pros, cons and practice of devolutionhummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/cresc/events... · pros,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Pros, cons and practice of devolution
John Tomaney
Bartlett School of Planning
Presentation to seminar “Making Devolution Work”, Manchester Business School, 7th July
2015
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Pros, cons and practice of devolution
• Key questions
– Does devolution matter?
– What are the (counter)claims made about devolution?
– How are administrative, political and economic changes
connected?
– The (ir)relevance of the US model?
– Pros/cons; costs/benefits
– How does Devo Manc measure up?
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Pros and cons of devolution
Opportunity Threat
Joined-up, “co-ordinated”,
targeted public policy
Technocratic solutions
Economic growth dividend Socio-economic inequality
Increased democratic
accountability
Creation of new
unaccountable elites
(Identity politics) (Identity politics)
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Pros and cons of devolution
Strengths Weaknesses
Improved accountability and
transparency
Institutional capture
Context sensitivity Geographically uneven
provision of basic services
Incentive for innovation Duplication and wasteful
competition
Better co-ordination of
regional/local actors
Lack of resources, capacity
and knowledge
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Practice of devolution: the US story
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Source: World Bank (2009) Reshaping Economic Geography. Washington, DC: World Bank
USA - economic production per square km, 2005
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Can Buffalo Ever Come
Back? Probably not –
and government should
stop bribing people to
stay there
See: Ed Glaeser, City Journal, Autumn 2007 (http://www.city-journal.org/html/17_4_buffalo_ny.html
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Practice of devolution: the Bloomberg story
Image above: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/
mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/11074174/
Michael-Bloomberg-in-surprise-return-to-head-of-business.html
Image right: Wikipedia Creative Commons (https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City#/media/File:NASDAQ.JPG)
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Practice of devolution: Mayoral election turnouts
in selected US cities
Source: “Voter Turnout Plummeting in Local Elections”, Governing, October 2014
(http://www.governing.com/topics/politics/gov-voter-turnout-municipal-elections.html)
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Practice of devolution: the Detroit story
Image: http://flickr.com/photos/davehogg/241988204 Image: http://www.marchandmeffre.com/detroit
Kwame Kilpatrick, 68th Mayor of Detroit: currently serving 28 years for corruption
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Source: Cheetham’s LibraryImage: D.L. Kelleher, The Glamour of Manchester. London: National Labour Press, 1920
Devo Manc
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Devo Manc
• Northern powerhouse –winners, losers and also
rans
• GM Mayor – “myth of the strong leader” – versus
deliberation, accountability, scrutiny (Colin Talbot)
• Referendums and mandates
• Devolution and “secret deals”
• Fiscal devolution or multi-level governance and
fiscal solidarity
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Conclusion
• Does devolution matter?
• Yes, but
– Impacts are contingent upon design
– Devolution can have a progressive or regressive
character or a democratic or undemocratic character
– Many factors affect urban and regional development of
which “good governance” is only one
– Need to set Northern Powerhouse in context of wider
debate abut what kind of regional development and for
whom?
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References
Charbit, C. (2011), “Governance of Public Policies in Decentralised Contexts: The
Multi-level Approach”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2011/04,
OECD Publishing. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg883pkxkhc-en)
Institute for Government (2014) Achieving Political Decentralisation Lessons from 30
years of attempting to devolve political power in the UK.
(http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Decentralisa
tionPaper%20-%20FINAL_0.pdf)
OECD (2009) Regions Matter. Economic Recovery, Innovation And Sustainable
Growth. Paris: OECD
Prud'homme, R (1995) “The Dangers Of Decentralization”, World Bank Research
Observer, 10 (2): 201-220.
Tomaney, J and McCarthy, A (2015) “The Manchester Model”, Town and Country
Planning, May, 84 (5): 233-236
Triesman, D (2007) The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political
Decentralization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press