psychoanalysis a review of current literature

8/18/2019 Psychoanalysis a Review of Current Literature

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Psychoanalysis: A Review of Current LiteratureAuthors(s): J. S. Van Teslaar

Source: The American Journal of Psychology , Vol. 23, No. 2 (Apr., 1912), pp. 309-327Published by: University of Illinois Press

Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1412845

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2/20

PSYCHOANALYSS AREVEWOF CURRENT

LTERATURE

B yD rJ SV ANTE SLAAR

S FREUD DeHandungderTraumdeutung nderP ychoanaye

Zentralblatt f Psychoanalyse, II, 19II, 109-II3

n t h p ape rF reu dd c u e ome p on t n t h e te c hn qu e of d re am

an ay b e arn g on t h e q ue t on w hat p rac t c au e mayb e mad e of

t h e art of d re aman ay n t h e py c ho anay t c a t re a tme nt of n e uro e ?

t o rd n ar y u nd er t o od t ha t f o r c n c a p u rp o e t he a n a y o f

d ream mu t b e t h orou gh Th re qu re ag re at d e aof t me B e fore

onedreamha beenexamnedcompeteythepatentreturn wthother

dreamwhch appearofevengreaterdagnotc mportSoonthecon-

u t n gph y c an ov erw he me dby t he amoun t of mate ra on h and

re qu rn g an ay o t h at h e can h ardyd o u t c e t o t d u rn g t he h ou r

et a d e f orc on u t a t on Oc c aon ay d ream are p ro f c an d t he

patent undertandngof thencdent recordedtheren faterng

an d ow Th e ph y c an e f fort a t p en et rat n g t h e ou rce of t roub e

t hw ar te d o n a d e b y t he p a t en t u bc on c o u u n w n gn e t o

co6perate Meanwh edreammatera keepaccumuatng Under

u c h c rcumt anc e on e f e e n c n e d t ore nounc e a a t te mpt at t h or-

o u gh ne of an ay ore e c omp e e d t od e v ot e a t te n t on on y t o a

portonofthematera

F r eu d u g ge t t ha t n a u ch c a e t p re fe ra b e t o m t o ne

attentontowhatmatera maybedeat wthproperydurngthehour

eta deforconu tatonratherthanabandonthoroughne Where

an e w prom n gdream re porte d t aw ayw e t o t ake t u p e v en

f t h e anay of an od e rd ream n t errup t ed an dmu t b e p o t p one d

n d ef n t e y n o t he rw ord w h ere mate ra a c cumu ate of a t t h at

a c h o c e b ec ome n ec e ary t of ad van tag e t od ec d e n f avorof t h e

a te t d re amand t o e t a d e f n e ce ary ob e rv at on are adymad e

nconnectonwthan oderdream

On t h e ot h erh an d on e h ou d av odgv n g t o t he p a t e nt t h e mpre -

on th at an e w dre am e xpe ct e d or n an yw ay e e n t a f ort he

p rop erc on t nu at on of th e t ak of an ay Su ch an o t on mgh t e a y

f o cu t he p a t e nt u b con c ou oppo t on u p on th e f e d of d re am

memore andthefountan ourceofmaterawoud uddenyrundry

therewoudbenodream toreportOnthecontrarythepatent

h ou db e mad e t of ee t hat t mmat e raf ort h e p rog re of t h e

workwhetheranynewdreamarereportedornot

t w e t o b e ar n m n d t ha t n e ve re n eu ro e m o t d re am a r e

b u t u p on t h e wh oe p at hog en c mat era t h e de t a of w h c h are

un k now n to u b e ct an dph y c an a k e o t h at a c omp e t e anay of

u ch a d r ea m o ut o f t he q ue t o n t o n y a p h y c a n a n d pa t en t

getcoer togetherandwn eachother confdencethattherequred

gh t fromt he n t mat e f e h t ory of t h e a t t er t h row n upon t he

ncdentreveaed nthedreamWherethewhoecontentofacom-

p c a t e dn eu ro of on g t andn g t ran at ed n t o t he ymboc a



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310 VAN TESLAAR

anguageofa certandreaman exhaut ve nterpretatonof thedream

n o t p o b e a t on e ort w o t t n g or n t h e n t erv ab e t we en t an d

another perhap equay nteret ngdreamTo arrveata compete

undertandngof uchadreamwoud betounravethewhoe ofthe

ere ofpathogenccompexe whchtheexperenceofa fetmeha

g rad u ayp re c p t a te dn t o t h e u b c on c ou an d t h n o t p o b e

wthoutaknowedgeoftheactua ncdentof ntmateorderoutof

w h c h t he c omp ex e h av e t h u b e e n forme dA aru e t h e ex amn er

mu t re mov e ag rea t d e aof u b con c ou oppo t on f romh p ath

b e fore t h c an b e a cc omp h ed Th e mean n gof ad ream of te n

uncoveredrathergraduay perhap ony nthecoure ofmonth by

k e epn gn mn d t man f e a tu re w h e t h e p at e n t an ay p roc ee d

a on g o t h er n e

Wh en ap art y an ay zed d re am ab an d on e d f ora a t erre p ort t t e

o t b e c au e a aru e n e w dre am on yre pre e n t t he ame mat e ra

nadfferentandperhap morepenetrabeform Anewdreammay

t h row an e w an dh gh yw e c ome d e -gh t on t he ame mat e ra t h at

w a t u d ed n ap re c edn gd re am n d ee d omet me t h e be t w ay t o

un rav e t h e mean n gof ap art c u aryb af f n gd re am t o ab an d on t

pu rp o e y f ora t me f oow t h e c u e of n e w e rd re am an d c omp are

t h e f n dn gf romt me t o t me

Fre ud n t t h at f ort h erape u t c ord agno t c p u rp o e t n e ve r

n e ce ary t on t ru c t p at e n t t ow rt e d own t h e rd ream du rn g th e

nghtorevenattheear et opportuntyn themornngA dream

w h c h mayb e re c u e d fromobv on by t h me an n o t k e y t o

p rov e of an yp art c u arv au e n t h e t ak of c e arn gu p t h e p at e n t

c ond t on Nop e c a me an f ort ak n g c are of d re am are req u re d

Thedreamthepatentrememberandreate pontaneouy furnh

t h e mat era n e ed e d f ora p rac t c ap u rpo e

2 RUDOLFRETLER Ene nfanteSexuatheoreundhre Bezehung

zu rS e b t mordymbok Z e nt rab a t t f Py c h o an ay e 1911

14-121

R e t er d c u e t he r e a t on o f u c d a m pu e n t h e a do e c e nt t o

thenfante extheoryofFreudnconnectonwththereportofa

c n c a c a e w h c h c ame un de rh ob e rvat on - aw oman 42y e arof

ag e p re e n t ng a t h e mot p e r t e nt an d t rou b e ome ympt om f or

whch he oughtpychoanaytc treatmentneurotcenure exce-

v e onan m an d e xt reme e e p e n e

Th e f rt t rou b e w a o e v ere t h at on ac c oun t of t h e w aun ab e

totrave attendany ocetyfunctonor evenabentheref from

h ome f oran y e n gt h of t me H e ron an t c e x c e e w e re n o t a c com-

p an e d by t h e u u a e x ph an t a e o rn d e e d by any e x ua mage re

D u rn g act u a e x ua n t erc ou re h e re man e d f rgdTo n duc e

o rgam n h e re f on u c h o cc aon h e h ad t o con te mp ate n h e r

ph an tay a c e ne n w h c h aman n t h e p ro ce of u rn at ngp ay e d

t h e ch e f r6e S t ron gre a t on b e n g t h u e t ab h e db et we e n t h

ph an t ay orra t h er t h e a ct t p ort ray e d an d e x u a a t f a c t on t w a

p e rh ap og c a t h at t he w oman h ou d re ort t omat urb at on a a

mean ofovercomngherur narytroube

H e r e ep e n e w ae x t reme an d t he au t hor an ay w ad re ct e d

e p e c ay t o t ou t on b e cau e t w a t h e mot t rou b e ome of t he

p at e nt ympt om Th e p at e n t b e e v edh e re f e x t re me y e n t v e

t on o e A c cordn gy h e h adn t t u t e d a k n d of me au re f ort he

e x c u on of ound f romt h e n e ghb orh ood of h e r e e pngroomTh e

re d e n ce w a c h o e n on a d e t re e t e d omv t e dbywag on on an



4/20

CURRENT LITERATURE OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 3II

u ppe rf oorTh e room on e ach d e of h e r e e png c h amb e rreman ed

e mpt y an d e c u re y o c ke d u pTh e w n dow an dd oor t oh erroom

re man e d c o e d umme ran dw n te ran d a c rev c e an d c ra c k w e re

t opp e d u pH e avyp ort e re an d c u rtan c uh on an d c arp et w e re

d trbutedeverywhereButa theeextremeprecauton todeaden

o u nd p r ov ed u e e a h e co nt n ue d to p a e ep e n g ht T h

c ond t on of e x t re me e e p e n e h ad a t e d f ormanyy e arp re ce dn g

treatment

Underp ychoanaytca nqury twa oonfoundthatnottheactua

p e rc e pt on bu t t he f e arof n o e w a w hat k e pt h e r e e p e t h rou gh

