prostate cancer
TRANSCRIPT
Prostate Cancer
Autumn Placek&
Brooke Schmidt
What is Prostate Cancer?• Abnormal or malignant cells in the
prostate gland• It is the most common cancer in
males• The Second leading cause of cancer
death in men• Only 3% of men who have prostate cancer die from it
Prevalance
• An estimated 238,590 new cases will be diagnosed this year
• Prostate incidence increases in men up to age 70 then declines
• 1 in 4 newly diagnosed cancers each year are prostate cancer cases
• Approximately 60% of all prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in men ages 65 and older
Incidence
Signs & Symptoms
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XafG8PwRvE
H&P Assessment
• A thorough health history is necessary for screening which should include any family history of prostate or any other cancers
• Ethnicity ( African American ) increases risk
• Most prostate cancers are found on a routine physical prostate exam
• Risk assessment is based on age, ethnicity, family history, and abnormal PSA tests
Diagnostic Tests• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)- Provider inserts a gloved
finger into the rectum to feel for hard, lumpy, or abnormal areas on the prostate.
• Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)- biopsy is recommended if values are between 4.0-10.0. Elevated levels do not always signify cancer. Values may be elevated due to benign prostate hyperplasia and other conditions.
• Early Prostate Cancer Antigen (EPCA-2)- Serum marker that detects specific proteins that are only present in cancer cells.
• Trans rectal Ultrasound (TRUS)- If cancer is suspected then a biopsy is preformed.
• After cancer is diagnosed the patient will undergo lymph node biopsy, CT scan, & MRI to determine the extent of the disease.
Treatment• Specific management if
based on the extent of the disease.
• “Watchful Waiting” Some may choose observation with out immediate treatment since prostate cancer is slow growing with late metastasis. Men are monitored at regular intervals through DRE & PSA
• Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)- done when an obstruction occurs.
• Surgery is the most common intervention for a cure. Most common are:
• Minimally Invasive Surgery• Open surgical technique
for radial prostatectomy (Prostate Removal)
• Laparoscopic Radial Prostatectomy is done with and with out robotic assistance
• Newer procedures include: Transrectal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
• Cryosurgery
Nursing Diagnosis
Impaired Urinary Elimination-
Urinary elimination management: Maintenance of an optimum urinary elimination pattern
Sexual Dysfunction-Sexual counseling- Use of an interactive helping process focusing on the need to make adjustments to sexual
practice or to coping with a sexual event/ disorder
Situational Low Self- Esteem-Coping Enhancement- Assisting a patient to adapt to
perceived stressors, changes, or threats that interfere with meeting life demands and roles.
References
Frazier, M. & Drzmkowski, J. (2013). Essentials of human diseases and conditions. St.
Louis, MO: Elsevier Sanders
Springhart, D. P. (Educator) (2011). Prostate cancer: Signs, symptoms, & screenings [Web]. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XafG8PwRvE
National Cancer Institute. (2012, November). Seer stat fact sheets: Prostate.
Retrieved from http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html
Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing:
Patient-centered collaborative care (7th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier
Saunders.