prospects for green jobs in forestry sector indonesia · 2014-06-10 · 3 1. industries and green...
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Prospects for Green Jobs (GJ) in Indonesian Forestry Sector
Khoirul Anam - FSP KAHUTINDO
( Trade Union Perspective )
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• Founded 14 Juli 1973 as Serikat Buruh Perkayuan (Wood Labour Union)• Coverage: Forestry (HPH-HTI-HTR), Wood Processing Industries, Plantation &
allied sectors• Membership (June 2010): 96.456 workers; 178 Unit; 25 Districts; 12 Provinces• Main-campaign: “Sustainable Forest for Sustainable Jobs”• National Affiliation: Confederation of Indonesian Trade Unions (KSPI-CITU): 1,3M
International Affiliation: Building and Wood Workers International (BWI): 11M• National Representations:
– National Tripartite Board - LEI - DKN– National OHS Council - FLEGT-EU
• Global Representations:– UNFCCC - FSC - AFP– The Forest Dialogues - PEFC - ASETUC
• Joint Campaigns:– BWI, USW, IUF, CFMEU, ForestWorks
About KAHUTINDO(Indonesian Forestry and Allied Workers’ Union)
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1. Industries and Green House Gases (GHGs) Emission in Indonesia
2. Potential of Green Jobs (GJ) in Forestry Sector
3. Real Issues: Problems and Challenges4. Trade Union Recommendations
Presentation Structure
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1. Industriesand GHGs Emission
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RI: 80% GHG Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Source: PEACE-World Bank-DFID. 2007. Indonesia and Climate Change: Current Status and Policies.
GHG Emission Composition Comparison in 6 Countries
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Profile of RI GHG Emission in 2020(BAU Scenario)
BAU: Business as Usual
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
2000 2005 2020
Forest & Peat Land
Waste
Agriculture
Industry
Energy &Transportation
Source: Bappenas, 2010
Emis
i (G
ton
CO
2 e)
1,72
2,12
2,95
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80% GHGs Emission from Deforestation?
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Potential Activities in Forestry SectorIn RI Climate Change Mitigation
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Indonesia Forests
Production
Forest 82,84 M
ha62,57%
Others19,70 M
ha 14,88%
Conservation
Forest 29,85M
ha 22,55%
100187,7762955,38871132,398Total
4687,0472546,9762140,071Not Forested
54100,72948,4125092,327Forested
%Area (M ha)%Area (M ha)%Area (M ha)
TOTALOTHER LAND-USE (APL)FOREST AREASLAND COVER
FOREST COVER
Indonesian Forest Coverage = 132.397.729 ha
or 71% of Indonesian Land Coverage (187.787.000 Ha)
Source: MoF-Dirjen BPK
60% of RI GHG Emission Sourced from Forest and Peat Land (in and outside the forest areas);
17-20% of Global GHG Emission Sourced from Deforestation and Degradation of Forest;
75% Deforestation and Degradation of World’s Forest happen in Tropical zones, incl. RI.
