Proposed Joint Research Activity:

Technologies for Advanced Instrumentation

Colin Cunningham

Need for R&D aimed at Instruments for VLT and the

European ELT• As we move into the ELT era, there are

significant challenges for ELT instruments and the next generation of instruments which will use the 8-10m telescopes to support the E-ELT

• Instruments defined by the European and North American ELT studies tend to be large and ambitious

• We must ensure that technologies are proven before they are adopted for these high-cost instruments

AO & Instrument R&D Flow

ELT First GenAdaptive Optics

ELT First GenInstruments

ELT Second GenAdaptive Optics

ELT Second GenInstruments

Adaptive OpticsTest Beds

InstrumentTest Beds

Adaptive OpticsConcept

Developent

InstrumentConcept

Developent

Adaptive OpticsEnabling

Technology

Adaptive OpticsEnabling

Technology

On skydemonstratorsVLT, WHT etc

Basis

• We propose to base the R&D and Networking activity on the successful FP6 JRAs:– JRA3 Fast Detectors– JRA5 Smart Focal Planes– JRA6 VPH Gratings– And add technologies identified and prioritised by Opticon

KTN• Aim:

– Develop and prove technologies required by next generation 8-10m telescope instruments and the European ELT

• We suggest that this programme is set up in an inclusive manner, and includes those proposals directly relevant to instrumentation

Structure

• Network– Including Industry

• Joint Development programme– With overall budget and capability to move money

between activities depending on progress and influences from telescope and instrument programmes and technology roadmap

• Instrument test beds and facilities– Labs– WHT– AAO– GTC– VLT

Instrument Technologies Network

• Subset of Key Technologies Network

• Develop Roadmap

• Generate project teams

• Make proposals for joint developments

• Publicise and work with other partners– Industry– Other research sectors

Instrument test beds and facilities

• Develop common access to facilities for– Laboratory: optical, detector performance,

materials at cryogenic temperatures, mechanical testing

– On sky testing: Adaptive Optics, ADC, telescope interaction

• Using facilities at William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, Anglo Australian Telescope, VLT and GTC

Technology Development and Instrument Design Studies

• We propose to learn from the Smart Focal Plane JRA and the ELT Instrument Design Studies

• Must ensure technology requirements and developments are specifically linked to the ELT instrument design studies and Science requirements

• Structure with common PI and overlapping management teams would facilitate this

• Systems engineering key component to ensure solid link of technology to requirements and clear goals for Technology Readiness Levels

Technology Themes

• Smart Focal Planes• Adaptive Optics as part of the instrument (icw AO WPs)

– MOAO– Cryogenic AO– Extreme Adaptive Optics for Exo Planets

This topic is part of the AO proposal – we must ensure that a sensible joint approach is taken to ensure that the relevant AO and instrument expertise is engaged

• Photonics • Detectors• Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules• Instrument Structures

Work Breakdown

InstrumentTechnologies

Smart FocalPlanes

Photonics Detectors

OpticalComponents

andSpectrometers

InstrumentStructures

Starbugs

Image Slicers

Slit Mechanisms

OH SuppressionFibres & Filters

PhotonicInstruments

IR optimised Fibres

IR Arrays

Fast Detectors

SuperconductingArrays

VPH Gratings

CGH gratings

Large format filters

Cryo materials

Active Structures

Instrument AO

MOAO

Micro/Cryo DMs

InstrumentStudies

SystemsEngineering

ProgrammeManagement

CommonFacilities

Networking

Status of proposal

• Objectives being developed through KTN technology roadmapping consultation process and ELT Design Studies

• Large range of requirements and objectives proposed

• Now need to cost and prioritise based on scientific priorities for future 8-10m instruments and the E-ELT instrument suite

• Presentation here is outline of programme – detail will be developed over the summer as the E-ELT instrument programme is defined by the ESO project office, the Design Study teams and the community working groups

Theme1: Smart Focal Planes

• Scope – take successful development work and prototypes from FP6 programme and build integrated demonstrator instrument

• Objectives– Based on Instrument concept studies for E-ELT

or VLT etc – as successfully done in FP6 Smart Focal Planes

• Partners from UK ATC, LAM, Durham, CSEM, ASTRON, AAO, IAC, ESO etc

• Contractors: Reflex, • Cost ~ €3M, similar to FP6

AAO 13

Current Status: Smart Focal Planes

• Make best use of available wide FoV by multiobject and integral field spectroscopy

• Provide alternative to fibre systems for cryogenic instruments

Multi-object Spectroscopy

MOMFIS - LAM 15

Multi-object Spectroscopy

• Options:– Pickoffs feeding Integral Field Units and spectrometers– Slit exchangers or reconfigurable slits– Fibre positioners

UK ATC 16

KMOS for VLT

UK ATC, CSEM, Astron AAO

17

Starbugs & Starpicker

Stop

Bug

Deformable, tip-tilt, and focusToroid Mirror

Imageof

Stop

Deformable, Tip-Tilt flatmirror

Image Slicer

Spectrometer

Cryogenic Active Mirror

Smart Instrument Suite

High SpatialResolution IRSpectrometer

Submm Camera

Medium SpatialRes Spectrometer

IFU

Medium SpatialRes Spectrometer

Medium SpatialRes Spectrometer

(MOAO)

