protective relaying lecture_2_edited.ppt

7/23/2019 Protective Relaying Lecture_2_edited.ppt

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LIST OF DEVICE NUMBERLIST OF DEVICE NUMBER


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22 TIME DELAY STARTING OR CLOSING RELAY. TIME DELAY STARTING OR CLOSING RELAY.

33 CHECKING OR INTERLOCKING RELAY. CHECKING OR INTERLOCKING RELAY.

2121 DISTANCE RELAY. DISTANCE RELAY.

2525 SYNCHRONIZING OR SYNCHRONISM CHECK SYNCHRONIZING OR SYNCHRONISM CHECKRELAY.RELAY.

2727 UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY. UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY.

3030 ANNUCIATOR RELAY. ANNUCIATOR RELAY.

3232 DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAY. DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAY.3737 UNDERCURRENT OR UNDERPOWER RELAY. UNDERCURRENT OR UNDERPOWER RELAY.


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40 FIELD FAILURE RELAY.

46 REVERSE PHASE OR PHASE BALANCE CURRENT RELAY.

49 MACHINE OR TRANSFORMER THERMAL RELAY.

50 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT OR RATE OF RISE RELAY.

51 AC TIME OVERCURRENT RELAY.

52 AC CIRCUIT BREAKER.

52A CIRCUIT BREAKER UXILLIARY SWITCH NORMALLY OPEN.

52B CIRCUIT BREAKER AUXILLIARY SWITCH NORMALLY CLOSED.

55 POWER FACTOR RELAY.

56 FIELD APPLICATION RELAY.

59 OVERVOLTAGE RELAY.

60 VOLTAGE OR CURRENT BALANCE RELAY


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6464 EARTH FAULT PROTECTIVE RELAY. EARTH FAULT PROTECTIVE RELAY.

6767 AC DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY. AC DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY.

6868 BLOCKING RELAY. BLOCKING RELAY.

7474 ALARM RELAY. ALARM RELAY.

7676 DC OVERCURRENT RELAY. DC OVERCURRENT RELAY.

7878 PHASE ANGLE MEASURING OR OUT OF STEP PHASE ANGLE MEASURING OR OUT OF STEPPROTECTIVE RELAY.PROTECTIVE RELAY.

7979 AC RECLOSING RELAY. AC RECLOSING RELAY.

8181 FREQUENCY RELAY. FREQUENCY RELAY.

8383 AUTOMATIC SELECTIVE CONTROL OR TRANSFER RELAY. AUTOMATIC SELECTIVE CONTROL OR TRANSFER RELAY.

8585 CARRIER OR PILOT WIRE RECEIVE RELAY. CARRIER OR PILOT WIRE RECEIVE RELAY.8686 LOCKING OUT RELAY. LOCKING OUT RELAY.

8787 DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAY. DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAY.


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LEGENDSLEGENDS

51N51N RESIDUAL GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY 0.5 2.5 A. RESIDUAL GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY 0.5 2.5 A.

6363 SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY. SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY.

63X63X AUXILLIARY RELAY FOR SUDDEN PRESSURE. AUXILLIARY RELAY FOR SUDDEN PRESSURE.

7979 RECLOSING RELAY ! SHOT DC OPERATED TIMER. RECLOSING RELAY ! SHOT DC OPERATED TIMER.

8686 TRIPPING " LOCKOUT RELAY. TRIPPING " LOCKOUT RELAY.

87B87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY HIGH SPEED HIGH BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY HIGH SPEED HIGHINPEDANCE VOLTAGE UNITINPEDANCE VOLTAGE UNIT

WITH LOW INPEDANCE INSTANTANEOUSWITH LOW INPEDANCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT UNIT. OVERCURRENT UNIT.

87T87T TRANSFORMER BANK DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TRANSFORMER BANK DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

PERCENTAGE 2 RESTRAINTS. PERCENTAGE 2 RESTRAINTS.