thenght Undertheextremeprecauton hehadtakenhecoud

havenotbeend turbedbytheactua occurrenceofound What

reay keptherawakewa thethoughtthatno e mayoccurandpre-

v e nt h e rf romgon g t o e ep Smp e a t h f act t h e pa t e nt a t

fr tcoud notbe nducedto eethedfferencebetweenactuano e

an d t he un p e a an t ant c p a t on of t H e rman f e t un w n gne t o

re cogn ze th d f f ere nc e p on te d t h u c e ary t o a u b con c ou oppo -

t on ag an t t h e d c ove ry of t he gu t yp y c h c c omp e xw h c h ayun -

d oub t edyh dd e n n t h d re ct on Th w aon y t ob e e xp e ct e d and

e rve d on y a a gn t hat t h e n qu ryw aap p roa c h ng t h e ou rc e of

t rou b e P a t e n t aw ay h ow opp o t on at u c h c rt c a t me Th e r

me moryf a t h emort h e run d ert an dn g e e mt ob e e rvn g t he m

pooryThewomanhadbeenunderpychoanaytca treatmentong

enoughtoundertandthegudng prncpe ofth methodandwa

w e aw are a t t h e t me t hat f h e a c kn ow edg ed t h at n ot t h e n o e b u t

thefearoft keptherawakethenext tepwoudbeto traceth fear

b a c k t o ome un fu f e dw h of av e ryn t mat e ord e rNatu ray

enoughpatent trveagan tbengconfrontedwth thoe nnermot

f e at u re of t h e rpy c h c me ch an mw h c h are n c ompat b e w t h t h e

ethcaand oca tandard formngtheframeworkofordnarycon-

c ou a c t v t y

Atth ponttheauthoru pectedthattheremayhavebeena tme

perhap durngherch dhoodwhenthepatentchoeto ayawake

n g ht n o r de r to t en t o o m e m y te r ou o r p e a u ra b e o u nd o f

ome k n dL at eron un de rt h e re t ran t of a c on c oun e d omn at e d

by t h e u u ae t h c o - o c a d e a of c ondu ct w t h w h c h c h d re n b ec ome

mbuedhemay havewantedtoturnawayfromth hamefu thng

bu t t he u ppre on of t he e f fe c t w aon yp art y u c ce f u e v e n f t h e

actuaoccurrencewa competeyrootedoutfromconcou memory

Th e acc omp anyn g af fe c t n c omp et e y re p re e dman f e t t e f n ow

un de ramorbdf orma f e ar A t f rt t h e pa t e nt d e n e d e ve ryn t ma-

t on aon g t h n e Ak e dp on t edyw h e th e rh e h ad e v erw t n e e d

t he e x ua a c t amon gh erp aren t a a c h d h e ddn o t f y at on c e n t o

ad e f en v e a t t tu d e a u b e ct of te n d of org et f u of t h e maxm qu

e x cu e a c cu e n t e adh e c ou ch e dhe rd e n a n t e mp e ra t e w e

ordered anguagewthoutundueprotetatonand wthoutrecoure to

og c a argume n t top rove t h e mpo b t y of u c h an o c cu rren c e

n h ort h e ddn o t p ro te t t o omu c h Th e man n erof h e rd e n a

w a u c h t hat t h ere w an ore aon t o u p e c t th e u u a op po t on w h c h

n e uro t c f n gu b c on c ouy ac ro t h e ex amn er ro adw h e ne v erh

n qu re ap pro a ch e n t v e g round t w a c e art hat t h e pa t e n t had

rea yn o t w t n e e d t h e e x u a a c t amon gh e rp are nt a u u a y

u nd er t o od W h at h e d d e e w h e a c h d h e co u d n ot t e a t e a t

herememberednothngoft atthetme butth cametothe urface

u t e n c d en t ay at er

Authorandpatentwereconverngabout ucde onedayShecon-



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312 VAN TESLAAR

f e e dh avn g at on e t me c ont emp at ed t h ac t h e n t e nd e d tou e f or

t he p u rpo e h e rf a t he r armyre v ov erb e c au e h e t a t ed t ym-

b o ze dmore c o e y t h an an y oth e rmean of e f -de t ru ct on h e

mgh t h av e c h o e n h erre t urn n t oh e rf a th e rarm a o t h e man on

w hoe a c c oun t h e w a e n te rtan n g t h ough t of u c d e w a an army

of f ce r k e h erf a t he ran d t h mayh av e h ad ome th n g t od ow t h

herchoceThatthepatentwa awareoftheymbo cmeanngof

t he p t o n F re ud an t e rm at t h e t me of t h c onv e ra t on b e came

e vd en t by are mark h e h admad e n t h e c oure of h e r t oryB u t h e r

u c d a ph an t a e c e nt e re dmu ch more p er t e nt y around umn at-

n gg a Sh e k e d t op c t u re h e re f c ommt t n gu c d e by t h row ng

t h e g a e t w d e op en Mu c h t o t he au t hor u rpr e n re a t n g t h

ph an t ay t h e p at e nt ad p art c u art re u p on t h e n o e of t h e e c ap -

n gg a a t h ough at t he t me h e mu t h av e b ee n e q uay aw are of t h e

ymboc me an n gof t h e g a p p e runn n gh orzont ay f romt h e w a

overherdre ngtabe Quetonedaboutth thepatentretorted

n ot w t h out a gn f c ant h ow of fe e n g t hat t w at h e e c apn gg a

an dn ot t h e pp e w h c h c au e d d e a th Th w an o t a t f a c t ory t o

Reter Heremarkedthattheba andnottherevovercaue death

y e t n re a t n g t h at t o ry h e h ad ad a t re on t h e rev ov e r

H e un de rto ok t o e xp an t h e ymbom of e c apn gg a n F re ud an

termand beforehewa throughtherecametothepatent mnda

chdhoodrecoecton whchhade capedhermemory ocompetey

thathehad notthoughtofthe ncdentn quetonevenonce nthe

thrty-fveyear ncet happened

S h e w a ab ou t x or e v en y e arof ag e a t t h e t me On e morn n g

hewanderedat averyeary hourntoherparent bedroomandfound

them eepngtogetherThe owerpartofherfather bodywa ex-

poednakedMuchfrghtenedhereturnedtoherroom co ngthe

doorbehndher oquety thatherparent knewnothngof thenc-

d e nt Sh e t re d t of a a e e p b ut c ou dn o t n t ead h e w at h n k n g

p e r t e nt y of w h at h e h ad u t e e n and a o of t h e n o e of e c apn g

n te t n a g a h e ome t me h e ard f romt h at ro omA h e ay aw ake

refectngontheematter heconnectedthetwoandgradua ybu t

upa whoetheoryaboutthemannern whch"parentcarryoutthat

ab ou t w h c h t n o t th e c h d re n bu n e t ok n ow an y th n g "Sh e

thoughtofanappo tonoftheg utearegon betweenparent nbed

andanexchangeofga e betweenthema conttutngthe exuaact

Th n fan t e e x t he oryh adb e en c omp e te y f org ot t en n at er

year tony appeared"affektdetermnerend"nthepatent ucda

p h ant a e n w h c h t he ou t ruh n gg a re pre e n te dymboc a y ac -

c o rdn g to t h e w rt er t he n o e of t h e n t e t n ag a e h eard by t he c h d

nherparent bedroom

F u rth e ranay d c o e d a n umbe rof o th e rphan ta e an dym-

b o c re a t on around t h e t he me "ga w n d t orm=fe c un d at on "F or

n t anc e a ay ounggr h e w h e d f orh e re f n o t a "d e e p and t ru e"

b u t a " t o rmy" ov e On ce on a t ormyn gh t h e e x p ere n c ed an

unaccountabe mpue togo ntothetreetandwanderaboutwthher

c o t he o o e n ed u p ab out h e ro a t o e x po e h e rb ody t o t he f u ry of

t h e t ormSh e w ou d t h u c a t c h c od an dd e of pn eumon a- an

ero t c ph an t aymak e dund e rau c d a mpu e n f ac t t o rmy

weatheraway broughtherenoyment"ap eaurabefee ngakn to

e x u ad e gh t "

