proteins : what’s so special about them? today, we will talk about…. 1.what are proteins made of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Proteins: what’s so special about them?
Today, we will talk about….
1. what are Proteins made of
2. what gives Proteins their characteristics
3. what are some of the major functions
of proteins
![Page 2: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
So, our first goal…
What are Proteins made of?
![Page 3: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Proteins are polymers
•What does that mean?
![Page 4: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• All proteins are made from a common set of 20 kinds of amino acids
• Amino Acids (AA) are the monomers of Proteins.
• They have weird names like….
• Methionine
• Isoluciene
• Histidine
• Threonine
• Glutamine
• Amino acids are bonded to other amino acids by peptide bonds
What are the monomers of Proteins?
![Page 5: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Three parts of an amino acid…
• 1. Carboxyl group
• 2. Amino group
• 3. Side group
• The side group is what makes amino acids different from each other!
• AA are bonded to other AA by dehydration synthesis, making “peptide bonds”
A bit about Amino Acids…
Copyright © 2009 Ekis, Inc., Tell Glenn to shand up Publishing
![Page 6: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dehydration Synthesis….
Copyright © 2009 Ekis, Inc., Bring me Macaroons Publishing
Peptide bond
Water is given off!
![Page 7: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• We have the ability to make 12 of the 20 amino acids needed to build proteins• However, there are 8 that we must consume….
Phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine,
leucine, and lysine.
What is an “essential Amino Acid”?
![Page 8: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Amino Acids (AA) are arranged in a long chain, then the chain folds. This new shape enables it to function.
AAAA
AA
AA AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AAAA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
Peptide Bonds!
This whole thing would be a Protein!! Sometimes known as a “Polypeptide”…
![Page 9: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Important concept alert!!!Every protein can
only fold a specific way
, so if you need a specific type of fold (for a specific function or ability), you have to make a
specific type of protein!!
![Page 10: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Now, our second goal…
What gives Proteins their characteristics?
In other words: what enables proteins to fold certain ways?
![Page 11: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Change The type of Amino Acids make the protein unique
• Change the number of Amino Acids make the protein unique
• Change the order of Amino Acids make the protein unique
These three things are what mainly determine a protein’s characteristics!
If YOU were to build a protein model (stick a bunch of AA together to create a protein), what could you do that would make your
protein unique compared to everyone else’s??
![Page 12: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example of how one small difference can cause HUGE changes…
Hemoglobin - an important protein used by red blood cells to transport Oxygen throughout the body.
It is 146 Amino Acids long!!
BUT, If you replace Glutamic acid (AA) with Valine (AA) at the sixth position, the hemoglobin cannot fold correctly.
This ultimately causes red blood cells to have a funky shape….
Sickle Cell Anemia
Normal
![Page 13: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What do you think determines the order, number, and type of
amino acids used by the ribosome to build proteins???
•DNA!!
Big Question…
![Page 14: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Now, our Third goal for today…
What are some of the major functions
of proteins?
![Page 15: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Also known as contractile proteins: actin
and myosin
• Create the structures in muscle cells that allow contraction
2. Structure• Collagen
• Most abundant protein in the body.
• Forms connective fibers like ligaments, tendons, cartilage, etc.
1. Movement
![Page 16: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Within body
• Hemoglobin
• Moves Oxygen (O2) throughout the body
• Red blood cells are FILLLED with hemoglobin!!
3. Transport
![Page 17: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Hormones!!
• Important in homeostasis
• Used to signal cell to cell
• Send messages throughout the body
• Produced by glands
• Insulin
• Regulates blood sugar level
• Diabetes
4. Regulation
![Page 18: Proteins : what’s so special about them? Today, we will talk about…. 1.what are Proteins made of 2. what gives Proteins their characteristics 3.what are](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f0d5503460f94c218de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Antibodies
• Cover receptor sites on bacteria/viruses
• Prevents them from attaching to YOUR cells!
• Clumps them together so HUGE white blood cells can engulf and destroy them in large numbers
• Can you name this process of engulfing them in large numbers?????
Endocytosis - Phagocytosis!
5. Defense