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LEGENDSLEGENDS

87G87G RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY.

9494 AUXILLIARY TRIPPING RELAY. AUXILLIARY TRIPPING RELAY.

AA AMMETER AMMETER

KWHKWH BILLING KILOWATT HOUR METER W# DEMAND INDICATOR. BILLING KILOWATT HOUR METER W# DEMAND INDICATOR.

VARVAR VARMETER VARMETER

VV VOLTMETER VOLTMETER

WW WATTMETER WATTMETERASAS AMMETER SWITCH AMMETER SWITCH

VSVS VOLTMETER SWITCH VOLTMETER SWITCH

6767 DUAL POLARIZED TIME " INSTANTANEOUS GROUND DIRECTIONAL DUAL POLARIZED TIME " INSTANTANEOUS GROUND DIRECTIONAL

GTGT OVERCURRENT RELAY. OVERCURRENT RELAY.

1212 ZONE PACKAGE MHO CHARACTERISTICS COMPENSATOR DISTANCE ZONE PACKAGE MHO CHARACTERISTICS COMPENSATOR DISTANCERELAYRELAY

Z-1Z-1 $ZONE %&. $ZONE %&.

2121 ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH OFFSET OPTION ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH OFFSET OPTION

Z-2Z-2 COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY $ZONE 2&. COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY $ZONE 2&.


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LEGENDSLEGENDS

2121 ' ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH' ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITHZ-3Z-3 OFFSET OPTION COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAYOFFSET OPTION COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY

$ZONE !&. $ZONE !&.

50H50H HIGH SET NONDIRECTIONAL INSTANTANEOUS HIGH SET NONDIRECTIONAL INSTANTANEOUSOVERCURRENT RELAY. OVERCURRENT RELAY.

22 TOW ZONE TIMING AUXILLIARY RELAY $ATARTING TOW ZONE TIMING AUXILLIARY RELAY $ATARTINGOR CLOSING&. OR CLOSING&.

2727 UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY %%5 VOLTS. UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY %%5 VOLTS.

27X27X UNDERVOLTAGE TIMING RELAY FOR TRANSFER UNDERVOLTAGE TIMING RELAY FOR TRANSFERSCHEME. SCHEME.

5050 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAYS. INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAYS.

50-5150-51 PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY WITH INSTATANEOUS PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY WITH INSTATANEOUSUNIT %.0 %2 A $( '%) A ITT&. UNIT %.0 %2 A $( '%) A ITT&.

51G51G TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL GROUND OVERCURRENT TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL GROUND OVERCURRENTRELAY 0.5 2.5 A. RELAY 0.5 2.5 A.


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01/09/16

PRINCIPLES OFPRINCIPLES OFPROTECTIVE RELAYINGPROTECTIVE RELAYING


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01/09/16

Part 1:Power System Protection


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Electrc !"#er S$%te&Electrc !"#er S$%te&

Electricity is generated at a ower lant !"#$ %oltage is &steed'() *ortransmission !+#, energy tra%els along a transmission line to t-e areaw-ere t-e ower is needed !.#, %oltage is decreased or &steed'down$)at anot-er s(/station !0#$ and a distri/(tion ower line !1# carries t-atelectricity (ntil it reac-es a -ome or /(siness !2#,


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Power System

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S/)%t't"*


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345KV S#tc$'r

Bank #1 Bank #2 Bank #3

F1 F2 F3 F4

TYPICAL 3ISTRI45TION S54STATIONSingle Line Diagram

F1 F2 F3 F4Bus tie F1 F2 F3 F4

34.5kV switchgear No. 1

83 MVA PXF

with OLTC

115KV S#tc$'r

LEGEND:

Initia

!ti"ate

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Bus No. 1

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7.2 MVAR

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Bus tie

#$COM#$%

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#$COM#$%

11&"V L#$' 2


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!r"tect"*!r"tect"*

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S43/43S43/43A1A1*/


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W't % ' ,r"tecte rel'$W't % ' ,r"tecte rel'$

Protective relaysProtective relaysare devices whichare devices whichmonitor power system conditions andmonitor power system conditions and

operate to quickly and accuratelyoperate to quickly and accuratelyisolate faults or dangerous conditions.isolate faults or dangerous conditions.A well designed protective systemA well designed protective system

can limit damage to equipment, ascan limit damage to equipment, aswell as minimize the extent ofwell as minimize the extent ofassociated service interruption.associated service interruption.