Perhap themotremarkabefeatureaboutthecae thefactthat

a o on at h n f an t e e x ph an t ayh adb ee n t hu b rou ght t o u r-

f ac e an d t r6e n t h e p at en t c ond t on e x p an e d t oh er h e w a



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CURRENT LITERATURE OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 313

c omp e t e y re e v e d of h er e ep e n e Sh e remove d t h e un u u ap re -

c aut on ag an t n o e aroun dh e rrooman df ort h e f rt t me n many

y ea r h e wa a b e t o e e p S h e wa e ve n ab e f or t h e f r t t m e n

twentyyear ormore torenouncetheue ofantphone andear

topper andheavybandage aroundherhead Theother ymptom

a o howeda notceabemprovement Therecoveryof eepper-

tedthroughthentervabetweenthe outonof thetroubeandthe

p u b c a t on of t he re p ort a p e rod of abou t t en mon th Th e b e e f

eemed ut fedthattherecoverywa permanent

Theauthorquotenumerou referencefromcomparatvereg on

an d f ok ore t oh ow t h at af te ra t h e pa t e n t p e c u ar n f an t e e x

ph an t ayn w h c h ar g a orw n dp ay u c h ap red omn an t r61e

n o t v eryun u u a n h e rc h d h ph ant ay t h e p at en t h ad bu t u p a

theoryoffecundatontheparae ofwhch notuncommonn fok-

ore andmyt hoogyE v e n C hr t an t y n o t f re e of u c h ph an t a e

Th e bb e me n t on t h e app e aranc e of t he h oy p rt ymbo of f e r-

t t y n o t on yund e rt he od ph ac f ormof t on gu e of f ame bu t a o

accompanedby tormorwnd Thereatonbetweenthefrt breath

an d f e t o o obv ou n o t t oh av e b ee n e ze d u pon by t h e prmt v e

mn d t f u rn h e arc h t h e me of ph ant ay an d c on ec t ure n f ok -

orebothancentandmodernAccordngtoa Brahmnbe efPra-

ap at an mat e dman w t h h ow erb re a th w h e h u ppe rb rea t h g av e

f e t o th e d e t e n E du ard F u ch u t re rt e S t te n ge c h c h te u pp

v o p 289 mayb e e e n are p rod uc t on of t he p orta of S t M ary

C h urc h at Wrzburg an d ove rt w b e n o te d ab a -re e f re p re e nt n g

"M ary C onc e pt on " t h ow Godh me f n t h e r61e of f a th e rh od -

ngbetweenh p "enenangenSchauch"theotherendof whch

reache downtoearthandenter thebodyofMary ntheFnn h

p c Kae v a a t h e v rgn mator re pre e n te d a b e comn g amot he r

throughtheagencyofthewnd Suchnotonare common nthe

fokore ofmanypeope

3 B DATTNER Eine psychoanalytische Studie an einem Stotterer

Z e nt rab a tt f Py c h oan ay e 91118-26

EmbodenedbySteke uggetonthatanxetyneuroe frequenty

man f e t t he me v e un de rb zarre an dun u u af orm t he au t horof

th communcatonapp edthepychoanaytca methodoftreatment

t o a c a e of t amme rn gw h ch h ad re t ed a o t he rme th od of t re at -

me nt Th e u c ce w a orap d a t o ap pe art ruymarv e ouA t h ou gh

t he c a e h ad b e e n of man yy ear t andn g on y xd ay of an ay t c a

treatmentwereuffcentto accomp ha cureafteryear of peca

treatmentbyothermethod hadfa edcompetey

Th e p at e n t w at h rt y -xy e arof ag e a t t h e t me of t h e anay

H e t hou gh t h c ond t on w a du e t oh b e n gf rght e ne dby aarg e

d ogw he n h e w aab ou t e ght y e arof ag e H moth era t t rb ut edh

condtontod phtherafromwhch hehad ufferedoneyearater The

p roc e of an ay w ab e gun w t hou t anyun ne c e ary o of t me

andproceededrapdy a theauthorenoyedthepatent compete

confdencefromtheverybegnnng Wthoutth thereut woud

p rob abyn ot hav e b ee n q u t e op romp t A oon at h e p an of t re at -

mentwaout nedthepatentpungedntothemo tconfdenta fea-

t ur e o f h p er o n a f e h t o ry b eg n n ng w t h h e ar e t r ec o e c-

t on A t xy e arof ag e h e h ad are adyb e en ad d c te d t omat u rb a -

t o n a nd h e h ad a t te mp te d co t u - k e r e a t on w t h h t er a t t e

g r of f ourS o on af te rwardh t e rd e d t p rodu c ed ap an f u

mpre on u p on h m an d e ve raf te rt h e rec o e c t on of h d e ed



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3I4 VAN TESLAAR

b rou ght h mman yre more f u p an g H e w av e ryp ou y e t he dd

n o t d are c onf e t o an yon e h t rou b e an d t h aggrava t edh me nt a

condton Thoughnooneknewh ecret hefearedthat omeday

h e w ou db e f oun d out an d t h w ou dmean e v era t n g c orn an d run

Th e memory of h n e farou ac t t re tc h ed k e are d t rn g t h rough a

t h e maze of h f e e xp e re nc e

H ere are af e w e xamp e of h p e ec h t rou b e n re adngg e n de r

t e rm d e randd e b e came du e p e c a yw h en h e f a e d t o c on ce n tra te

h mn dup on th e t ak n h and h mbe came h n an d h rn e ary a -

w ay c h Th e p at e nt re c a e dh avn ghad t h e ame df f c u t ydu rng

h c h oo p e rodH t rou b e e v d e nt yb e g an w t h t h e p ron unc a t on

ofpartce of peechdenotnggender Heconfeedthatpartc e

k e d eran dd e re mn d edh m of h e arym de ed an dw h e ne v er

theyoccurredn thecoureofh peechhefateredand tammered

Graduaythed ffcuty preadtomanyotherword denotnggender

un t t h e re w aq u t e a c on t e a t on of t h e mTh ug e n de r-b e arn g

n oun b e came ao t h e b earer of t he e c re t of h ou an dw t n e e

o f h gu t E v eryw ordd e n ot n g e x c au e dh m t of at eran d t am-

m er n h p ee ch A t h w a e x p a ne d t o h m n F r eu d an t er m

an dh c on c e nc e w aa u age d an d f re e d of th e b u rd e n of e f -

reproachThere utwa thatthepeechdffcuty cearedprompty

Th e w ord an t o e n d ao p re e nt e d d f f c u tyTh e p at e n t n v araby

re ad t h w ord an g e t o e n Qu e t one d ab ou t t h h e d e c are d " er

h at t e d e Empf n dun gm L e be n b e ra an ge t o e n zu e n "Wt h

t h e x p an at on and t h e aut h or re au rn g c oun e t h t rou b e a o

d appeared

U n d ert h e c rc umt an ce t w a on yn atu ra t o u rme t h at a

m arpathogenc memory-compexwa atworkbehndeveryother

wordwhoe readngorpronuncatonpreentedmarkedd ffcuty

Conequentyeach mportanttroubeomewordwa takenupn turn

t f ree a o c a t on an d t he me moryp c t u re t e v oke dw ere an ay ze d

a m n ut e y a p o b e H e r e a n ex am p e O t e rf e er ta ge T h e

p at e nt w a ab e t op ronounc e t h w ord on y af t er e v erau n u c c e -

fuattempt Akedaboutthememore whchthewordbroughtto

h mn d t he p at e nt re c a e d f ort h e f rt t me n ce h e h adg row n up

ap an f u c e ne w h c h h e h adw t n e e d a af ou r-y ear- od b oy on

E at e rd ayH e aw h f ath erb ru ta y at t ac k n gh moth erf orh av-

n gd are d t od ob eyh orde rn o t t oh av e any t h ng t od ow t h h e r

t e rw hoh adgv e n b rt h t o an e g t mate c h d H e aw h me f

k n ee n g at t h e f e et of h d e aryb e ov e dmot h erw h e h f ath e rw a

h e apn g ab u e u p on he ran dh e e x pe re n ce d on ce more amot n t

orgn a n t en t y t h e h atre d of h f ath e rw h ch t h at pan f u c e ne

h ad orgn ay e v ok e dH e c ou d t re ca t h e un p eak ab e e p t h e t

an dn u t a t h ough more t h an t h rt yy ear h ad e ap e d an dh e h ad

neverthoughtofthe adoccurrencen themeantmeThedramatc

ntentyof the tuatonwa heghtenedbythefactthathewa very

mu ch at t ac h ed t oh aunt an af fe c t on w h c h w an o t w t h out t e x

e e men t ac co rdn g t o th e p a t en t ow n p on tan eou av ow aA o

throughouth fethepatentwa extremeydevotedtoh mother

w h e t ow ardh f ath erh e f e t an e q u ay t ron gre pu on

An umbe rof o t he rc onf e on f o ow p e rt an n gmot y t o t h e

p a t e nt n ume rou ov e aff ar an dh n t mate e x e x pe re nc e S ome

ofh amorouadventure werecarredoutundercrcumtance

w h c h w e gh e dh eavy on h c on c e nc e a t e rH e w orred ov e rt he m

f e t h e h ad d on e w ron g and b e n g of are g ou d p o t on h e f e are d

t h at p un h me nt n ome f ormw oudre ac h h m oone rora t e r



8/20


Theengthyconfe on overtheauthorexpanedpont bypontthe

re a t on of t he v aroume more re c a e d t o t h e p a t en t ympt oman d

appeaedh concencewthproperrea urance Afteroneweekof

t h t rea t me n t a h a a re adyb e en t a te d t h e p e ec h t rou b e w a ov er-

