PROTECTION BARRIERS

INTRODUCTION

Biosafety standards are intended to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from recognized and unrecognized infection in Health Services accidents linked to exposure to blood and body fluids

OBJECTIVES

1.The accident prevention measures of health personnel is exposed to blood and other biological fluids. 2.La conduct to be followed in an accident with exposure to these elements

Both Dental Surgeons, Health staff and patients are those most at risk of contracting infectious diseases such

as AIDS, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, herpes virus hominis infections.

BIOSECURITY PRINCIPLES

A) Universality: This involves considering the whole person can be infected. Also, consider all body fluids as potentially polluting.

All staff should routinely follow standard precautions to prevent exposure of the skin and mucous membranes.

These precautions should be applied to all people without exception or distinction.

B) Use of barriers: Avoid direct exposure to blood and other body fluids potentially contaminated through the use of suitable materials that may be brought in contact with them.

The use of barriers (egg gloves) do not prevent accidents, exposure to these fluids, but decrease the consequences of that accident.

C) Means of disposal of contaminated material: Includes the set of devices and procedures through which the materials used in patient care, are deposited and removed without risk of infection due to mishandling of these.

THE DENTAL PRACTICE INFECTION CAN OCCUR THROUGH THE FOLLOWING MECHANISMS:

• Direct contact with infected substance

(injury, blood, saliva).

• Direct contact with contaminated

objects.

• Contamination by infected aerosols.

• Splashes of blood or saliva,

nasopharyngeal secretions on the skin or mucosa or abraded

healthy.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS

1 .- HAND WASHING:

Its purpose is to remove transient bacterial flora, reduce resident and avoid shipping.

Therefore it is essential to wash hands before and after placement of the gloves.

2 .- GLOVES

It is recommended for clinical examination non-sterile disposable gloves.

For surgical procedures are recommended disposable sterilized.

Reusable gloves should be thick and are used only for washing instruments.

3 .- MASKS

The mask protects mainly the nasal mucosa and prevents aerosol pollution caused by rotary instruments office.

4. EYE PROTECTION

Prevent eye injuries caused by particles projected onto the face of the operator, while protecting against infection whereas many germs of normal oral flora are opportunistic pathogens.

5 .- PROFESSIONAL DRESS

Includes apron, bib and hat. It aims to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the work area. It also prevents contamination of street clothes during care in the office.

6 .- ESTERILIZACIÓNACIÓN AND DISINFECTION OF OFFICE, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:

The local care should have walls and floors for easy cleaning, avoiding unnecessary wall or rough or porous materials that hinder industrial hygiene practice.

DISINFECTION:

Is, in particular, the destruction of microorganisms of the instrumental work surfaces or by applying a chemical agent at a concentration and time. We consider that disinfection includes only the removal of vegetative forms, does not ensure the destruction of bacterial spores.

To establish sterilization and disinfection strategies, we must consider factors such as: • contact time • concentration of the chemical • presence of organic matter or minerals on the surface of the instrument • nature of the chemical agent in relation to its solubility in water • MO type, number and resistance to the agent

CONCLUSIONS

• Biosecurity and its rules must be respected by all for the sake of protecting their patients, their partners and their own health, so as to interrupt the chain of transmission of infectious agent and the disease itself.

• The challenge of dentistry today is among others to define a working system, equipment and methods that allow you to increase coverage and maintain the necessary and appropriate aseptic.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

•MOONEY CANYONING Operative Dentistry Third Edition Mosby / Doyne Books 1995 pp: 185-192

• CD Dictionary Mosby Medical, Nursing and Health Sciences 5th. Harcourt Publishing Edition - Spain.

• Reference Library Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2004