protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing
TRANSCRIPT
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Health Promotion Symposium
Central Health Education Unit 40th Anniversary
Protecting Children from the
Harmful Impact of Food Marketing
Dr Juliawati Untoro
Technical Lead Nutrition
Hongkong, 4 May 2018
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Presentation Outline
Obesity in the Western Pacific Region.
Food marketing and Childhood obesity.
WHO’s guidance and initiative.
Country’s experience in regulating food marketing to children.
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OBESITY IN WESTERN PACIFIC
REGION
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Australia
China Japan
Viet Nam
Malaysia
Papua New Guinea
New Zealand
CambodiaPhilippines
Lao PDR
FijiNew Caledonia
Vanuatu
Guam
French Polynesia
Palau
KiribatiSingapore
Tonga
Tuvalu
Federated States ofMicronesia
Marshall Islands
Tokelau
Nauru
Wallis & FutunaSamoa
Niue IslandsCook
Mariana IslandsNorthern
SamoaAmerican
Solomon Islands
IslandsPitcairn
Hong Kong(China)Macao(China)
Republic ofKorea
DarussalamBrunei
Mongolia
Western Pacific Region
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Double Burden Malnutrition
19.728.5
6.3
8.1
32.8
6.4
2.5
19.4
30.3
10.817.2
47.6
7.1
7.57.4
40.9
49.5
2
13.821.92.5
54.6
8.34.6
110.5
17.35.16.6
1.56.2
107.37.7
Papua New GuineaLao
CambodiaSolomon Islands
PhilippinesVanuatu
BruneiVietnamMalaysia
MongoliaTonga
FijiChinaJapan
SamoaTuvalu
Republic of KoreaAustralia
%
Source: WHO/UNICEF/WB JME; GHO
% children (<5 yrs) stunted and overweight
Stunted Overweight
28.3
2.9
1.9
6.5
14.2
4.99.6
14.5
10.8
5.68
16.1
2.8
62.42020.6
62.724.7
69.747.2
23.538.3
47.877.5
7433.6
22.878
7632.6
60.9
%
% women (18+) underweight and overweight
Underweight Overweight
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Urban/rural difference in childhood overweight
2.9
8.3
2.2
12.8
5.2
7.5
1.7
5.8
2
8.2
3.52.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Cambodia China Lao PDR Mongolia Philippines Viet Nam
%Urban
Rural
Source: Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, National Statistics Office of Mongolia
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Cost of childhood obesity
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FOOD ENVIRONMENT, MARKETING
AND CHILDHOOD OBESITY
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Food environment and childhood obesity
Globalization, economic growth and urbanization have led to
changing food environment and Nutrition transition.
Increasing consumption of meals out of the home and
processed food has been identified as an important factor
contributing to rising levels of obesity.
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Population-wide policies
Policies influencing food environments
– Marketing of food to children
– Protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding
– School nutrition regulations and policies
– Nutrition labelling
– Food taxes and subsidies
– Fruit and vegetable initiatives
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What is marketing ?
"Marketing” refers to any form of commercial communication or message that is designed to, or has the effect of, increasing the recognition, appeal and/or consumption of particular products and services. It comprises anything that acts to advertise or otherwise promote a product or service.
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How does marketing work ?
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Is Food Marketing Responsible?
The IOM analyzes the results of 123 published, peer-reviewed studies addressing links
between food marketing and children's preferences, requests, consumption, and
adiposity. Evidence supports the links.
– Marketing strongly influences children's food preferences, requests, and
consumption.
– Food promotions have a direct effect on children's nutrition knowledge,
preferences, purchase behaviour, consumption patterns and diet-related health.
Current marketing practice predominantly promotes low nutrition foods and
beverages.
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Food Marketing to children
Advertising targeted at caregivers, children and adolescents is dominated by unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverage products - widely available and increasingly affordable.
Persuasive marketing techniques are frequently used
– to advertise non-core foods to children,
– to promote children’s brand recognition and
preference for advertised products.
– Marketing that targets children and
adolescents is POWERFUL and effective.
http://www.obesityaction.org
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Spending on Food Marketing to Children
(Federal Trade Commission, USA)
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Online advertising expenditure in three leading markets
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Euro
s (m
illio
ns)
UK
Germany
France
Sources: DoubleClick 2005, IABUK 2007, IAB 2007, 2009, 2011
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WHO GUIDANCE AND
SUPPORTED INITIATIVES
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WHO Guidance
International Code of Marketing Breastmilk
Substitutes
WHO Guidance on inappropriate promotion of
foods for infants and young children.
WHO Set of Recommendations on Marketing of
food and non-alcoholic beverages to children.
Resolution WPR/RC68.R3: Protecting children
from the harmful impact of food marketing
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Recommendations
The recommendations were developed with
substantial input from Member States and other
stakeholders and endorsed by the 63rd WHA in
May 2010.
To guide efforts by Member States in designing
new and/or strengthening existing policies on
food marketing communications to children in
order to reduce the impact on children of
marketing of foods high in saturated fats, trans-
fatty acids, free sugars, or salt.
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Policy Specifications
• Setting where children gathering• School marketing:
• use of vending machines.• branding of school catering menus, school signs.• donation of branded school or gym equipment, • sponsorship of school events or fairs.• sponsorship of school vehicles.
• Children’s programmes” & “programmes watched by children
• Which foods to include or exclude.
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Policy implementation
• Defining the roles of stakeholders (government led)• The different policy implementation options:
• Statutory regulation (compliance is a legal requirement).
• Government-led vs self-regulation.• Effective enforcement.
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COUNTRY’S EXPERIENCE IN
REGULATING FOOD MARKETING TO
CHILDREN
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Policy on Marketing in the Western PacificNumber of countries
Policies to reduce the impact on children of food marketing.
15 of 36 (42%)
Status of implementation (N=15)
Enforced 3 (8%)
Voluntary 11 (73%)
Don’t know 1 (7%)
Targeted to
Schools 13 (87%)
Broadcast media (TV/Radio) 10 (67%)
Print-based media 9 (60%)
Web-based social media 5 (33%)
Sporting events 5 (33%)
Source: WHO NCD Country Capacity Survey 2013
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Republic of Korea
• In 2008, Republic of Korea passed a law forbidding the airing of junk food ads on TV between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m., the prime viewing hours for children.
• Evaluation (Kim et al 2013): The total adverting budget and number of ad placements decreased for Energy Dense and Nutrient Poor (ENDP) food products fell 57% across all hours and 82% in restricted hours.
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United Kingdom
• In 2006, the U.K. passed a legislation where restrictions were
put on television advertisements for products containing high
amounts of salt, fat, or sugar targeting consumers younger than
16.
• Evaluation suggested the impact of the marketing restrictions
have been significant.
• By 2009, children were exposed to 37% fewer
advertisements promoting products high in fats, sugars or
salt compared to 2005.
• Annual expenditure for child-themed food and drink
advertisements across all media decreased by 41%, from
£103 million in 2003 to £61 million by 2007.
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After the lawBefore the law
Chile: Impact of the Law
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Summary
The rapid economic growth in Western Pacific Region in the past few
decades has contributed to the increase in childhood obesity
prevalence.
Food marketing is an important factor contributing to rising levels of
obesity. However food marketing regulatory is limited.
Multi-level restriction of food marketing (school, TVs ads) show
promising/positive results with the potential to be refined and
improved supportive environments..
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Summary
Government leadership is a key factor for the successful
implementation of control of food marketing.
Targeting children and applying a comprehensive multisectoral
approach may increase the effectiveness and sustainability of
childhood obesity prevention programmes.
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THANK YOU