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T- =1363/ />?17 - =31,-//3+T- =1363/ />?17 - =31,-//3+

T- @/@3


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!r"tect"*!r"tect"*

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C14? B13*31,C14? B13*31,T1*/,


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: ;/'*tte% 're *"r&'lee)'c(

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Components of Power System Protection


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Comonents o* Power SystemComonents o* Power System

ProtectionProtection

S*-/

B*317

T1*/,@,,-/

L/3

T1= C-+

R3+*7 C-/*4,

B T


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SLG

LL

DLG

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5

5

2 -1 +3,,


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" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&R3+*9+7R3+*9+7 D3=3/


24/127


" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&

Rel')lt$Rel')lt$

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/3/


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Selectt$Selectt$

P31;-1@*/43 -; =1-3463


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S,eeS,ee

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I/,*/*/3-?, ' /- /3/-/*+


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E,ere*ceE,ere*ce

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93 3/4-?/313


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Ind(stry StandardsThe Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) andother organization provides industr standards through !"SI

or IE#$ These include speci%c standards for man applications$!"SI'$*&1+ ,elas and ,ela Sstem

!ssociated -ith Electric Po-er!pparatus

IEEE STD ./.&10 ,ecommended Practice

for Protection and #oordinationof Industrial and #ommercialPo-er Sstem

Factors Which Influence Design

of a Protective System


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01/09/16

Part .:

Princiles o*Protecti%e Relaying


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3e%eloment o* Protecti%eRelays

Electro'mec-anicalrelay

Solid'state relay

3igital relay


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T:3 @-, 4-@@-/+7 ?,3


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Electro'mec-anicalElectro'mec-anical

Relay6Relay6

( 1st Generation )( 1st Generation )

2perator ,od

Spring

Disc

Time !d3ustment:Tension controlled

#ontacts

#ore

Sensing #oil


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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,

C-@=-,-/ -; :3 1-*/8


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C:*1*431,4 4?163 , -9*/3


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Set 4alue

5 #! E

#omparator Timing#ircuit

2utput

,# 5ased Timing

!# & D##onversion

#urrent Sampling6rom #Ts

Static Relay6Static Relay6

( 2nd( 2nd

Generation )Generation )


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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,

RC T@/8 414?.

T3@=31*?13


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C14*+ C-@=-/3/, $4-//?3


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D3,8/ A==1-*4:

P31-


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C-@=?31'9*,3


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#urrent Sampling

#ontrol ,ela #ontacts

Data 7 !ddress 5us

8icro&processor

5 #! E

!# & D##onversion

!

M3@-17 EPROM

O?=? C-/1-+

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3igital Relay63igital Relay6

( MicroProcessor( MicroProcessor

Based )Based )


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3

AC# DC

R34;4*-/

A/*+-8 - D8*+ C-/631,-/A - D



Based )Based )


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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,

H8: F13?3/47 B?,

S?,43=9+3 - EMI# RFI.

AC# DC " D8*+ C-/631,-/

E;;34 -; O;;,3# H*1@-/4, 34.

CPU

RAM

EPROM

A#D H'F13 B?,



Based )Based )


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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,

H8: F13?3/47 B?,

S?,43=9+3 - EMI# RFI.

AC# DC " D8*+ C-/631,-/

E;;34 -; O;;,3# H*1@-/4, 34.