comecompetey

4. N. VASCHIDE. Le sommeil et les raves. Paris, I9II, 305 pages.

The au t horof t h w ork h adpu bh e d at v arou n t erv a n c e

1898an umbe rof p ap e ron e e p and on d re am Af te rh d e at h n

1909h paperweregatheredtogether andtheyformthepreent

v oume n t h e B b o t he q ue d e a ph ooph e c on t emporan e

Th e e p ape rf a n t o t hre e g rou p Th e f rt g rou pd ea w t h t h e

u b e ct of e e p p rop er an d out n e t h e varou h ypo t he e w h c h h av e

beenpropoednotaby thecrcuatoryneuro-dynamc bochemca

t ox c andb o og c a t h e ore Th e py c ho -ph y o ogy of e e p and t h e

r6e of a t t e nt on are a o c on d e re d b ref y Th e e c ondgroup a o

h t orc a an d e x po t ory d e a w t h d ream an d e p e c ayw t h t h e

expermenta de oftheprobem Herearerecordedthewe-known

t h e ore of M au ryM arqu dH e rv e yd e S t D en M ouryV od an d

F reu d a w e a t h e p art c u art ec h n qu e of n qu ryu p on w h c h t h e e

theore arebaed Theauthor ownobervaton andtechnqueare

v e n n t h e t h rdp art n t ere t n g a t he y are mot of t h e e ob e rv a -

t on are n ot e mprc ay e t ab h e dWh en w e are t od f or n t an ce

thatadetermnatontoawakenatacertanhourd turb eepand

u u ay e ad t o on e aw ak n g e are rt h an t he e t t me w e mu t re g ard

t a an e mprc a t a te men t a t h ou gh t h e aut h ord o e ad d t h at d urn g

a e e p f romw h c h w e w h t o aw ak e n at a c ert an t me t h ere an

ac ce e ra t on of t h e c ard ac b e at We are a o t od t h at d reamare

ghterandmore ogca durngdaytme thanatnght thatthetruc-

t u re of ad re am re a t ed t o t h e d ep t h of t he e e p bu t t he e are w e -

knownfact

Thecommony acceptedbeefthat thoughtf yfa terdurng eep

d oub t ed byV ac h d e H e c a m t oh ave f ound t h at ab re f p erod

of amne ao c c ur mmed at e y u p on aw ake n n g t o c cu p e an n t e rva

of on e- t en t h of a e c on d t o t woort h ree mn u t e Th d c ove ry

h ou dp rov e of h gh e t mportan ce n t h e t u dy of d re am f t c an b e

u b t ant a t edTh e re c o e c t on of ad reamw t h n ad re am ac rb e d

t o au tou gg e t on Th e v oume c on t an n oo t h er u gge t on t rk -

n gyn ove ororgn a E v en t h e n ot on of ab re f amn e ab e t w ee n

t h e e e pn g an d t he w ak n g t a t e n o t n ew V a c h d e me rt n t

c on ne c t on c on t n f u rn h n g apparen t y c e n t f c e v d e nc e or

an c t on f ort h odb e e f

Th e c on p rac y of e n ce w h c h ac cordn g t o t he p a n t of h

pu p u rround e d F re u dTraumd e ut ung c e rt an y at an e n d

Fre ud w ork gv e n ap romne n t p ace n t h v oume V ac h d e rank

t w t h t h e work of M au ry a t h e mot y t emat c an d t horou gh n -

q u ryn t o t h e reamof d re am V ac h d e mak e a g rea t d e amore of

M aury t h eore t h an t h e f ac t w arran t Th mayb e e a y e x p an e d

a an n t anc e of F ren c h b a p e rh ap b rough t abou t og c ay e n ou gh

t h rou gh V ac h d e g rea t erf am art yw t h t h e t e ra tu re of h

adoptedcountryMaurydd notformuateanythng keacompete

f u nd ame n ta t h eory of d re am u c h aF re u d H c h e f mert e

na numberof keenconervaton buttheyarefarfromformnga

competey temWe earnfromMauryfor ntancethato factory

d reamh au c n at on are e p e c a y c ommon n t h e p rodroma t age

f p y c ho e N ot h ng m o re a d a b ou t th m at te r A m a r



9/20

316 VAN TESLAAR

ob e rvat on byF reu dn ame y t h at t h e of ac t ory e n e abnorma y

d e ve op ed n n e u ro t c n h B e mn erk un g en zu e n e mF a v on Zwan g -

n e uro e e x p an edby re f ere nc e t o aw e -ord ere dy t e mof py -

c h oog c an o t on

D ame trc ay oppo e d t oM au ry p o t on t h at d re am are t he p ro -

d u c t of py c h c au tomat m t and M arq u d e S t D e n an ot h er

F ren c h wrt e rof w h omV ac h d e d p o e d t o t h n k v eryh gh y

Th e ome wh at e cc e nt rc w ork by S t D e n e n t t ed "D re am an dH ow

t oC ont roTh e m"e mbod e ome v eryn g e n ou ob e rv at on bu t un-

f ort unat e y t he rv au e c on d e raby e e n edby t h e c rc umt an ce

underwhch theobervaton weremadeTheauthorwa ntereted

nfnd ngamethodofcontro ngdream Theobectvtyand accur-

a c y of h ob e rv at on mu t h av e u f f ere dn c on e q ue n ce V ac h d e

convncedthatwecannoto mucha contro thehourofawakng

w t h ou t n t e rf ern gw t h t h e c oure of d re am an dn a w ork k e t hat

ofSt Den undertakenwth theavowedpurpoe offndng amethod

of c ont ro n gd ream t w ou db e d f f c u t t o ov e re t mat e t he n f u e n ce

o f u gg e t on

B u t "D re am an dH ow t oC on troTh e m" n o t w t hou t t me rt

t o ne o f t he f r t w o r k c on ce v ed n a c e nt f c p r t w h c h t a rt

wththeprem ethatthere methodandmeanngtoeverydream no

matterhowcompcatedand thatweoughttobendoureffort to

un de rt andd re am a ap e c u ary u t ab e me an of g e tt n g at t h e

w ork n g of t h e human ou n f ac t t au th orw en t o f ara t o

man t an t hat t h e tru e c harac t erof p e ron e p e c ay of w ome n may

bepercevedmorecorrectythroughtheundertandngof dreamthan

t h rou gh ak n ow e dg e of t h e rc on c ou ac t v t yWh e S t D e n h a

framedno uchfundamenta concepton a FreudTraumdeutungthe

me rt of h avng an t c p a te d ome of t mport an t c onc u on b e on g

t oh m

Norevewofa workondreamwoud becompetenowaday wthout

areferencetotheauthor atttudetoward Freud theore Va-

ch d e a c cou nt of t h em ympat he t c o f ara t g o e S t ran ge t o

ay n t h ac count t h e e x u af a c to r h ardyg v e n th e mport t

b e ar n t h e orgn at h e oryAdre amof E rne t Re n an d at n gf rom

t he e ary x t e re c u ed f romt he f orgo t te n p age of t e ra t ure an d

pychoanayzedbut ncompeteyTheauthorregretthatFreud

Traumdeutung notbetterknownnFrance

5 JOHN MOURLY VOLD Ueber den Traum Experimental-psycholo-

g cheUnteruchungen Heraugegebenvon0 Kemm Lepzg

Barth1910 435page

We are w t ne n g an amot un p rec e de nt e d rev v a of n t e re t n t h e

ubectofdream udgngbythenumberofbook thathaveappeared

re ce n t y on t he u b e ct C e rt an yn ot n c e t he e ary x t e h ave t h e re

b e en pu b h e d oman yw ork on t he u b e ct a t an y on e t me Tru e

mot of t h e e w ork c on t c h e f y of h t orc a a c cou nt of t h e p rob -

emt h e y f u rn h e x c e e n t ge n era u rve y an d ad d t t e t h at t rk -

ngynewtoourknowedgebuttherearea fewnotabe excepton

e p e c ay amon g t h e book d e an gw t h t h e e x pe rme nt a d e of t he

p rob e mAmong t h e a t t er M ouryV od w ork d e e rv e t ob e n g e d

ou t a p e rh ap t h e mot t h orou gh an dp an t ak n g t b ae d on p e r-

onaob ervatoncarred outbytheauthorovera ongperodof

y e ar a o on t h e ob e rvat on of a n umbe rof t u d en t un d e rh

d re ct on an d t h e w ork af are x amp e of c e n t f c p e re v e ran ce

Thereu t obtanedbytheauthormaybe adudgedrather cantwhen



10/20


contratedw ththeamountofabortheyhavecot butth onyadd

t o t h e me rt of t h e au t horw h oh ac h o e n u c h at h an k e f e d f or

h c e nt f c a b o r

A re v e w u c h a t h w ork d e e rv e w ou db e ou t of p ac e h ere

on y af e w pon t of p e c a n t ere t f romt he F re ud an t andp on t of

d re am a n a y w b e no te d

V od f oun d t hat n d ream f ac ah a u c n at on mayb e due t o

e n ory t mu at on of o t h erb ody re g on u t a n t h e w ak n g t a te

Anycutaneou-motort muaton nomatteronwhatportonofthe

b ody t mayb e o c a t ed maygv e r e t of a c ah a u c n at on Th e e

h au c n at on are more f re q ue n t y c au e d by u c h p erph era t mu a-

t on t h an by e x c t at on of f ac are g on d re ct y n o t he rw ord

t mu n v ovn gd re ct y t h e re t n aoro cu armu c e oro t he rp ort on

of t h e o cu arap p ara tu p ay on y a e con dary ro e n t he py c h o -

g e ne of f ac ah a u c n at on B e tw e en t h e f ac a h au c n at on n

etherdreamor thewakng tateandthefaca andotherhaucna-

t on of py c h op ath c t a te t h ere e x t a c co rdn g t o t h Norw e g an

w rt er av e ry c o e p y c hog en e t c re a t on h pF re u d an w h oh av e

beencrtczed evereybecaueofther tendencytoappythep ychc

me c han m re ve a e dn morbd t a te t o t h e anay of n ormap y c h c

a ct v t y w w e co me t h v e w a m p y ng a v n d c at o n o f th e r

p o t o n

n o t he rof V od c onc u on w h c h w b e g ree t edw t h a g rea t

d e aof a t f a c t on by t he pu p of F reu d t h at c on ce rn ng t h e orgn

of d reamh au c n at on H e f n d t h at t he e are f re qu e nt ybu t

aroundch dhoodmemore Fortheexpanatonofha ucnaton

du rn gw h ch ob e c t are e e n movn gp a v e y t h rou gh p ace V od

aume a p e c ap y c ho -mot or t a te ag e n era ze d f e e n g ak n t o

e x ua e x c ta t on Th p art c u ary t ru e of t he t a te a c c omp an yn g

t h e v on of t h n g w ayng n p ace an d of d ream n w h c h on e f n d

on e e f f o a t n g aon gmoot h y orf yn g t h rou gh ar S e xu ae x c t a -

t on man f e t t e f n d re am an dh au c n at on t h rou gh ap e c u ar

t at e of mu c u art one t gv e af e e n g of t ren g th of mu c u ar

v g oran d of g en eraw e -b e n gn ot e a y d e c rb e dTh t h e rea -

onwhy uchdreamaremo tcommondurngpuberty Theyare

oftenencountereda odurng convae cencefromd eaew ththe

returnofthepatent trengthandvta tyThepa ntng repreent-

n g a n t n a t at e of e c t ac y a n d ma ny o f t he o -c a e d p r t t c

phenomenabeongtoth categoryW tcheandcharmerwho are

re p re en t ed a rdn g t h rough p ac e e t c are h y t erc a u b e ct w t h

t ron g e x u a e an ng

6 L LOEWENFELD U e b erd e S e xu at a t mKn d e a t e rS e x u a -

Probleme, VII, 1911 444-454 516-534

L o ew e nf e dw a amon g t he f r t w rt e rt o op p o e F re ud n t h e

mdd e of t h e n n e t e U n k e o t he r h e ddn o t a t ta c k py c ho ana -

y t c av e w n ap re u d c e d p r t b u t on t he b a of c oun t er-proof

an dw t h c e n t f c argume n t Th make h man h on orab e op pon en t

and re n de rh v e w p art c u ary n t ere t n g

Th e p re e n t c on t rbut on ab re f d c u on of F reu d t h eory of

nfante exuatya deveoped ntheDre AbhandungenzurSexua-

t h eore H e w on de rh ow F re ud c on ce v e d t hat d aL u d e n aw ay

an o c ca on f ore x u ae x c t at on n c h d re n ort hat on an m aun -

v e ra t ra t of n f an c yA c cordn g t oh ob e rvat on u p on c h d re n

t h n o t t he c a e n orare po u t on- k e e xc t a t on a c ommon

among c h d re n a man t ane dbyF reu d c h oo



11/20

18 VANTESLAAR

Concernngthenc natonofch drentouncoverthemeve Loewen-

fed s t a te s that t s b y nomea ns a unv er s a t r a tno rne ed ths t en-

d e nc y of c h d re n b e n t erp re t ed n t h e ame e n e a t h e more g -

nificant forms of exhibitionism Why would it not be more simple

andequay at factoryto ookuponthetendencyofchdrento un-

coverthemsevesasdues mpyto thepeasurabefee ngwhch free-

d omf romc umbe rome cov ern g n atu raygv e ? n t h e ame w ay

therexpoure ntnctmay beexpanedw thoutrecoureto any

f anc f u t h e ory a d u e t o t he c h d re n n atu ra e arn n gn t n c t and

g rea t c u ro t y Th e e t ra t are u n v e ra e n ou gh o t h at t w ou d

notbefar-fetchedtoa crbetothemthetendence whcharecharac-

t e rt c of c h dh oodn t e ad of h avn grec oure t ov e ry e ab ora t e

hypothee Chdrenarenatura ycurou abouteverythngthat

c ome w t h n t h e re ac h of t he r e n e Wh at more nat ura t h an

t h at t h ey h ou d e xt e nd t h e ame c u ro t y t o c ert an re g on of t h e r

b ody? E v e n ac ert an d e gre e of e xh b t on m w oudb e adm b e

on t h c ore an dw ou dn o t n e ce ary mpy e ro t c t en d en c e

A t o f e ar t b y no m e an c er ta n t h at t t an d n u c h c o e

re a t on h p t o e x uat y a F reu dw ou dh av e u b e e v e n f an t e

fearmaybeony thenatura conequenceof gnorancetherea za-

t on of c omp e te h e p e n e n t h e p re e n c e of th e un u u aF re u d

a umethattheerogenoucharacteroftheexcretoryzone ofthe

ody re a z e d e arydu rng n f an t e f e b u t L o ew en f e dd en e

t h at t h f req u en t y t h e c a e A c c ordn g t o t he a t te r e x pe re n ce

wthch drentheerogenoucharacterofthee zonemay notbecome

man fe t e ar e rt h an t h e c h oo ag e an d e v e n th e n t h e e x u a aw ak-

enng mayproceedwthoutanyoftheportentou conequence de-

crbedbyFreud

Th e n f an t e "An ae rot k "w h c h ac c ordn g t o S adg e r t h e mot

c ommon f ormof e x u at y n c h dh ood ooke d u p on w t h e x t re me

c e pt c mby t h e w rt er

7 P NACKE Ueber tardive Homosexualitait Sexual-Probleme, VII,

1911 612-634

Underbeatedhomo exuatytheauthorconcevethehomoexua

t e n de n c e w h c h app eara t e n f e n p e ron w hoh av e f rt e x p e r-

encedhetero-exuaty orb- exuatyw ththehetero-exua compo-

nentpredom nant

Th e aut h ort h n k t h at g e nun e c a e of t h k n d are rare Th e u b -

e c t b e on g t o t he g roup of b e x ua H omoe x u at y c ann o t b e

arou e d t h rou gh mprop e ra o c a t on e wd ugge t on of c orru pt

c omp an on k e o t he rv c e h omoe x u a are b orn t h ough t h e tra t

may app e aron y at e Th ere n ou c h t h n g a a c qu re dh omoe x -

u a t y M o t c a e w h ch m a n fe t t h em e v e a te n f e a re n t an ce

of p e u d o-h omoe x ua t yTru e h omoe xu at y b re ak ou t e ary Th e

b e t gu d e t o ad f f e ren t a t on b et w ee n t he t w of orm f u rn h e dby

