEARCH #1

Table 2: (Veerabhadrappa,2012)


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Viscous Modulus vs. AngularFrequency for HPAM-1 to

HPAM-7

Elastic Modulus vs. AngularFrequency for HPAM-1 to

HPAM-7(Veerabhadrappa,2012)



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Viscous Modulus vs.Angular Frequency

HPAM-5 to 7 with higheraverage molecular

weight are greater thanHPAM-1 to 4 with lowaverage molecularweight.

HPAM with higher

average molecularweight will have highershear viscosity orviscous modulus .

Elastic Modulus vs.Angular Frequency

HPAM-4 has the highest

elasticity followed by

HPAM-3, HPAM-2 andHPAM-1.

Even same averagemolecular weight,HPAM-7 has the highest

elasticity followed byHPAM-6 and 5(Veerabhadrappa,2012).

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Figure 3 : Viscosity curves for all polymers available (Marcus V. D.Ferreira et. al, n.d.)

More shear thinning will present a good drag reduction potential. Xanthan gum is more shear thinning than others .

With the increase of the shear rate at 10s-1, HPAM (PHPA)presents higher viscosifying capacity (Marcus V. D. Ferreira et. al,

n.d.). 16

#2


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Graph of Shear Stress

(Pa) vs Time (s)

Slow recoveryprocess - thereorientation andrecovery movementof HPAM chain coils

Fast recoveryprocess (above) -local recoverymovement of HPAMchain segments.

Results shown

viscoelastic behaviorof HPAM solutionbecomes strongerwith the increase ofthe concentration(Zhao et. al, 2004)

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#3


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Research onrheology of

HPAM

Preparation ofmaster solution

Prepare dilutedsolution from

master solution

Settingtemperatures

Gathering theData

Analyzing Data

Conclusion

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METHODOLOGY


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KEY MILESTONE & GANTT CHART


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Investigating the rheology behavior of HPAM isimportant to investigate the effect of shear andelastic moduli subjected to :

Various master solution concentrations

Diluted solution from master solution

Temperature difference.

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CONCLUSION


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