Celente FrenchVPEK 875Module 1Dr.E. Du Plessis

"Where id is, there shall ego be."– Sigmund Freud

1. Analysis of assumptions and approaches within the psycho-analytical approach.

2. Relating this theoretical framework in advanced psychiatric nursing science by arguing how this theory influences advanced psychiatric nursing science.

3. Identification of concepts and relevant terminology in psychiatric nursing science and synthesizing these concepts in order to develop a conceptual framework for advanced psychiatric nursing.

Born in Freiberg, now known as the Czech Republic, on May 6, 1856.

Developed psychoanalysis, a method of analyzing unconscious conflicts based on free associations, dreams and fantasies.

Freud mainly focused on aspects of child sexuality, libido and the ego.

Video: http://www.biography.com/people/sigmund-freud-9302400/videos/sigmund-freud-look-within-2080095635

Freud is known as one of the most famous psychiatrists of all time.

Revolutionized dream analysis and the foundation of much of his theory lies in the field of sexual repression.

Freud was convinced that the subconscious mind is impacted by thoughts since birth.

View that dreams are a product of the human mind, not the metaphysical world.

Freud’s views not only influenced psychiatry but was also used in literature and even in interpreting literature.

The conscious and unconscious mindThe Id, ego and superego

According to Ainslee, Freud developed a behavioural, economic defense mechanism where the ego deals with ‘instinctual drives” seen as spontaneous motivation. The economic theory was developed to divide “pleasure” and “unpleasure” as part of a goal-directed process.

According to Cherry (2014) Freud believed that behavior and personality develops through interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three categories of awareness: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious.

ID- want, urges and lust seeking immediate answers.

Ego- what we are capable of (concious)

Super-ego- what we should do (conscious) high ideas.

Want

Need

Think

ID Intrinsical drive, pleasure, impulsive and may be irrational.

EGO Rational self, reality principle, mediator between ID and Super ego, problem solving.

Super Ego Perfection principle, Values and morals, derived from rewards and punishments, conscious and guilt.

• According to Franks (2004) The psychoanalytic structure enhances the capacity of tolerating uncertainty and provides a model for understanding conflict of feelings, which can take place in nurse– patient relationship. (this article is very relevant towards nursing process)

•According to Townsend (2012) Freud was the first theorist to divide development into stages with first 5 years being most important. •Freud’s personality theory can be especially useful in psychiatric nursing because it is aimed at the wants, needs, and possibility of the individual, thus it is goal orientated.

•The personality theory includes id, ego, and super ego. Each focused on certain aspects of personality and development.

Personality theory can assist nurses to recognize and differentiate between behaviors of the ID, EGO and SUPER EGO. This can help in assessment of developmental level.

Understanding the use of Ego defense mechanisms can help the psychiatric nurse to identify maladaptive behavior when planning care to change behavior.

Helping nurses to seek deeper meaning and assist the patient in identifying behavioral or developmental gaps.

3. Identification of concepts and relevant terminology in psychiatric nursing science (Videbeck, 2011)

PsychoanalyticDevelopmentalInterpersonalHumanisticBehavioralExistentialPersonality componentsBahaviour motivated by subconcious thoughts and feelings.

Ego defense mechanismscompensation, conversion, denial, displacement, dissociation, fixation, identification, intellectualization, introjection, projection, rationalization, reaction, regression, sublimation, substitution, supression, undoing.

5 stages of developmentTransference and counter transference

Ainslee, G. 1982. a behavioural economic approach to the defense mechanisms: Freud’s energy revised. Social science information (SAGE, London Beverly Hills) 21,6:735-779

Bright, G. 2012. The freud files: An inquiry into the history of psychoanalysis by Borch-Jacobsen, Mikkel & Shamdasani, Sonu. Journal of analytical psychology, 57(4):538-540.

Franks, V. 2004. Evidence-based uncertainty in mental health nursing. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 11:99-105

Townsend, C. 2012. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. Philadelphia. F. A. Davis company. http://books.google.co.za/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fXj2AAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=psychiatric+nursing+and+freud&ots=Ym1STYCXp3&sig=NoG1phnRHkfXl0IXylU3Sq5gsPs#v=onepage&q=psychiatric%20nursing%20and%20freud&f=false

Date of access: 28/2/2014

Videbeck, S.L. 2011. Psychiatric-mental health nursing. Lippinkot, Williams, & Wilkens. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=2rHoouxT514C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=freud&f=false

Date of access: 27/2/2014

Walden, D. & Poch, H. 1998. Psychoanalysis of dreams: Dream theory and its relationship to literature and popular culture: Freud, Billy Joel, Appelfeld, and Abe. Journal of popular culture, 32(1):113-120. Date of access: 26/2/2014