th e u b e c t d ream f e

Th e e are n b re f t h e au th or v e w on t he u b e ct Th e c a e w h c h

f u rn h e t h opportun t y of d c u n g t he m on e of n f an t e re p re -

on n F re ud an t e rmnoogyOf c ou re t h e u b e c t w ab - e x ua

t h e anay t c a c h oo of py c h oogy re c ogn ze n o a t e rn at v e t o ok

u p on mon o- e x u at y a amy t h Wt h t h e aut h or v e w t h at h omo-

e x u a t y d o e n o t n e ce ary mpyd e ge n era t on F reu d an w agre e

buttheyw probaby refuetoacceptthenewtermwhchN ckentro-

d u ce AWhat t h ere re ay t od t n guh h b e a te dh omoe xu at y

fromtheordnaryform?Thetmeofoutbreakofahomoexua trat



12/20


doenotcreatea newtypeEventhetermpeudo-homoexuaty

of d oub t fu c n c av au e M ore ove r t n t rod uc t on w eak en t h e

au th orv e w c on c ern n g t he py c h oge n e of t h e e e x u at ra t b e -

c au e t mp e a e rou c on t rad c t on Not h ng c an b e g an edby

m ak n g u c h ha r - p t t n g c n c a d t n ct o n

8 AJ STORFER Zu rS on d ert e u n gd e V ate rmorde E n e re ch t -

gechchtcheundv6 kerpychoogcheStude Schrftenzur

angewandtenSeeenkundeNo 12 191134 page

S t orf er t u dy of p at rc d e an ap p c a t on t o o c a py c h oogy of

ome of t h e f und ame n ta py c h oan ay t ca p rn c p e t t art w t h a

brefh torca accountofthedeveopmentofthenotonofcrme a a

o c a c onc e pt Th e au t hor t andp ont t hat h ung e rand ov e h av e

b e en t h e t wodyn amc ag e nc e w h c h h av e h ap e d a a o c a t on b e -

t w e en me n f romt h e e ar e t h un t n ggrou p on n c u dn g a f amy

t e Th e e nd e av ort o a t f y t he p rma n t n c t a t h orough y a p o -

berequreda certan economyofacton andth ntroducedtheprn-

c p e of p e rona a c rf c e f ort h e g rea t erg ood of a Th e p a n g of

thetagewhch maybedecr beda havngbeencharacterzedbythe

h omoh omn upu ru e of a c t on ov er n t o a c ond t on n w h c h man

earnedtoact a aCWoo rOAXtZrKybroughtaboutacertan mtaton

of p e rona f ree d omTh e mae t y of e f w a c oun t erb a anc e d by

t h at of t h e amgh t e rw e A t h e varou p rn c p e of u t t yh ap e d

t h eme v e t h e o c a re qu re men t p re d omn at ed an d act e d a a af e-

g u ard agan t t h e more c rc umc rb e d e f h mot v e of t h e n dvdu a

a u c h An yd ee dw h c h w ad e e me dby t he maort y of t h e g rou p

c on c ou y oro t h erw e a d e trme n ta b e came un oc a an dw a

b ran d edw t h ome d t n c t ve t e rmd en o t ngd ap prova rre p ec -

t ve of n dv du are g ard orn t e re t We h ave n o t a y e t rea z e dn

ra c t c e an d e a c on ce p t of crme b ae d on t h e b road e t o c a gn f -

c anc e of t he t e rmTh re man t ob e a c comp h e dby an ord e rof

o c e ty t ow h c h t rue e u g en c d e a w b e more f und ame n ta a

g u dn gp rn c p e t h an t h ey are n ou rp re en t o c a o rgan za t on

Theod notonthatprmt vepeopeobeyedcommandment and

av ode d c rme b e cau e t h w a n ac cordw t h dvn e yp re c rb e d aw

h ab e e n e nt re y e x p od edM od e rn c e n ce h a re p a ce d t w t h t h e

c onv c t on t h at e v e ry u rd c o - o c ao r re g ou p ro c p t on w a at

b o tt omon y t h e p ro ec t on of ome h uman w h an d e mbod ed t h e

e xp re on of t he d omn ant n t ere t of o c e t y at a c e rtan t age n t

e v ou t on u c h at h e f amy t h e group orc an t h e ca t e t h e c t y t h e

na t on ort a t e Th u e g a an d re g ou b e gnn n g h ave a c ommon

h t ory

Myt h oogy re p re e n t t h e f o ze d reman of a o c a an d e th c z a

orderwhoecharacter tctra t areoderthananyperod ofwhch

w e p o e d t n c t h t orc are c o rdTh rou gh t h e t u dy of myt h an d

p rmt v e re g on w e e arn ome t h ng ab out t h e w ay n w h c h ou r

eare tancetor thoughtandactedt wa thereforeahappythought

t o c a my th oogy th e p a a e on to ogy of e t h c Th e h t orc av au e of

e g en d an dmyt h mayb e ma f on e c on d e ron y t h e n c d e n t

re corde d t h ere n a u c h bu t f ort h e re con t ruc t on of odb e e f an d

e t h co - o c a d e a t h ey f u rn h an un mt e dw eat h of mat era a h a

b e en p on t ed ou t amon go th e r byB ern hof t 2Th e p e c ay t rue

ofmythoogca data

1MAKAREWCZ En f h rung n d e Ph ooph e d e S t raf re c ht

2E he un dE rbre ch t dg re c h H e ro en ze t Z e t c h rf vg Re cc h t -

w7 X 3 22



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320 VAN TESLAAR

Adefnte conceptonaboutreg ou begnnng mutprecedeany

attemptatnterpretngthe nceptonandevout onofethco-ega no-

t o n a n d d ea f o ne a d m t w t h Ba t a n f or n t an ce t h a t th e

py c h oog ca ou rc e of re g on f e ar- t h e fe arof t he man yd emon -

a c ap ow er w t h w h c h p rmt v e man mu t h ave t h ough t h me f u r-

rounded-thenonemayacceptwthoutquetonthehypothe that

f ow f rom t t h at "d aM ordve rbo t e e n e n ahe e g e n de R c k w rk ung

derddmonchenBev kerungderNaturundderddmon chberet

empfundenenZutdndede See chen"3Buttheauthorofthepreent

tudypont outthatamongprm tvepeope fearofdemonacapow-

e ran d f e arof murd erare byn ome an p ara e d e ve opme n t On t h e

on t rary t h e k n gof an e n emy av rt u e w h c h k e many an o th e r

p rn gf romn e ce t yWh at more amon gome prmt v e p e op e

w h oe t ru gg e f oru rvv aw a p art c u ary e v ere on ac count of t h e

me ag e rmean of u b t e nc e av a ab e e c on omc n ec e t y d e ve op ed

th e c u t omof k n gof f t he od an d f ee b e n t h e ame w ayw e mu t

ook t o e con omc an d o t he ro c a -u t t aran c au e f oran e xp an at on

o f th e ea r e t r e g o u a n d u r d c a c u t om a nd b e e f

F reu d n re c en t y ear h ae mph aze d ag an t h e anaog e b e tw e en

n dvdu apy c h c a c t v t y an d t he me c han m of o c a py c h oogy an d

a c ont rb u te d t o t he u b e ct aw e a t h of u gg e t on mot of w h c h

re man a y e t tob e w orke d ou t n on e of h mn orc ont rbut on

e n t t e d "ZZw an gh andun gundRe g on bung " F reu d t a t e "E n

fortchretenderVerzchtaufkont tutonee Trebe derenBetdtgung

demch prmdreLut gewdhrenkonnte chentenederGrundagen

d e rmen c h c h e n Ku t ure nt w c ke un g zu e n " Th n ac c ordw t h

t h e we -re c ogn ze d f ac t t hat e v en t h e e are t f orm of re g ou c u -

t om m p y a c er ta n a cr f c e o f n d v du a t y t h ow n g en er a

t ra t t h e py c h c f ac t or a t w ork n t h e p ro c e of c ry t a z a t on of

r e g o u b e e f C o n d e r f o r n t a nc e t he c u t om o f e t t ng a d e

ap ort on of an d f ort h e u e of dv n t e an d t he rc h gf t an d ac r-

f c e t on v b e g od w h e t h e c ommun t y c arryn gon ap re carou

e x t e nc e T he e u t r at e th e n h b t o n of e f h n t n ct a nd h ow

h ow bro ade rp rn c p e of a c rf c e t oh gh erdu t e are n t rod u ce d

Th e h ero e an ddvn t e of myth oogy are u rrog at e of t h e p e op e

u pp re e d w h e a n d p ha nt a e R e g o u t r a d t on u t r at e th e

h d de n m ec ha n m o f t he o c a m n d T h e xp a n w hy t he f e h -

t o re of h e ro e an d of dvn t e are rc h n un e t h ca n c d en t an d

p o t of are p u v e n atu re Wund t t a t e t h at ob e c t f c at on of t h e

p e op e ow n c on c oun e t h e ou rce of a my th -format on an d

t ha t n t h p ro ce m an h f te d a h q ua f c a t o n e ve n th e wo r t

g rea t ymagn f e d u p on dvn t e c rea t ed f ort h pu rp o e Th e ana -

y t c ap y c hoogy of F reu du b t t u te f orWun d t ob e c t f c a t on of

con c oun e t h e c rea t v e p ow e rof u b c on c oun e an dman tan

w t h p art c u art re t h at n omagn f c at on of an y t ra t o c cu r n t h e

p roc e Th e t ra t a c rb e d byman t oh g od f romt he b e t t o t h e

v e ryw ort are t ho e w h c h v e n h brea t e t h era re mn ant of h

on gp at ora ap ra t on of h ow n f ut u re n t h e py c h c me ch an m

ofthe ndvdua Freudhafoundthattheunwecomeforbddenw h

tranpoedand ometme proectedoutwardandupward A tudy

of myth an d re g on h ow t h at th e ame me c han m f oun dn

B ASTANZu rMyth oog e un dPy c hoog e d e rNgrt e r p 16o n

t h c onn e ct on ddmon c h e Zu t dn d e re fe rp art c u ary t od re am

a n d d e a e

S ammun gk e n e rS ch rf te n F D e ut c k e We n 19o9

5 Et h k 3 rd e d 5 2



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CURRENTLTERATUREOFPSYCHOANALYSS 321

f ok -py ch oogyNot on yd ore g ou c ommandmen t an dp ro c rp -

t on re pre e n t wh at o c ay un de rab e a t ag v e n t age n t h e e vo -

b ut o n o f o c et y b u t th e f e h t or e o f a r e g o u h e r oe f ro m t he

