psychology 100:12 chapter 13 disorders of mind and body
TRANSCRIPT
Psychology 100:12Psychology 100:12
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Disorders of Mind and BodyDisorders of Mind and Body
Outline• Abnormal Psychology
– Perspectives– DSM IV
> Classification and diagnosis
– Anxiety disorders
Study Questions:• Describe the 5 axis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM IV)
4/2/09
• Perspectives on Mental disorders– Psychodynamic perspective
>Intrapsychic conflict between Id, Ego, & Superego
– Medical perspective>Dominant approach to treatment>Physical/genetic basis for mental illness>Treat mental illness like physical illness
~Drugs, surgery, etc.
Disorders
Disorders
• Perspectives on Mental disorders– Cognitive-behavioural perspective
>Mental disorders are learned>Environmental factors >Perception of events
– Humanistic perspective>Growth needs>Unconditional positive regard
~Perception that positive regard must be earned
Disorders
• Perspectives on Mental disorders– Socio-cultural perspective
>Influence of cultural variables>Interpretation of mental disorders
– Diathesis-stress mode>Genetics and learning leads to a predisposition>Stressor triggers the disorder
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Symptoms, signs, and syndromes
>Symptoms: Patient’s complaints
>Signs: Patient’s behaviours
>Syndromes: Patterns of signs and symptoms
– Psychoses and Neuroses>Psychoses: Marked distortions in perception and behaviour.
>Neuroses: Underlying conflict and anxiety
Disorders
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Emphasis on describing the disorder.>Five axes (criteria)
~Axis I: Major clinical syndromes .~Axis II: Personality disorders~Axis III: Physical Disorders.~Axis IV: Severity of stress (over last year): ~Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning:
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Axis I: Major clinical syndromes .~ Disorders appearing in infancy and childhood.
» e.g., ADHD, Autism, Speech, Aggression, Mental retardation.
~Delirium, Dementia, and Amnesia» Deterioration of brain due to aging, disease or toxic
substances. e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, lead poisoning.
~Psychoactive substance abuse» Abuse of alcohol and other drugs
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Axis I: Major clinical syndromes. ~Schizophrenia and Psychosis
» loss of contact with reality - hallucinations, delusions.
~Mood disorders» Extreme deviations from normal moods
~Anxiety disorders» Phobias, Obsessive-Compulsive, Panic attacks,
Post-traumatic stress
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Axis I: Major clinical syndromes. ~ Somatophorm disorders
» Pain, paralysis, blindness with no physical causes
~ Dissociative Disorders» Amnesia & Fugue, Multiple Personality Disorder
~Other Axis I disorders» Sexual disorders (e.g., gender identity)
» Sleep disorders, eating disorders, impulse control disorders
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Axis II: Personality disorders: ~Long term, maladaptive personality traits that
impair normal functioning.~Antisocial personality disorder
» Two criteria:1) Long-standing (conduct disorder < age of 15)2) Antisocial behaviour exhibited in 3 classes
~Paranoid personality disorder» Long-standing, pervasive distrust of others
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
>Axis II: Personality disorders: ~ Narcissistic personality disorder
» Outlandish sense of self importance~Avoidant personality disorder
» A pervasive pattern of social inhibition.~Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder
» A pervasive pattern of striving for perfection, order, and control
Disorders
• Diagnosis of mental disorders– Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV)
> Axis III: Physical Disorders:~ Medical problems relevant to the psychological ones.
> Axis IV: Severity of stress (over last year): ~ Psychosocial and environmental problems.
» Sources of difficulty over the past year» Anticipated difficulties
> Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning: ~ Individuals often return to their highest level of
functioning.1) Relations with family and friends2) Occupational functioning
3) Use of leisure time
Disorders
Phobia Obsessive-Compulsive
Panic
Anxiety Disorders
Alcohol Otherdrugs
Substance abuseor dependence
Dysthymia Majordepression
ManicEpisode
Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia AntisocialPersonality
Per
cent
age
of P
opul
atio
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Disorders
• Anxiety, somatoform, and dissociative disorders
– Anxiety Disorders>Generalized anxiety disorder.
~Difficulty controlling anxiety and worry (at least six months)
~Symptoms:» Restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty
concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
Disorders
Disorders
• Anxiety, somatoform, and dissociative disorders– Anxiety Disorders
> Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
~ Obsession: An irrational and intruding thought
~ Compulsion: A repetitive action
~ Most common obsessions
» Death, disease, disfigurement
~ Most common compulsions
» Rituals: Checking, cleaning (e.g., hand-washing)
» Mental acts: Counting, praying, silently repeating words
• Anxiety, somatoform, and dissociative disorders– Anxiety Disorders
> Panic disorder~ Panic Attack
» Three reactions.~ Emotional reaction: - Intense fear, apprehension, and terror.
~ Physical reaction: - Racing heart, trembling, dizziness, etc.
» Cognitive reaction: - having heart attack, going crazy, losing control
Disorders
• Anxiety, somatoform, and dissociative disorders– Anxiety Disorders
> Phobia disorders
~Phobia : A persistent fear reaction strongly out of proportion to the reality of the danger
» Two classes » Specific Phobias (simple phobias)
Animals, Inanimate objects, Illness & injury, blood
» Social PhobiasFear of specific social situations
Disorders