Low Spatial ResSpectrometerMOS Slit array

Low Spatial ResMOS/IFU

Spectrometer

WFSWFS

NASA Goddard - JWST NIRSPEC

20

Programmable Slit Spectrometers: Shutter arrays

Programmable slits in Europe

Principle of the micro-mirror arraybbb osition b) 1st tilting c) Stopper & 2nd tilting d) Electrostatic latching

mirror

electrode fix-points

See Zamkotsian et al., 6273-63

Long slit mode

Tilt accuracy: < 1 arcmin

Surface quality

< 15nm PtV

100 x 200µm

JWST MIRI Image slicer

Replication of Slicers

• Replication opens up the possibility of slicers that are low cost, consistent quality, reliably and quickly produced, with rms error down to 10nm

• A programme of work is currently underway within the Smart Focal Planes programme to achieve this

Smart Focal Planes – next steps

• Pick-off systems and beam manipulation– System integration – Verification of performance– Reliability engineering– Concept development– Technology Trade-off: Starbugs / Starpicker– Wireless starbugs– Integrated photonic modules

• Integral Field Units – image slicers– Monolithic structures

• Improved surface finish• Alternative materials• Replication- improved shape fidelity and finish

Smart Focal Planes – next steps

• Slit Mechanisms– Develop 5x5 mirror prototype with drive

electronics– Build simple demonstrator instrument– Develop and evaluate science case for

slit-based IR spectrometer for ELT• Interest from chair of ELT Science working

group

Smart Focal Plane & MOAO Demonstrator

• We should develop a joint proposal with the AO team for an instrument based on Smart Focal Planes and Multi-Object Adaptive Optics

• So far none of these technologies are proven by on-sky demonstrators

Theme2: Photonics

• Scope:– Fibres

• Photonics Fibres for thermal IR• Fibre Bragg Gratings for OH Suppression

– Filters for OH Suppression– Photonic Instrument module concepts and tests– Laser combs for calibration of high stability, high

spectral resolution spectrometers

• Partners: AAO, LAM, UK ATC, Durham, ESO

• Cost ~ €2M

Bland-Hawthorn, AAO 28

Photonic OH Suppression

Aims:

• To suppress the OH/O2 night sky emission at 98% or better over z, J, H bands

• To achieve this at high throughput (fibre insertion losses less than 10%)

Bland-Hawthorn (AAO)

Needs conversion from

MM to SM

with taper transition

Bland-Hawthorn (2005)

FBG takes out 96% of OH background

J H

Bland-Hawthorn et al (2004)

Theme 3: Detectors

• Scope:– Low cost HgCdTe on silicon– Fast APDs and CCDs

• Partners: RAL/Oxford, QinetiQ, E2V, UK ATC, ESO, LOAG, MPE

• Costs: need detailed evaluation on what could be done at reasonable cost

Theme 4: Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules

• Scope: VPH gratings, immersion gratings, CGH devices, Large filter mosaics, ADCs , modular spectrometer designs

• Partners: INAF, Industry, UK ATC, CRAL, Oxford etc

• Cost ?

• See presentation by Filippo Zerbi

Theme 5: Instrument Structures

• Scope: Novel structural and optical materials, Active structures, internal metrology

• Partners: IAC, LAM, UK ATC, industry

• Cost; TBD

Stage-gate process

BC

D

A

Proposals

Feasibility

B D

Practicality Application Ready

C

ELT R&D Portfolio Management Process

A Technology Stage Gates phased with TelescopeDevelopment

Technology Readyfor construction

phase

Opticon FP6&7

FP6 design Study

Phase AConceptual Design

Phase BDetailed Design

Phase CConstruction

Telescope Development

Access: Instrument test beds and facilities

• Labs– Material properties at Cryogenic temperatures

• Mechanical, thermal, optical• Some funding in place in Scottish Universities Physics Alliance

– Detectors– Mechanism cryogenic test

• WHT– AO and Instrument test bed

• AAO– Instrument test bed – via Director’s discretionary time

• GTC?, VLT?• Partners: UK ATC, Glasgow, ASTRON, IAC, Amsterdam• Cost: TBD

Management Structure

• PI – Colin Cunningham (also WPM for ELT DS Instrument studies and chair of ESO Instrumentation Working Group)

• Deputy – Sandro D’Odorico ?

• Project Manager - TBD

• Systems Engineer - TBD

Instrument Technologies: ROM Summary

Tools Activities Eligible cost

Cost funded by EC

Conceptual Design & Demonstrators

ELT Smart Multiobject MOA Instrument, Smart MOS instrument

€9m

€4m

Enabling Technologies Starbugs, Sit mechanisms, Image Slicers, detectors, VPH , Photonics

€16m

€10m

Networking Workshops €0.5m

€0.5m

Access Cryogenic Test Facility €3m

€2m

Totals €28.5m

€16.5