A - D

N-,3



Based )Based )


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D3,8/ A==1-*4:

RC " LC B*,3< ;+31,

S+- 1==/8 *4-/,

S:3+


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-c"*tr"ller

#urrent Sampling5 #! E

!# & D##onversion

O?=? C-/1-+

Stead state data

,ela #ontacts

#rstal


( MicroController( MicroController

Based )Based )


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3

L3,,31 /-. -; 4-@=-/3/, :3/43 +3,, 4:*/43 -; ;*+?13.

A++ /343,,*17 =31=:31*+, /'9?+ /- :3 4:=.

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D3,8/ P1/4=+3

A9,3/43 -; 3=-,3< :8: ;13?3/47 9?,

A++ /343,,*17 =31=:31*+, /'9?+ /- :3 4:=.

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( MicroController( MicroController

Based )Based )


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-c"*tr"ller

#urrent Sampling5 #! EDirect !#Sampling

O?=? C-/1-+

Stead state data

,ela #ontacts

#rstal S31*+ P-1 To 2utside -orld


( Numerical Relay )( Numerical Relay )


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3

AC *3/?*-/

A/*+-8 - D8*+ C-/631,-/

N?@314 ;+31/8 " @3*,?13@3/

A - D


( Numerical Relay )( Numerical Relay )


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3


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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3


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F3*?13,

V317 ?4 -=31*-/.

I/'9?+ @@?/7 - DC " :*1@-/4, $?/3'/lt >1C'* B52C'* B23C'* B3


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9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination

C(rrent 9agnit(deC(rrent 9agnit(de

20 A(0 A%00 A

I/,.0.!5 ,34%.0 ,34

TimeTime



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C(rrent 3irectionC(rrent 3irection

3istance 9eas(rement3istance 9eas(rement

8 : V;I o-ms




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Time and C(rrentTime and C(rrent

9agnit(de9agnit(de

T&e

/rre*t




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Time and 3istanceTime and 3istance

Z"*e3

Z"*e 2

Z"*e 1

T&e

.%t'*ce




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C(rrent 4alanceC(rrent 4alance

87T




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P-ase ComarisonP-ase Comarison


Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays


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O%erc(rrent Relays ' are oeratedw-en t-e c(rrent assing to t-erelay e


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R''l +*e !r"tect"*R''l +*e !r"tect"*

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3irectional O%erc(rrent Relays- areoerated w-en t-e c(rrent assingto it e


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3irectional O%erc(rrent Relays

S" "r ' '/lt I/%t 'ter B4 ' rect"*'l "er-c/rre*t

rel'$ 't B3 #ll %ee te '/lt * reer%e #le 't B4

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3istance Relays

9eas(res t-e imedance o* t-e line it/eing roortional to t-e distance o* t-eline *rom t-e s(/station -ence t-e nameimlies,

=idely (sed rotection sc-eme *or

3o(/le'Ended Transmission Line *rom 2>?V ( to as -ig- as 1@@ ?V /y Transco 9ERALCO,




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3i7erential Protection3i7erential Protection

:*,/t @/t,/t&


Differential 'elay

( relay that )y its *esign or application is inten*e* to

respon* to the *ifference )etween incoming an*

outgoing electrical +uantities associate* with the

protecte* apparatus,


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CT

CT

PC4

PO=ERTRANSFOR9E

R

1@;1"

"1"GPC4

-ransformer Protection

BT

B2T

TRIPS AN3 LOCDS'O5TS AN3 LS PC4


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)*+ica $%s &rrange"ents:

,inge -%s

Do%-e -%s o%-e -reaker

$reakeranaha

2ain an transer -%ses with singe -reaker

ing -%s

us)ar Protection


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us)ar Protection

$%s ierentia connection singe-%s

B4

B24

TRIPS AN3 LOCDS'O5T ALL 4READERS

CONNECTE3 TO 45S

NOTE6 All CTs connected to t-e /(sdi7erential m(st -a%e same ratios,45S


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R3+*7

CT CT

PrimaryElement

2@@;1

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1A 1A

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1A

2@@A


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R3+*7

CT CT

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2@@;1

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"@A

2@@A

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Fa(lt

2@@A

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01/09/16

Part ':

Relaying P-iloso-y

Po er S stem


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AB

C

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Power System

Standard Protection


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Radial LinesLooed Lines

Power Trans*ormer4(s 4arCaacitor 4an?