e are t my th oog c ad v n t e t oC h rt h ow at ran f e ru pw ard of

w h at n c omp at b e w t h man oph t c a t edn o t on of morat y an d

thereforeforbdden Conder foranexampe thefoowng n-

t an ce P e op e vn gn an orde rof o c e t yn w h c h t he f amyorg an -

z a t on b a a an d t he p ow er of t he p a t erf am a u p re me ook u p on

p atrc d e n atu ray e n ough a t he b ac k e t c rme of w h c h one c ou db e

gu t y y e t t he y are t he v e ryp eop e w h ore pre e n t t he rdv n t e a

g u t y o f t

t ap pe art h at amon gp rmt v e p e op e n dvdu a f e w an o t v au e d

h gh y n a t a te of o c e t yn w h c h w arw aof p e rpe t ua o c cu rre n ce

murdercoud havenotbeenavery erou offenceWhereeneme

ab oun d and t h e t ru gg e f or u rvv a a t t k ee n e t k n gn orde r

n o t t ob e k e d an e c e t y E v e n b ef ore t h e M arx an mate ra t c

c onc e pt on of h t oryw a f ormu at ed t h e v e w w ae x p re e d byn o

e k e en an ob e rv ert h an V otare t h at w arw aat b o t t omaqu e t on

of t h ef t 6Th e o cc aon a n u ff n g ou t of ah uman f e c ou dn ot h av e

b e en ooke d u p on a av e ryp ort en tou af f ar n t h o e un t ab e d ay of

c on t n uouw arf are Th e b e c o e d p o t on of p rmt v e p e op e

f u rt h er u t ra te d by t h e rw e -k now n mt ru t an d u p c on of a

t ran g er Th ere ad e e p py c h c reaon f ort h Su bc on c ouy

fnototherwe everytranger regardeda aneventua compettor

n t he t ru gg e f o r ex t e n ce o r a a p o b e e xu a r v a T he e a r e

t h e tw ogrea t e t mot v at on of man e ar e t t rugg e on e arth an d

th e yh av e re man e d arg e y o t o t h d ay t n te re t n g t on o te t h at

a m a r u bc on c o u m o t v at o n ha b ee n a c r be d to t he c h d n -

t n c t v e d k e f ororf earof t ran ge r an d t o t he m arp e cu ar-

t e of me nt ad e f ec t v e Th e ro t he rw e un acc oun tab e m t ru t

v are a w e k n ow n f rom gh t ant p a t hy t omarke dh atre d and a

d e re t ok t he t ran g erTh e f re n dy re ce p t on of t ran g er a

atedeveopmentn theevoutonofmen reaton wtheachother

ad t n c t mark of oph t c a t on t w aa n atu ra e q ue n ce of t h e

d e ve opmen t of c omme rc a e x ch ang e an d mar pu ru t Wt h t h e

c u t omof e xc h an g e th e f rt u b t ant a t e pwa t ake n t ow ard t h e

nternatonazaton of aw tmarkedthebegnnngofthetranferof

h o t n to t h e q u a t y of h op e n d ee d t n o t by acc d e nt t h at th e

w ord h o t an dh o t e are t ra c eab e t o t h e ame roo t Th c h an g e h ad

a t re me n dou n f u en c e up on t he c ou re of o c a p rog re F orone

t h n g t n tr o du ce d b e d e t he n ot o n o f a nd w e a t h r d h o t

beongngtothe amecategoryHenceforthaho tcoud a oenoy

c e rt an rgh t an dp rv e g e n t h e md t of t h e o c a g rou pn o t a

tranger werea keeneme

Theprncpe ofunawfu murderw thnthecommuntymut have

beenntroducedbywayofcontratbetweentherght andprv ege

o f t h e c a e o rc a te g ore me nt on ed f t h e h o t ap pe are dn t h e

q ua t y of h o t orw a ad u dg e d t hu du rn g tu rbu e n t d ay of w ar-

f are and re c p roc a u p c on b e t w ee n a e d g rou p t w a n od oub t

p rop e rt ok h m B u t th e an c t on of t he g roupp robabydd n o t

e x te n d to t h e murd e rof o th e rmember w t h n t e x c e pt of c oure n

t h o e n t anc e w h e re a c k of f ood u ppy or m arc ond t on made

theremova of uchunproductvemember a theod andthefeebe

d e rab e me au re of re e f an d t h e cu t omof k n g t he mof f gre w

Th e x pre on w ap araphrae d byP roudh on n h f amoud e f -

n t on of p rv at e p rop ert y L dp rop re te c e t e v o



15/20

322 VAN TESLAAR

as an ethico-religious ceremonial But there was one form of murder

whch must have been guarded aganst by a the means at command n

those days namey the k ng of the cheftan the man n whom cen-

tered a the soc a author ty a the power and prestge of the group

An attack upon him meant an attack upon the whole community it

savored of a soca ca amty Such a crme must therefore have stood

out as the blackest imaginable The deed was nothing short of treason

To this day, treason is still the highest crime of which a man may ren-

der hmsef gu ty and t ca s forth summary punshment Garofao

c a s t thena tur a crme Themor a d ffer encewher e thep hy s c a

deedwassm ar musthavebeenperceved nsomewayevenbythose

p rmt v e me n t ore t n t h e re a t on b e t we e n th e ag en t of t he c rme

and hs vct m n that stage of socety n whch the fam y was the

o c a u n t f o r m ng a o r t of t at e on a m a c a e a n d th e a r ge r c om -

mun tyw a bu t an agg reg a te of u c h t a t e w t h t h e fa t he rn e a ch a

t h e he ad re b e on ag an t h mmut h ave b e e n ooke d u p on a t h e

e q u v aen t of p o t c a t reaon an dp atrc d e mu t h av e b e en of a f or-

b dd en d e e d t h e v e t c rme E v e n aft e rt he f amy c e a e d t ob e

autochthonou andwa ucceededbyotherformof oca orderthe

od odumattachngtopatrcde mut haveurvved nfokthought

e p e c ay n c ommun t e k e Rome n w h c h t h e famy c ont n u ed t o

b e n man yre p ec t t h e b a of t h e wh oe o c a o rgan za t on

Wt h t h e p at e rf am a re pre e n t ng t h e p owe rof t h e t a te an d

p atrc d e p o t c amurd erp are x ce e n c e t h e k n g of t he f a t he rw a

p rob aby t h e f rt p u b c y f orbdd en f ormof murd er H t ory arch e-

oogy ethnoogy ur prudenceandthepychoogyofthe ubconcou

mn dof c h dh oodb rn g evd e nc e f romw de y e p ara te d f e d u b t an-

t a t n g t h p on t Th e p art c u arf ormof p roh b t on an d t he f ormu -

atonofpreventveandpuntvemea ure canbeundertoodony n

connectonwththeeconomcandother oca condton oftherepec-

t v e p eop e an d on t h e b a of an ay t ca py c h oogy

Tw ov e ry gn f c ant f a c t mayb e me nt on ed a u t ra t n g t he e

p rn c p e an d t he rw d e rang e of ap p c a t on w h en c on d e red n c on -

un ct on w t h e a c h ot h erAmon g t he e are t p o t c o -re g ou re gu a -

t on of t h e Baby on an A yran E gyp t an Gree k Roman an d

Chneea keanda mot everyothernatonthatmghtbe mentoned

w e f n dp e c f c an dun u u ay e v ere p un h me nt p rovd e d f orof f en c e

ag an t t h e h ead of t h e famy t h at t h e fa t he rOn t h e o t he rh and

t w b e f oun d t hat t h e g od of a t he e n at on h ave b e en re p re e n t ed

a g u t y of a k n d of of fe n ce ag an t t h e f a th e r n c u dn gmurd er

Moreoverthereare egend amongmanyndo-Europeanpeope of

occurrence nwhchthe ondrovethefatherfromthe eatofpower

n t h e f am y an du u rp edh p ac e Th e mot p re c ou p o e on t hat

w en t w t h t h e cov et e d p ac e wa w oman Nor t e ay t od t n guh

b e tw e en t h e c h ef w f e t h e con cu bn e an d t h e av e of t h o e t me

Atanyrateamongthe ndo-European twa notuncommonforthe

on t on h e rt h f ath e rc on c ubn e an dw ome n av e e v en f t ra ce

o f h m ar ry n g a o h f at he r c h e f w f e t ha t h m ot he r a r e

n o t of re q ue n t C e rt an t t h at among t h e L t h uan an an dP ru -

an f orn t an c e t h e on w a n o t f orbdd en t omarryh t e pmot h er

andth cutomof ntermarragebetweench drenandfoterparent

wa a oknownamongtheAngo-Saxon

Thu yearnngafterpowerandpartcuary forthe exuaprv ege

w h c h t b rou gh t w ere t h e py c h c mot v e w h c h e d t op a trc d e n t h e

e ary c u t ura t a te of o c e t yKoh e rmak e a c omp ar on w h c h

7Hozendorfer-Koher Enzykopaede 6



16/20


t h row af ood of gh t on th e b oog c o -py ch c orgn mport an d c on -

e q ue n ce of c h an g e n o c a c ont row h en h e t a te t hat Je d e Re c ht

t e n Oe dpu d e re n e n V ate rt 6te t u ndmt e n e rMut t ere n n e ue

Gechechterzeugt"Koh er referencetotheOedpu mythwa n-

c d e nt a b u t t he an ay t c apy c h oogy of F re u dn t t h at t more

t h an af gu re of p e ec h Th at t e mbod e a t e ra t rut h Th e Oe dpu

myth re p re e n t t h e n c e t ph ant ay of an at on an d ap arad gm

w h c h f urn h e an mportan t t art n g-p on t fort h e py c ho anay of

thereaton betweenchdrenandparent "Manymenthereare"

