Provincial America & the Struggle for a Continent

Chapter 4

Progress in the Colonies 18th century

• Population doubled every 25 yrs

- need for colleges, doctors, craftsmen, etc

- wealthy settlers & landowners

- mansions

- Colonies began to modernize

Early Harvard (Cambridge, Mass)

• Founded in 1636,Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States

College of William & Mary

• Located in Virginia, William and Mary was founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by the King William III & Queen Mary II of England. It has educated U.S. presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler

Other Colleges

• 1746- Princeton (New Jersey)

• 1740- University of Pennsylvania

• 1754- Columbia University (New York)

• 1764- Brown University (R.I)

• 1766- Rutgers, New Jersey

• 1769- Dartmouth (New Hampshire)

Expansion of the Colonies

• Immigration at all time high in colonies

- 1730- 650k settlers

- 1775- over 1 million

• Indian concern

Slaves in the South

• Slave trade reached peak during 18th century

- 90% of slaves to southern colonies - 70% of S. Carolina’s pop by 1720 - created old south (slave

plantations) - south- dependent on slaves - treatment of slaves in south

Back Country

• Life in mountain regions of the Carolinas

- farming & hunting - limited gov’t control - use of alcohol & clash with Indians

Age of Enlightenment

• asserted that human knowledge would improve society

World of Print• Impact of printing press

• William Bradford

- 1st printer in Philadelphia (1680)

• Boston (8 printers by 1740)

• Printing sparked American Enlightenment

Benjamin Franklin

• 1732- Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette

• best edited paper in America

Benjamin Franklin

• Intellectual debate almost non-existent

- Franklin’s Junto Society (1727)

- American Philosophical Society

• Franklin’s inventions

Poor Richards Almanac

Conflicts in the Colonies

Conflict w/ Spain

• Spanish (FL) offered freedom to slaves

• Stono Rebellion (S.C.)

- largest slave revolt in colonies history

- stole weapons / 25 killed

Georgia: The failure of an Enlightened Utopia

• King George II (1727-60)

- founded in 1732

- populate with England’s “worthy poor”

- protection S. Carolina

- laws of Georgia / Savannah

- population slump

- became another S. C. by 1752

North American settlements of Britain & France

French & Indian War(1756-1763)

• Settlements (p 119)

• English desire to expand westward

• conflicts w/ France (Ohio Valley)

- French & Indian trade

• Virginia sends Washington

• Washington’s orders (1754)

Albany Congress (align w/ Iroquois)

- Franklin’s political cartoon (p 120)

French & Indian War (continue)

• 1756- war officially declared• British gather force of 60,000• British make peace w/ Indians by 1758 - promise of land

French & Indian War (continue)

• Spain’s neutrality

• British concentrate on New France

- 3 pronged war [p124]

• Treaty of Paris ends war in 1763

- Britain acquired all of North America east of the Mississippi except for New Orleans (p 131)

End of war

conclusion

• France gives up American settlements

• Britain now dominant power in North America

• Spain ceded Florida

• British proclamation line

• Angers Indians