Standard Protection


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50

5%50N

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TARGET

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21 PHASE DISTANCE RELAY

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43R RECLOSER SWITCH

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52 POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER

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01/09/16

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01/09/16

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chaacteisticchaacteistic..



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+"",e +*e !r"tect"*+"",e +*e !r"tect"*


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X

R

X

R

FA. @C!@S:TE

T$,e% " .%t'*ce Rel'$

+"",e +*e !r"tect"*+"",e +*e !r"tect"*


102/127

01/09/16

Stan*ar* ProtectionStan*ar* Protection

/ho Distance 'elay 2#/ho Distance 'elay 2#88-o phasephase o 3phase-o phasephase o 3phase

-au+ts-au+ts

0ua* Distance 'elay 2#30ua* Distance 'elay 2#388-o +i!etoou!) -au+ts to-o +i!etoou!) -au+ts to

co0e ac esista!ceco0e ac esista!cePhase Directional 4C 'elay 7Phase Directional 4C 'elay 788/ac"up -o phase/ac"up -o phase

phase o 3phase -au+tsphase o 3phase -au+ts

3roun* Directional 4C 'elay 763roun* Directional 4C 'elay 7688 /ac"up -o +i!e/ac"up -o +i!e

toou!) -au+tstoou!) -au+ts

-eleprotection 85-eleprotection 85 POTT Pe*issi0e O0eeachi! POTT Pe*issi0e O0eeachi!

Ta!s-e Tip5Ta!s-e Tip5

(uto1'eclosing 7(uto1'eclosing 76 i!sta!ta!eous 3*sec5 si!+e6 i!sta!ta!eous 3*sec5 si!+e

shotshot



103/127

I"+e"enting Distance ea* (haracteristic with

)i"e Grae ,che"e aso cae ,te+ Distance ,che"e

-ime & !,! sec

-ime & #,! sec

-ime & !,$5 sec

2#

( CD

2

$

Instantaneo%s

)i"e Dea*e

)i"e Dea*eZ%

Z2

Z!

#

R3+*7 L-4*-/



104/127

N- /3/-/*+


105/127

T@3


106/127

T@3


107/127

#1

#1

2n this condition #5 5 -ill tripinstantaneousl via ;one 1 operation -hile#5 ! -ill trip after*$'0 second via ;one .$ This is not good

since the fault has to e cleared immediatel$

90 o L ; instant

90 o L ; instant

1#0 o L ; 0.35 s

& $

S" tere % ' *ee t" %"le t% ,r")le& t" c"erS" tere % ' *ee t" %"le t% ,r")le& t" c"er

te ,r"tect"* " te re&'**= 10? " te l*eMte ,r"tect"* " te re&'**= 10? " te l*eM

W't te

'/lt "cc/r%

'% %"#*



108/127

"&&/*c't"*-Ae !r"tect"*

#1

#1

Z% 0 -; ZL /,*/

Z% 0 -; ZL /,*/

Z2 %20 -; ZL 0.!5 ,

& $

Z2 %20 -; ZL 0.!5 ,

XCTR

A

XCTR

B# #

RVR

ARVR

B

&ND&ND

)I

)I


i i


109/127

"&&/*c't"*-Ae !r"tect"*

#1

#1

1 ; 90 o L ; instant

1 ; 90 o L ; instant

# ; 1#0 o L ; 0.35 s

& $

# ; 1#0 o L ; 0.35 s

XCTR

A

XCTR

B# #

RVR

ARVR

B

&ND&ND

No )I

No )I


. * .i P i


110/127

R3+*7 , ,3 * ;*?+ * :3 **43/ 9?,

!'=:*,3 ;*?+ ;-1 ( :+3 SLG ;*?+ ;-1 (N T@3 , 0.0 ,34-/< I/,*/*/3-?, ?/ , 9+-43< $distance relay must

