proton motor fuel cell gmbh - group exhibit hydrogen · pdf fileskoda electric • vehicle...

The TriHyBus and its Triple Hybrid Drive Train for City Buses

Nominated for the

© Proton Motor 2010 1

Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbHJan-Mark KunbergerProton Motor Fuel Cell GmbHBenzstraße 7D-82178 Puchheimphone: +49 89-1276265-46fax: +49 89-1276265-99e-mail: [email protected]: www.proton-motor.de

...more than just fuel cells

TriHyBus and Triple Hybrid

What is the TriHyBus?Zero Emission Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus

Basis: Standard 12 m trolley bus from Skoda Electric (on IVECO Irisbus platform)

Maximum weight: 18 t

Maximum operational range: 250 kmMaximum speed: 65km/h

Triple Hybrid Drive Train


Skoda Electric• Vehicle packaging• Design and manufacturing of power electronics

(e.g. DC/DC-converters, battery charger)• Design and programming of Power Management• Initial commissioning of vehicle• Homologation

Project Partners


UJV (Nuclear Research Institute)• Overall project management• Financing

Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH• Design Power Management• Manufacturing and initial commissioning of Fuel Cell System• Certification and integration of Fuel Cell System• Initial commissioning of vehicle

TriHyBus and Triple Hybrid

What is Triple Hybrid?

SupercapsEnergy storage system applying


A Fuel Cell System

Li-Ion Batteries

Fuel Cell System

Proton Motor

Gross power: 48 kW

Specific Energy: 327 Wh/kg (incl. H2-pressure vessels)Specific Power: 47 W/kg

Weight: 600 kg


Li-Ion Battery

Voltage: 422 V (22 modules)

Energy: 27.4 kWh

Specific Energy: 80 Wh/kgSpecific Power: 155 W/kg

Weight: 326 kg


Supercaps

Maximum Power > 200 kW

Specific Energy: 1,61 Wh/kg

Specific Power: 355 W/kgDurability: over 1 mio load cycles

Weight: 660 kg


What is a city bus doing?

Power dynamics of a typical city bus drive cycle

dynamic response


vehicle speed

Drive Train Requirements

What are typical city bus drive train requirements?

-> Enough power for stop and go traffic (acceleration and recuperation)

-> Enough energy storage for two shift operation (16h or 250km)

-> Economic operation (guarantee ROI)

• Low capital investment


• Low capital investment

• Low specific energy costs

• Low specific power costs

• Low operational costs

• Low fuel costs -> high efficient vehicle

• Low maintenance costs -> high durability for triple hybrid drive train

Why Triple Hybrid?

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Supercap Li-Ion battery FCS

Specif ic Pow er [W/kg]

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Energy Cost [€/Wh]

Low cost specific power

Supercap

Low cost specific energyBattery

Fuel Cell

Why Triple Hybrid?


(VDI, Supercaps – Properties and Vehicle Application, 2005)

Power Management and Power Scheme

DC/DCWandler

DC/DCBatterieladegerät

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M

Kühlung

M

Ventilation

Flexible Power Scheme and Power Management

Average power

• Fuel Cell

High power dynamics• Supercaps

P_fc=f(v, SOC, DC_link) P_bat = f(v, SOC, DC_link)


DC/ACWandler

Supercaps

M

Traktionsmotor

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____________Brennstoffzellen

Traktionsbatterie

Periphere

Verbraucher

Kühlung

M

Kompressor

Bus

M

KompressorBrennstoffzelle

M

Lenkkraft-verstärkung

Fuel Cell support during

high power demand (overland drive, uphill drive)• Li-Ion Battery

Triple Hybrid Performance

Fuel CellSupercaps Li-Ion Battery


Optimum operation of Fuel Cell System, Li-Ion Battery and Supercaps -> Maximum durability

TriHyBus Project Targets and Achievements

Concept Phase TargetsFuel consumption: 26l/100km (Diesel equivalent, about 8 kgH2/100km)Fuel Cell average power < 48kWTest of Power Scheme and the Power Management


AchievementsVehicle is in operation in Neratovice/Prag

Fuel consumption: 8,5 – 12 kg H2/100km (ca. 28 – 40 l Diesel

equivalent/100km), about 40% of a conventional Diesel busFuel Cell waste heat recovery for bus heating in operation

Average Fuel Cell power < 42kW

Next Steps TriHyBus Field Trials

Concept Phase successfully closed.

Field Trial Phase Targets• Integration of the next generation Fuel Cell technology• Verification of 6000h durability (on the TriHyBus)


• Verification of 6000h durability (on the TriHyBus)• Fuel consumption 8kg H2/100km HBA (Hydrogen Bus Alliance)

requirement

• DV-Testing (EMC, vibration and climate chamber tests)

• Cost reduction through modular Fuel Cell System packaging

PM Basic A50 PM200 Packaging

Modular Packaging

Fuel Cell BoxAir Loop

Cooling Loop

17© Proton Motor 2010

More flexible packaging

Easy adaptation to different applications (Bus, Ship, APU)

Higher manufacturing volume -> Economies of Scales Effect -> cost reduction

Summary

The Triple Hybrid Drive Train is the perfect drive train for city busses!

• Zero emission

• Highly efficient• Requires only an average power of less than 42 kW


• Requires only an average power of less than 42 kW• Operates the Fuel Cell, the Li-Ion Battery and the Supercaps under

minimum stressful conditions

• Is capable to cover all typical city bus drive cycles

Triple Hybrid Drive Train for City Buses


Thank you very much!

Please visit the TriHyBus between exhibition hall 13 and 27

Why Triple Hybrid?

diesel electric

generator (incl.

fuel cell system

(incl. fuel


generator (incl.

fuel system) battery

(incl. fuel

system)

critical success

factors weight AS TAS AS TAS AS TAS

zero emission 0,25 1 0,25 4 1 4 1

energy density 0,25 4 1 2 0,5 3 0,75

durability 0,2 4 0,8 3 0,6 3 0,6

costs 0,15 4 0,6 2 0,3 2 0,3

efficiency 0,15 1 0,15 4 0,6 3 0,45

sum 1 2,8 3 3,1

Milestones 2009

27.04.09 first test drive in Puchheim

30.04.09 Linie 854 Puchheim


Milestones 2009

Homologation of TriHyBuses (EMC, noise emission, isolation test)


HBA Strategy

Capital Investment[1] [ €] Volume Period

Status Quo $1.6 million to $2 million

(1200000 – 1500000)

<= 50 2009 – 2011

anticipated 1000000$ (740000) <= 100 2011 – 2013

(Hydrogen Bus Alliance, 2008)

[1] exchange rate 1,36USD/Euro (26.03.09)

Lower bound

FCS add on costs on diesel hybrid bus < $100000 (74000)

> 400 2013 – 2015

and later


Expansion of H2-Fuelling infrastructure

(Daimler, H2-Mobility – Aufbau der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland, F-Cell Symposium 2009)


proton motor fuel cell gmbh - group exhibit hydrogen · pdf fileskoda electric • vehicle...

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