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Pace of Deforestation & Degradation of Forest
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
1990-1996 1997-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006
Whole Indonesia Inside Forests Outside Forests
-0,410,300,680,50Outside the Forests (APL)-0,760,782,831,37In the Forest Areas
0,51,171,083,511,87Whole Indonesia
2005-2007FAO
2004-2006(M ha)
2001-2003(M ha)
1997-2000(M ha)
1990-1996(M ha)
DEFORESTATION PACE
Source: MoF-Dirjen BPK
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13,09 14,04
3,24 3,510
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1990-1996 1997-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006
MIO
ha
13,09 14,04
3,24 3,51
Pace of Deforestation (Accummulated)from Deforestation Pace Data
Source: MoF-Dirjen BPK
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Potential of Emission ReductionsAFOLU in Indonesia
123Emission 2020 BAU
Post-reduction emission
Land-Use Allocation
Fire Prevention
SFM
Peat Land Rehabilitation
Afforestation Others
1 2 3 4 5
Potential
Reduction
Emission 2020
17.1 8.2 4.7 3.3 2.9 13.0
433207 118
8373
328
2.950
1.287
Source: DNPI
Million Ton CO2 e By performing 5 major activities in emission reduction, Indonesia has the potential to reduce its emissions up to
36%
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2. Potential of Green Jobs (GJ) In Forestry Industries
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Green Jobs Progress To-dateand Future Potential (1)
LimitedLimitedLimitedAviation
ExcellentNegativeExcellentRailwaysExcellentLimitedExcellentMass Transit
GoodLimitedFair to GoodFuel-Efficient CarsTRANSPORTATION
ExcellentGoodExcellentRecyclingGoodFairGoodPulp and Paper
FairFairFairCement
FairFairGoodAluminiumFairFairGoodSteelBASIC
INDUSTRY
UnknownNoneFairCarbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)
ExcellentGoodExcellentRenewablesENERGI
LONG-TERM GREEN JOB POTENTIAL
GREEN JOB PROGRESS
TO-DATE
GREENING POTENSIAL
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Green Jobs Progress To-dateand Future Potential (2)
ExcellentGoodExcellentSustainable Forestry Management (SFM)
Good to Excellent
LimitedGood to Excellent
Agroforestry
GoodLimitedGoodReforestation/AfforestationFORESTRYUnknownLimitedGoodEnvironmental Services
Good to Excellent
LimitedExcellentOrganic Farming
ExcellentNegativeExcellentSmall Scale Sustainable Farming
AGRICULTURE
ExcellentFairExcellentEfficient Equipment and Appliances
ExcellentGoodExcellentLighting
ExcellentLimitedExcellentRetrofitting
ExcellentLimitedExcellentGreen BuildingsBUILDINGS
LONG-TERM GREEN JOB POTENSIAL
GREEN JOB PROGRESS
TO-DATE
GREENING POTENTIAL
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Opportunities
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Projection of Forest Restoration RI
21.150.000550.0005.750.0005.800.0003.550.0005.500.000Total (Ha)
2.149.20050.000750.000499.200350.000500.0002020
2.199.60050.000750.000549.600350.000500.0002019
2.119.60050.000650.000569.600350.000500.0002018
1.799.60050.000450.000499.600300.000500.0002017
1.749.60050.000350.000549.600300.000500.0002016
1.599.60050.000300.000449.600300.000500.0002015
2.249.60050.000750.000599.600350.000500.0002014
2.106.80050.000650.000556.800350.000500.0002013
1.849.60050.000450.000549.600300.000500.0002012
1.703.20050.000350.000503.200300.000500.0002011
1.623.60050.000300.000473.600300.000500.0002010
Total(Ha)
Partnership Comm. Forest
(Ha)
Natural Conserv.
Forest(Ha)
Planted Forest
HTI + HTR(Ha)
Riverbank Protected
Forest(Ha)
Community Forest
(Ha)Year
Source: MoF-Dirjen BPK
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A. Natural Forests
• Total commercial/processable timber = 3,285 B m3.• Commercial timber diameter 50cm up (eligible for logging and
processing) = 2,036 B m3.• Sustainably harvested potential (35 years rotation) 2.036
M/35yrs = 58,2 M m3/yr• From real harvesting potential outputs 56% = 32,3 M m3/yr
B. Industrial Plantation Forest• Potential 20- 60 M m3 per annum.
Source: Masyarakat Perhutanan Indonesia
Potential of Raw Materials
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• Wood is a building materials that is the most environment-friendly, compare Wood is a building materials that is the most environment-friendly, compare to other materials, ie. Steel, aluminium and concrete, with following to other materials, ie. Steel, aluminium and concrete, with following explanation :explanation :
No. Material
Energi yang terpakai (Fossil
Fuel energy used) Mj/m3
Pelepasan Carbon (Carbon Released) kg/m3
Penyimpanan Carbon (Carbon Stored) kg/m3
1 Wood 750 15 2502 Baja (steel) 266.000 5.320 03 Beton (Concrete) 4.800 120 04 Aluminium 1.100.000 22.000 0
• Wood extraction is also a renewable natural source product compared to other sectors Wood extraction is also a renewable natural source product compared to other sectors
Forestry Sector: the “Greenest” Industry
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Work Force and Sectors
21.836.768
5.947.673
1.484.59813.611.841
1.139.49512.615.4404.610.695
209.441
43.029.493
Agriculture, Forestry, Plantation, Hunting,Fisheries
Mining and Excavating
Processing Industries
Electricity, Gas, Water
Building
Trade, Restaurant, Hotel
Transportation, Warehouse,Communication
Finance, Insurance, Building and LandRental, Company Services
Community, Social and IndividualServices Source: BPS (2009)
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Green Jobs Good Jobs?
Environment - YESDecent Work - YES
Environment - NODecent Work - YES
Environment - YESDecent Work - NO
Environment - NODecent Work - NO
GREEN JOBSNO GREEN JOBS
NO GREEN JOBS NO GREEN JOBS
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• Conditions of RI Forestry Industries:
3. Real Issues:Problems and Issues (1)
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
Total investment in forestry sector of US$ 27,77 Billions consisting of:
• Pulp & Paper US$ 16 B (58 %),
• Plywood US$ 3,3 B (12 %)
• Logging US$ 3,28 B (12 %),
• Forest Plantation US$ 3,00 B (11 %),
• Wood Processing US$ 1,03 B (4 %),
• Furniture US$ 0,80 B (3%)
• Wood Joint US$ 0,19 B (1 %)
• Handycraft US$ 0,17 B (1 %).
WORKFORCE
Directly employed 2,35 M, indirectly employed 1,5 M workers.
• Plywood 492.500 workers• Furniture 472.000 workers• Woodworking 370.000 workers• Pulp & paper 178.624 • Industrial Plantation Forest 185.000 workers• Logging 576.521 workers• Handycraft 70.000 workers
Source: Masyarakat Perhutanan Indonesia
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Workers Conditions in Forestry and Plantation Sectors(Nursery, planting, maintenance, harvesting, logging) :
– Low Skills– Low Wages and Welfare– High risks on occupational health and safety– Minimum provision of Social Security and Health Insurance– Child labour– Discrimination of women workers wage and welfare– Short employment contract & sub-contract (Labor Supplier)– Temporary/seasonal work– Informalised work
3. Real Issues:Problems and Challenges (2)
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3. Real Issues:Problems & Challenges (3)
• Workers Conditions in Forest and Plantation Products Processing Industries (Sawmills, Wood-working, Plywood, Pulp & paper, PKS/CPO, Rubber, Cacao) :– Generally labour intensive (except for pulp & paper:
capital-intensive)– Low wages and welfare (pulp & paper relatively higher)– High risks on occupational health & safety– Minimum provision of Social Security and Health Insurance– Short employment contract & sub-contracting (Labor
Supplier)
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• Upgrading Forestry & Plantation Sectors– Combat against Illegal Logging– Revitalizing Forestry Industries– Restoration of Indonesian Forests– Investments (State & Private) for HPH-HTI-Biofuels– Law enforcement and Delineation– ‘Large’ Scale vs ‘Small’ Scale; Minimalising
informalisation of industry and work• Political Will Government/Regulator to support
Sustainable Development• Promoting Sustainable Forest Management
(SFM) and Premium Price for Wood & Bio-fuels Certification
4. Trade Union Recommendation (1)
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4. Trade Union Recommendations (2)
• Enforcement of Labour Laws and Workers Rights:– Freedom of Associations– Rights to Collective Bargaining– Anti-discrimination
• Improvement of working conditions– Minimise risks and hazards at work
• Improvement of Welfare & Productivity– Social security, health & pension insurances
• Improvement of workers skills through vocational trainings
• Long-term employment
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