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PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM
MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA TERHADAP
KONFLIK BAHRAIN (2011-2016)
SKRIPSI
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Starata- 1
DEWI KUSUMA ASTUTI
201210360311165
JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Nama : Dewi Kusuma Astuti
NIM : 201210360311165
Jurusan : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik/FISIP
Judul Skripsi : PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
DALAM MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-
KHALIFA TERHADAP KONFLIK BAHRAIN (2011-2016)
Telah dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji Ujian Skripsi
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Dan dinyatakan LULUS
Pada hari: Kamis, 22 Maret 2018
Tempat: Kantor Jurusan FISIP/HI UMM
Mengesahkan,
Dekan FISIP – UMM
Dr. Rinekso Kartono, M.Si
Dewan Penguji:
1. Gonda Yumitro, MA ( )
2. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA ( )
3. Tonny Dian Effendy, M.Soc. Sc ( )
4. Havidz Ageng Prakoso, MA ( )
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Alhamdulillah segala puji syukur kepada Allah SWT Tuhan semesta alam,
yang telah melimpahkan kekuatan dan pertolongan, sehingga penulis bisa
menuntaskan tanggungjawab skripsi ini dengan penuh suka cita. Sholawat serta
salam dihaturkan kepada suri tauladan kita Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, yang
telah menunjukkan cahaya kebenaran Islam sebagai Rahmatan Lil „alamin.
Skripsi dengan judul “Proses Pengambilan Kebijakan Amerika Serikat
Dalam Mendukung Rezim Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Terhadap Konflik
Bahrain (2011-2016)” disusun sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional yang terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Penuntasan karya ilmiah ini
pun merupakan tiket masuk untuk meraih gelar sarjana strata 1 (S1), jurusan Ilmu
Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulisan ini diharapkan bisa membawa manfaat bagi para pembaca
maupun penulis, terkhusus bagi para pejuang ilmu pengetahuan yang memiliki
minat dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional di FISIP UMM. Semoga kekurangan
yang terdapat dalam skripsi ini bisa diperbaiki dalam penelitian selanjutnya.
Malang, 21 Februari 2018
Penulis,
Dewi Kusuma Astuti
DAFTAR ISI
Lembar Cover/Sampul ........................................................................................ i
Lembar Persetujuan Skripsi ................................................................................ ii
Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................ iii
Lembar Pernyataan Orisinalitas .......................................................................... iv
Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi .......................................................................... v
Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................... vi
Lembar Persembahan .......................................................................................... vii
Abstract ............................................................................................................... x
Abstrak ................................................................................................................ xi
Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 6
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................ 6
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................... 6
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 6
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................... ....... 7
1.5 Kerangka Teori : Model Birokratik ..................................................... 13
1.6 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................ 15
1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................... 15
1.6.2 Metode Analisis ........................................................................ 15
1.6.3 Tingkat Analisa .......................................................................... 16
1.6.4 Variabel Penenlitian .................................................................. 16
1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ......................................................... 16
1.6.5.1 Batasan Materi ...................................................... ....... 16
1.6.5.2 Batasan Waktu .............................................................. 17
1.6.6 Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data .......................................... 17
1.7 Hipotesa ............................................................................................... 17
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 19
BAB II BENTUK DUKUNGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP
REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA DALAM KONFLIK
BAHRAIN
2.1 Bahrain dibawah Kekuasaan Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa ..................... 22
2.1.1 Kondisi Politik Bahrain ............................................................. 22
2.1.2 Kondisi Ekonomi Bahrain ......................................................... 24
2.1.3 Tantangan Sosial-Ekonomi dalam Proses Politik ..................... 26
2.2 Konflik Bahrain ................................................................................... 28
2.3 Hubungan Amerika Serikat dan Bahrain ............................................. 33
2.4 Bentuk Dukungan Amerika Serikat terhadap Rezim Hamad bin
Isa Al-Khalifa dalam Konflik Bahrain ............................................... 35
2.4.1 Bantuan Militer .......................................................................... 35
2.4.1.1 Bantuan Finansial .......................................................... 35
2.4.1.2 Bantuan Persenjataan .................................................... 38
BAB III KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT MENDUKUNG REZIM
HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA DALAM KONFLIK BAHRAIN
3.1 Struktur Pengambilan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ........ 42
3.2 Struktur Pemerintahan Amerika Serikat ............................................ 46
3.3 Aktor-aktor dalam Proses Pengambilan Kebijakan ............................. 50
3.3.1 Menteri Luar Negeri, Wakil Presiden, Menteri Pertahanan, Juru
Bicara Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ....................... 50
3.3.2 Sekretaris Pertahanan, Sekretaris Pers Pentagon, Laksamana
Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat ................................................... 53
3.3.3 Kelompok Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional, Kelompok Kontrol
Senjata (Arms Control Groups), Senator Amerika Serikat, Human
Right First (HRF), Human Right Watch (HRW), Pusat Kebijakan
Masyarakat Terbuka, Anggota Fraksi Demokrat ....................... 58
BAB IV PROSES SOSIAL DAN INTERAKSI DALAM PENGAMBILAN
KEBIJAKAN AS DALAM MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN
ISA AL-KHALIFA
4.1 Rundingan-rundingan (Bergaining) ................................................... . 63
4.2 Kompromi (Compromise) ................................................................... 65
4.3 Penyesuaian-penyesuaian (Adjustment) .............................................. 67
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 74
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 76
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Tabel 1.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 11
Tabel 2.1 Bantuan Amerika Serikat ke Bahrain ................................................. 36
Tabel 3.1 Pembagian Wewenang Dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri AS ................ 43
Tabel 3.2 Kerangka Pengambilan Kebijakan Luar Negeri AS ........................... 44
Tabel 3.3 Letak Armada Militer Kelima Angkatan Laut AS .............................. 56
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