Protestant Reformation

Religion in

Middle Ages

Europe

Catholic Church in the 16th Century• Established hierarchy of clergy– in some ways, like a monarchy–priests took loyalty oaths to pope

• Church considered the mediating institution for individual salvation– importance of seven sacraments–mass conducted in Latin

• Church provided almost all education

Corruption in the Medieval

Church

Quiz results

Other Sources of Discontent with the Church

• Abuse of power by the popes–Using excommunication to force

monarchs to obey their wishes–Fighting wars against rising European

monarchs

• Being influenced by one monarch–Ex: French “Babylonian Captivity”

13.3 worksheet:

The Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther(gets fed up…)

Question #3 As a Catholic monk,

Luther closely studies the Bible. What did Luther

come to believe about the Bible?

Question #4List four examples as to why Northern Europe

was ready for the Reformation.

Question #8In what ways did Luther exhibit some of the

‘humanist’ beliefs of the Renaissance?

Question #10What are three different reasons many

Germans embraced Luther’s ideas?

The Protestant Reformation Spreads• Reformers begin to rise in other

countries–Huldrych Zwingli (Switzerland)–John Calvin (France)–Gustav Vasa (Sweden)–Frederick I (Denmark/northern

Germany)–Henry VIII (England)

The Protestant Reformation

The Counter-ReformationRoman Catholic Church tries to clean up its act…

• The Council of Trent (1545 and 1563) to make reforms in Catholic Church– reaffirmed Catholic doctrines– Seminaries created for proper training of clergy– Rejects compromise with Protestants– Appointment of bishops for political purposes

prohibited• New orders emerge to support reforms and

focus on local parishes, educating laity