PROPOSAL FOR RESUSCITATING PREHISTORIC LIVES

BY MARGUERITE HUMEAU

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CREDIT 3D: CLIFFORD SAGE

CREDIT 3D: CLIFFORD SAGE

CREDIT: ORIGINAL CT SCANS PROVIDED BY THE IZW, BERLIN

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DOC R. 036

AO.UNIV.PROF.DR. GERALD E. WEISSENGRUBERARCHAEOZOOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE VIENNA AUSTRIA

Dear Marguerite,

Are you talking about CT-scans?

Cheers

Gerald

Ao.Univ.Prof. Dr. Gerald E. WeissengruberArchaeozoology and Comparative MorphologyAnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna)Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Wien, Austria

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IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE COURTESY BERNARD BUIGUES

IMAGE CREDIT: STUART BAILES

DOC M. 098

DON ESKERMAMMOTH SITEMammoth Site Stylohyoid 98HS038

Ms. Humeau;

I’m very sorry that this letter has been so long in coming. I assure you that I didn’t forget about our conversation—lamentably, however, a few other projects have interfered. I just f inished scanning an [M. columbi] stylohyoid for you. I’m including it as an attachment to this document in STL (stereolithography) format. Given a couple of days I should be able to send you a basihyoid and thyrohyoids scan as well.

Please note that these scans are of disarticulated remains, so there is no guarantee that they all come from the same animal. This shouldn’t introduce too many complications as all of our mammoths are of roughly the same size class.

Again, I apologize for the delay, and I hope that you f ind this data useful.

Regards,

Don Esker

P.S. The scale is in mm.P.P.S. If you need a different f ile format, please let me know.

DOC V. 099

21/03/2011

PROFESSOR MARTIN BIRCHALL, PROFESSOR OF LARYNGOLOGY AND CONSULTANT LARYNGOLOGIST AT THE RNTNE HOSPITAL* FIRST LARYNX TRANSPLANT IN CALIFORNIA, 2010 *

Meeting with Martin Birchall

[ … ]

MARTIN BIRCHALLAbsolutely! so f inish this, and then think about dinosaurs!

I absolutely love this idea! Have you already spo-ken to the speech service at all, or..?

M. HUMEAUNo, not yet.

MBOk because, when you are generating speech or…“A” sound called communication in some sense, there are lots of inputs to the system.

So let’s start with the ears, so the sound that’s com-ing in will alter your learning of speech but also, feedback from the sound you are mak-ing, so it is very important, and it is also important be-cause with the sound that you are making you want to be heard by the members of your species so we know for example that dinosaurs for example they have the co-chlea in the ear shaped like a snail , and humans have a very long one but in di-nosaurs they only have one curve, a very small curve, like a microphone, it is like

a microphone, so they have a much smaller microphone, very limited, so by looking at this you can extrapolate, you can know, by looking at that, compared to other animals, they can probably hear very low frequencies so they would not be hearing the tweeting of bird, probably. So that’s very unlikely that dinosaurs would hear the tweeting of a bird.

That’s one way around. It’s looking at it from a dif-ferent angle, so, then, the brain is important, the way we process the sound infor-mation coming in and going out, and then all the nerves need to be working ok.

The next main thing you need is a driver, some-thing to pump, so you need your lungs, to be in good shape. The amount of force generated by the lungs will determine the volume and to a lesser extent the range of the sounds that you are able to produce, so old people with lung disease have quieter voices but they also have a slightly deeper voice too but that’s something you are not going to have a lot of control of, I appreciate.

The larynx comes next, and as you may know, larynx-es have all different kinds of funny shapes. My predecessor here, Professor Harrison who died in the mid-nineties, he built up a huge collection of animal larynxes, they are all preserved, so… I don’t know whether they would be useful for your purposes or not but he had a larynx of every spe-cies on the planet.

MHOh wahoo… and are they kept somewhere or..?

MBEuh… they are going to come back, here because, they are in Charing Cross at the mo-ment because somebody is cataloguing them. Actually Harrison, overtime he went abroad he used to come back with animal larynxes

MHIt would be great to have a look at them…

MB Absolutely! so specif ically I need to have a look at what he’s got for primates, and el-ephants.. so we need to f ind out what he’s got there, be-cause, we could scan them very easily.

MHThis would be great.

MB They are in boxes but you could scan them. That might be useful to you. Because, larynx have complex shapes.This is a human larynx ( he shows a real larynx, in a bo-cal) actually from Harrison’s collection and so…here this is the windpipe here, air is com-ing up, true vocal cords at the bottom here, and then there is a space there, you see a slit, do you see the slit there?

MHYes.

MBAnd that’s the laryngeal ven-tricle, it is quite small in hu-mans but some animals have it huge, pigs have an enor-mous one…euh…and that also will alter the type of sound that you will get, whether they have on this ventricles or not and the vocal cords can lengthen then or shorten them to produce different fre-

VOCAL FOLDS 21/03/11 137 MEETING WITH MARTIN BIRCHALL

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IMAGE CREDIT: STUART BAILES

CREDIT 3D: CLIFFORD SAGE

IMAGE CREDIT: STUART BAILES

DOC H. 069

VRT PALEO LIST: JERROLD ALPERN

Some possibilities:—The Origin & Evolution of Mammals by T.S. Kemp (Oxford Univ. Press, 2005),—The Beginning of the Age of Mammals by Kenneth D. Rose (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2006),—The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins & Relationships of the Major Extant Clades ed. by Kenneth D. Rose & J. David Archibald (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2005),—Beasts of Eden: Walking Whales, Dawn Horses and Other Engimas of Mammal Evolution by David Rains Wallace (Univ. Cal. Press, 2005),—Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution and Diversity by Peter S. Ungar (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2010),—Extinction and Radiation: How the Fall of the Dinosaurs Led to the Rise of Mammals by J. David Archibald (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2011)

Jerry Alpern

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(1) 360 degrees view of a modern wild pig skull

(2) Skull of a modern Wild Pig, one living descendent of the Terminator Pig

(3) Cut/ view of the airways shape

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CREDIT: DIGIMORPH

CREDIT: ORIGINAL CT SCANS PROVIDED BY THE IZW, BERLIN

CREDIT: ORIGINAL CT SCANS PROVIDED BY THE IZW, BERLIN

POLITIQUE-FICTIONMAY 10TH 2012- JAN 10TH 2013SAINT-ETIENNE, CITE DU DESIGN

Credits3D images (simulations): Clifford SagePhotographs: Stuart BailesIn Siberia: Bernard BuiguesBook/Graphic Design: Ghazaal VojdaniCT Scans: Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin