protists i & ii lab 4 biol 171 use protists in a “qualitative sense” because it refers to many...
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Remember!: Classification SystemTRANSCRIPT
Protists I & II Lab 4 BIOL 171 Use Protists in a qualitative
sense because it refers to many organisms that span clades.
Remember!: Classification System Well be looking at all of
these!
Saving for next week? Well be looking at all of these! Protists are
everywhere in Eukarya! the junk drawer of the eukaryotes Ancestral
Eukaryote Well be looking at all of these!
Protists are everywhere in Eukarya! the junk drawer of the
eukaryotes Ancestral Eukaryote Only Land Plants, Fungi, and Animals
are not protists. Alveolates, Strameopiles, Amebozoans,
Opisthokonts proposed clades Lesser groups (diplomoands) are Phyla
Entire groupds (excavata) are Supergroups 6 Kingdoms Plants
(Plantae) Animals (Animalia) Fungi (Fungi)
Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Protista These are considered
qualitative terms not correct science terminlogy. A constantly
changing system
Linnaeus[5] (1735) 2 kingdoms Haeckel[6] (1866) 3 kingdoms
Chatton[7] (1925) 2 groups Copeland[8] (1938) 4 kingdoms
Whittaker[2] (1969) 5 kingdoms Woese [9][10] (1977,1990) 3 domains
Animalia Eukaryote Eukarya Vegetabilia Plantae Protoctista Fungi
Protista (not treated) Prokaryote Monera Archaea Bacteria Lab Study
A: Alveolates
Dinoflagellates: mixed dinoflagellates (live & wet mount), and
Peridinium (wet mount) not in manual Apicomplexans: Trypanosoma
prepared slides Ciliate: Paramecium caudatum (wet mount) in manual
Dinoflaggelates Trypanosoma and red blood cells Paramecium
structures Lab Study B: Stramenopiles
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) make wet mount Also observe diatomaceous
earth (the cell wall deposits from diatoms) make wet mount and look
at prepared slides Diatom diversity Diatom cell wall made of silica
Stramenopile flagella Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)
Living: Ectocarpus and Sphacelaria Preserved: Fucus and Laminaria
Lab Study C: Rhizaria (different title from manual)
Foraminiferans - prepared slides Radiolarians prepared slides
Foraminiferans (forams) - prepared slides Radiolarians - prepared
slides Think about Morphological characteristics Ecology of the
organism
How does the organism get around? What role do they play in the
ecosystem? Do they have any economic value? Where do they live?
Dont know the answer??Its probably a great research question!Ask me
about it. Laboratory 4 (still) BIOL 171
Protists 2 Laboratory 4 (still) BIOL 171 What is red algae?
Eukaryotic Photosynthetic NOT plants
Most are aquatic Lab Study D: Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
Simplest is single celled, but most have a macroscopic,
multicellular body form Autotrophic (photosynthetic) manufactures
its own organic nutrients from inorganic carbon sources Contain
chlorophyll a and accessory pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin
Not all are red!Many green, black, even blue, depending on the
depth in the ocean they grow Living Specimens Porphyridium
Preserved specimens Porphyra coralline algae Chondrus crispus
Porphyra life cycle both sexual and asexual alternation of
generations! Coralline algae living rock
Extremely important role in the ecology of coral reefs: sea
urchins, fish, and mollusks eat them (herbivore enhancement).
Create microhabitats that protect invertebrates from predation.
Cell walls composed of calcium carbonate this allows it to
fossilize Economic importance: soil conditioners, food additive for
livestock, water filtration, medical vermifuge (stopped late in
18th century), preparation of dental bone implants Economic Uses
Agar polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae, used
to grow bacteria and fungi Carrageenan extracted from red algae
cell walls, used to give the texture of thickness and richness to
foods such as dairy drinks and soups. Porphyra (or nori) seaweed
wrappers for sushi, billion-dollar industry! Lab Study E: Green
Algae (Chlorophyta)
unicellular motile and non-motile, colonial, filamentous, and
multicellular GREAT DIVERSITY Live primarily in freshwater Share
many characteristics with land plants Storage of starch, presence
of chlorophylls a and b, photosynthetic pathways, and organic
compounds called flavonoids Most botanists support the hypothesis
that plants evolved from green algae Living Specimens Volvox
Chlamydomonas Pediastrum Closterium Pandorina Volvox Daughter
colonies Preserved Specimens Ulva Chara Body Form
Characteristics
Table 4: Representative Green Algae (pg. 72) Name Body Form
Characteristics Spirogyra Filamentous Ulva Leaf like Chara Branched
Chlamydomonas Unicellular flagellate Pandorina Aggregate Volvox
Colony (flagellate) Pediastrum Non-motile colony Closterium
Non-motile single celled Lab Study F: Amoebozoans
Amoeba proteus Pseudopodia temporary extensions of amoeboid cells,
function in moving and engulfing food Lab Study G: Slime Molds
(Mycetozoa)
Protists which use spores to reproduce Heterotrophic requires
carbon in organic form, cannot manufacture its own Feed using
phagocytosis Suggests they descended from unicellular amoeba-like
organisms Two types: plasmodial and cellular (we will be observing
plasmodial type today) Physarum (slime mold) Plasmodial stage
vegetative stage that consists of a multinucleate mass of
protoplasm (no cell walls), feeds on bacteria as it creeps along
the surface of moist logs or dead leaves Fruiting bodies
reproductive structures that produce spores Physarum (plasmodial
stage)
Is slime mold smarter than Japan's railway engineers?check it out!
Slime Mold Life Cycle Psychedelic slime mold video: