Psychologist vs Psychiatrist

Psychologist Masters (2yrs) Doctoral (3-5 years)

PhD or PsyD (clinical)

Cannot prescribe drugs

Practitioners

Academic

Researchers

Psychiatrist Medical Doctor M.D. Medical school with

internship in psychiatry Can prescribe drugs Counselor Master’s degree (MSW or

MC) Less severe mental health

problems Family, relationship,

substance abuse, anxiety

Types of Psychologists Clinical- Counseling Social Experimental Physiological/neurological Cognitive Developmental Psychometrics Industrial/Organizational Education/school Forensic

Careers in Psychology: Percentage of Psychology Degrees by Specialty

1909- Clark University Psychology Convention

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Defining Psychology Defined-The study of behavior and mental

processes Goals of Psychology

• To fulfill a genuine curiosity about behavior• To understand the contributions of genetics and

environment (social and cultural) in behavior and mental process

• To study behavior using methods that deem the study scientific

Roots of Psychology in Philosophy

Psyche (life/self) logos (logic) Plato (400BC)- Rationalism, deductive

reasoning Aristotle- Associations Descartes- Dualism- Mind and Body, Nativism John Locke- Empiricism, tabula rasa

The Roots of Psychology and science In the late 1800’s both physiologists and

philosophers will be investigating the mind Philosophy- “Why?” Physiology_ “How?”

Psychology-A scientific discipline

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)• Works to have psychology become an

independent science• Founds the 1st psychology laboratory in

Germany (1879)

Structuralism• Wundt and Titchener Structuralism focused on the

structure of consciousness• Premise-The content of conscious experience can be

analyzed into its basic elements

Competing Schools of Thought That Shape Psychology

Psychology Comes to America

G. Stanley Hall (1846-1924)• A student of Wundt• Establishes 1st American laboratory at Johns

Hopkins (1883) • Founded 1st American psy journal (1887)• Founded American Psychological Association-

APA (1892)

Woman and minorities

Few woman and minorities in early 1900’s

Woman Margaret Floy Washburn- first PhD 1894 Mary Calkins- first president of APA Currently woman get about 70% of PhD’s

African American

Francis Sumner- first PhD in 1920

Competing Schools of Thought That Shape Psychology Functionalism

• William James and G. Stanley Hall were the primary proponents

• Interested in studying the functions of consciousness

• Premise-the function of a conscious experience in providing adaptation of the organism is more important than the structure of that conscious experience

Current Perspectives

Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive Biological Humanistic Others evolutionary, sociocultural,

Current Perspectives in Psychology

Psychoanalytic early 1900s(Freud)Freud- Interpretations of Dreams (1900) Behavior influenced by unconscious

processes Stressed early childhood experiences

determine later behavior Negative view of humanity (aggression,

sex)

Early behaviorists

Pavlov (1913)- Dog

• Watson (1925)- Little Albert• Skinner- Box, rewards and punishments

                           

     

                         

     

Behaviorists (Skinner, Watson, Pavlov)

Environment determines behavior (Clean slate)

Stimulus Response Reinforcements and punishment Studies observable (overt) behavior and

stimuli, not concerned with internal states

Humanistic

Emerged as a revolt against behaviorism and psychoanalytic approaches

Carl Rogers founder Inherent Goodness of Human Beings FREE WILL Unconditional Positive Regard

Cognitive

Thoughts and mental processes Stim Mental process Behav Rational emotive therapy

Biological

Observable behavior given physiological explanations

Genetics, biochemical, neurological

Seven Themes of Psychology Psychology is Empirical Psychology is theoretically diverse Psychology evolves in a sociohistoric Behavior has multiple causes Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage Behavior is influenced by heredity and

environment Our experience of the world is highly

subjective