Psychological Health

Chapter 3

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Psychological Health Psychological health versus

psychological normality

What is Mentally normal?

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Defining Psychological Health A negative definition A positive definition

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Mental HealthAbraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualized Realism Acceptance Autonomy Intimacy Creativity

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Erikson's Eight Stages of Personality Development

Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and self-

doubt Initiative versus guilt Industry versus inferiority Identity versus identity confusion Intimacy versus isolation Generativity versus self-absorption Integrity versus despair

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Meeting Life’s Challenges Growing Up Psychologically

Adult identity Intimacy Values and Purpose

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Achieving Healthy Self-esteem Positive Self Concept Meeting the Challenges Less Defensive Optimism

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Honest Communications When you are the speaker:

State your concern as clearly as possible. Take responsibility for your feelings; use “I” statements. Avoid generalizations. Avoid blaming, accusing, and belittling. Ask for action ahead of time, not after the fact.

As a Listener: Don’t give unsolicited advice. Listen reflectively, Don’t interrupt, judge, blame,or

evaluate. Really listen, Try to tune in to the other person’s feelings. Let the other person know that you value what he or she is

saying and want to understand.

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Loneliness Balance. Unhappiness with being alone. The passive feeling.

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Dealing With Anger Distinguish between gratuitous

expression a reasonable level of self-assertiveness.

Manage your anger. Dealing with anger in other people.

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Psychological Disorders Anxiety

Simple, specific phobias Social phobias Panic disorders Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD) Obsessive-Compulsive disorders (OCD) Compulsions Post-Traumatic stress disorders (PTSD)

Treatment

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Mood Disorders Depression

Signs/Symptoms Potential of suicide Helping yourself or a friend Treatment

Psychotherapy Drug therapy ECT

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Mood Disorders Suicide

Risk Factors Encouragement Treatment

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Psychological Disorders Mania Bipolar Disorder

Gender differences Schizophrenia

General characteristics Disorganized thoughts Inappropriate emotions Delusions Auditory hallucinations Deteriorating social and work function

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Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change

Four Different perspectives1. Biological – pharmacological therapy2. Behavioral – Stimulus response

reinforcement3. Cognitive – Attitudes, behaviors and

feelings4. Psychodynamic – thoughts

Evaluation of the models

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Getting Help

Self Help Books Writing a journal Social groups Peer counseling Professional

Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Social workers Licensed Counselors Clergy Treatment Team