initiate first the tripping& N- *?-'134+-,?13 :3/ 1==/8 /*3< 97 9*4'?=

=1-34-/

B'c(-/, .rect"*'l @erc/rre*t Rel'$

(

(N

(

(N


. * .i P i


111/127

Wt A/t"-Recl"%*= Z-/3 % T1==/8

Z-/3 2 C-@@?/4*-/'A


112/127

Trans*ormerTrans*ormer


113/127


O631:3*/8O631:3*/8

N-1@*+ @*@?@ -1/8 3@=. 5 CN-1@*+ @*@?@ -1/8 3@=. 5 C

'%0 C 1,3 ++ :*+63 :3 +;3 -; :3 1*/,;-1@31.'%0 C 1,3 ++ :*+63 :3 +;3 -; :3 1*/,;-1@31.

O6314?113/O6314?113/F?,3, ;-1


114/127

D;;313/*+ ' TD;;313/*+ ' T

O631+-*< ' 5%O631+-*< ' 5%

B*4'?= G1-?/< ' %5%GB*4'?= G1-?/< ' %5%G

O631:3*/8 ' T:31@*+ R3+*7O631:3*/8 ' T:31@*+ R3+*7

G*, D334-/ ' B?4::-+ R3+*7G*, D334-/ ' B?4::-+ R3+*7

S?


115/127

#T

#T

0.

P2


116/127

Di?erential ,elaDi?erential ,ela

! rela that its design or! rela that its design or

application is intended to respondapplication is intended to respondto the di?erence et-eento the di?erence et-een

incoming and outgoing electricalincoming and outgoing electrical

@uantities associated -ith the@uantities associated -ith the

protected apparatus$protected apparatus$


Trans*ormer


117/127

Percentage 3i7erential ProtectionPercentage 3i7erential Protection

Constant Percent Sloe C-aracteristic 3i7erentialRelay

D : "@

D : +1

D : 0@

Restraint : !I"I+#;+

Oerate

I"'I+

8in$ PicA&up

Trans*ormerProtection

Trans*ormer


118/127

Percentage 3i7erential ProtectionPercentage 3i7erential Protection

Varia/le Percent Sloe C-aracteristic3i7erential Relay

Restraint : !I"I+#;+

Oerate

I"'I+

Slope 1

Slope .

!c(-/,

TR:! Z@NE

N@ TR:! Z@NE

Trans*ormerProtection


119/127

4(s/ar4(s/arP i


120/127


T$,c'l B/% Arr'*=e&e*t%T$,c'l B/% Arr'*=e&e*t% S*=le )/%S*=le )/% ."/)le )/%< "/)le )re'(er."/)le )/%< "/)le )re'(er

Bre'(er-'*-'-'lBre'(er-'*-'-'l C'* '* tr'*%er )/%e% #t %*=leC'* '* tr'*%er )/%e% #t %*=le

)re'(er)re'(er R*= )/%R*= )/%

4(s/ar4(s/ar



121/127

B?, 5

T,IPS !"D L2#BS&2CT !LL 5,E!BE,S#2""E#TED T25CS

"2TE: !ll #Ts connected to the usdi?erential must have same ratios$5CS


4(s/ar4(s/ar



122/127

B?,


123/127

B?,


124/127

B?,


125/127

B?,


126/127

T#" B/%)'r !r"tect"* Sce&e%T#" B/%)'r !r"tect"* Sce&e%L- I@=3


127/127

protective relaying lecture_2_edited.ppt

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