run aremarkabe tatementntheOedpu tragedybySophoce

"w hoh av e e e n t he me v e n d re am mate d t o t he rmot h er "Th u

n c e t ph an t ay op en y re c ogn ze d by t he Gre ek mn d Th e p o t of

S hak e p eare H ame t a ob e e v e d t ore t u p on an n c e t ph an t ay 8

Thervary betweenfatherand on theyoungheroandtheugy

k n gf u rn h e t h e p o t f orman ymyt h an df ok - t ore amon g t h e

m o t v ar e d n at o n T h o n y n at ur a t o t he n a v e m nd o f p r m -

t v e p e op e n c e th e p a trarc ha f amy -t a t e wa n o t th e e are t f orm

of f amyorg an zat on t w a p rec e de d a w e k n ow n byh e t ae rm

prom c u ou orc an marrage an dby t h e matrarc ha f ormof or-

g an za t on Now ond e rt hat n c e t ph ant a e are u n v era y d t r-

butedandreguaryproectedortranferredbythepeopeto ther

d e t e an dmyt h c ah e roe E v ery on e f amar f orn t an ce w t h

C a e ar t a te men t ab ou t t h e Brt on n h D e B e oG a c o " U x ore

h ab en t n te r e c o m un e p ar en te c um b er " T h

promcu tywa toppedony bytheadventofthepatrarcha form

w h c h ao e d u t mat e y t omonog amyB u t u c h arad c a c h an g e

n t h e e x re a t on b e tw ee n t he me mbe rof t h e f amyor c an w a n o t

p o b e w t ho ut t ro ng p y c h c re pr e o n C u to m a nd a w r e g o n

and upertton enforcedtheneworderandaddedforcetothep ychc

re pre on On e of t he f orma re u t of t h w at h at me mbe rof t h e

f ame b e came oph t c a te d f a p e t y e p e c a y t ow ard t h e fa t he r

c ame tob e o oke d u p on a ap art c u arv rt ue S t e aryn f anc y

f re e fr o m t f o r a L af on ta n e h a a d " ce t a ge e t a n p t "

Accordngto certan recentFreudandeducton th houdbefound

t ob e t rue a o of t h e e ary ag e of n at on

nthepatrarcha tatethemanfetg oryandpowerofthepater

f am a c on t ed c h ef y n h e xu a p r v e g e t he e a t a n ea r e r

p e rodh adb e en h are d by a t h e adu t mae of t he f amy more

n e ary a k e h e n ce t h e e n e of r v aryb e tw ee n f ath eran d on h e n ce

t h e n c e t ph an ta e t h e ymbo mof c h dh ood t h e d ream re pre e n t-

n gp at rc d e H e h n re port n h "D e morbu Rh ut e norum" of a

y oun gman w hot odw t h c on d e rab e p rd e t h at h b rd e h ad b ee n

re nd e re d p regn an t by t he B at u c h ka t he mat e rh f ath er v e ry

gn f c ant b e c au e t t h row add t ona gh t on ome p o b e p rv e g e

o f t h e p at e rf am a du rn g t he p at rarc h a t a te an dn d c a t e h ab o -

u te p ow er t q u te p o b e t ha t th e a n d ma t e r m u ch d c u e d

u p rmae n oc t d u rn g t he a t er f e ud a - e con omc t a te mayh av e

b e en are mn an t of t he orgn a p rv e g e of t h e pa t erf am a n d ee d

t he an d-ord e x erc e d t h e ame ab ou t e rgh t ov e rh c ommun ty a

th e pa te r fa m a o f o d o ve r h c r c e n a c e rt a n e n e h w a a

makro-famy overthemember ofwhchhehe dthe amedepotc

power

8"H ame t t e n E c k pfe e r n d e rEnt w c ke un gg e c h c ht e v on

RechtundSttchket" Koher ShakepearevordemForumderJur -

p rud e nz p 89S e e a oE rn e t Jone D aP rob e md e H ame t

undderOedpu Kompex



17/20

324 VAN TESLAAR

t n t ere t n g n t h c onn ec t on t on o t e t hat p a te ran dn 7arzp

meano rg na y thema st e rhewho no ur s he s a nd no tf a thernthe

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re ct e d agan t t reaon w t h n t h e o c a b ody t e x tre me y c h ara c -

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t w e k n ow n t hat p un h men t an d ac rf c e e g a c e re mon y an d

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f c e an d ao c ap ta p un h men t E v e rypun h me nt ac e remonymo-

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mony a c omp e x an d a mpre v e a t h e rep re e d ph ant ay c om-

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H e w hok h f ath e r t h row n n t o t he o c e an o t h at h e mayn e ve r

re un t e h me f w t h moth e re art h af t erb e n gf r t e wn upw t h ad og

c o ck ap e orn ak e-ymboof t h e e x u a mport of h d e ed E v ery

one of t h e e vn g c re at u re t and f ore x u at yn f ok ore myt h and

re gon Storferquotenumerou referencefromthee three ource

t o u t r at e th p o nt H e c o nc u de a f o o w " Da du rc h d a H un d

HahnAffeundSchangem tdentVatermrder n Meergeworfen

wurden dadurch da hreVerengungmt derMuttererdeverhndert

w u rd e o t e a od e Emprungg e g en d e p at rarch a c h e G ew at d e

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g c h e R c k fa n d e n H et r mug e rc h t et u n dg e h n t we rde n "

P 33

9 FW TTEL STrag c h e M ot v e D aU n b e wu t e v on He dun d

H e d n B er n E F e c he & C e 9 1 65 p ag e

n u c h work a Abrah am Traumun dMyt h u Rank Ge bu rt d er

H od en Rc k n Wun c he rf un gn M rc he n an d S t orf er S ond e r-

t e u n gd e V at ermord e t h e re u t of F reu d an an ay of t he

me c han m of n dvdu a py c h c a c t v t y are app e d t o t he t u dy of

ph en ome naof ap y c ho -o c a o rde rTh d one on t h e reaon ab e

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an ay t ca d a taof F re ud an py c h oogy to t h e f e d of e t te ran d p e -

c f c ay t o t h e mot vat on of d ramat c p o t Wt t e t art f romt h e

p rem e t h at th e t ran f e rof af fe c t amot c ommon py ch c o c c ur-

re nc e H e a o a c c ep t t h e w h oe F reu d an n ot on of t h e u b c on c ou

W t h th e e t wo h y po th e e a a b a h e fo rm u at e a r u e w h c h t o

e x p an t h e py c h c mot v at on of p o t p rac t c ay a f o ow Th e

c au e of a t rag e dy t he b re ak n t o c on c oun e of t he og c a an d

u n et h c a u b con c ou e f

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an dKan d au e w ap romp te d u b c on c ouy t o c rea t e an e mb arra n g

t u at on f orh er- a t u at on t h at mayprompt h ert o c ommt a e rou

b rea c h of mart a e t h c an d f u rn h h m w t h groun df ore p ara t on

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326VANTESLAAR

ub con c ou n c n at on t omurd e rou d e e d are aw ay at tra ct e d by

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d e epy n t h e u b c on c ou n t h e ame w ay re g ou d e vo t on an d

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b u t t mayb e t h at t v e ryb re ad t h dv e t t of c on cre te n e M ore -

o v er t he ru e ap p c ab e on y n t h e p re e n c e of morbdy n t en f e d

py c h og e n c c omp e x e Th at w e mu t f r t h av e th e an noy edh u -

b and t h e hy t e rc a ov e- on gn gw f e t h e Oe dpu - comp e x b e fore

t h e ru e w ork t w ou d ap pe art hat af te ra t h f ormu a bu t a

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gven Therevewer atttudereman renrefererendforthe

preent

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d ramat t n t en t on t od ep c t t h at w h c h Wt t e e e n h c rea t on ?

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w h oe f e d of d rama rre p ec t v e of t he d ramat t n t en t on? n t h e

a t an ay t re ay d o e n o t mat t eron e w ay orano t he rTh e d ram-

a t t a m a n of d ee p v o n n o t a c e n t t h e m a y ha ve b ee n e d

u b con c ou y t od e p c t t ru gg e an d t u at on w hoe re a mport e -

c ape e v en h un de rt andn gTh n ot unc ommon B u t w he t he r

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py c h oan ay t ca t u dy re man t h e ame

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h y t e raTh c h ap t erc on tan v e ry e x c e e n t u gg e t on Th e q ue -

t on t e f an w e re dn t h e n e g at v e Th e au th ort a t e t h at t he

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u n fam art y of t p rt d u e t o t he f a c t th at w e are t o omu ch

ad d c te d t oh y t era "w r e b en mt h rn Symboe H avng u c -

c e e d ed n u ppre n g a un we c ome n t n c t f arb ey ond e ay re c a

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of ou re v e n t h e h ero e of t h e rd rama A t ru e und e rt an dn g of

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ab t y re ay t o ap p re c a t e Gre ek t rage dyOu rc v za t on h ac arre d

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t he Gre ek t age e e mn o on ge rt oh odu p t h e mrrorof n at ure t ou

psychoanalysis a review of current literature

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