Psychology as the Science of Human Being

Annals of Theoretical Psychology

Series Editors:Craig W. Gruber, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USAJaan Valsiner, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkMatthew G. Clark, United States Military Academy at West Point, NY, USASven Hroar Klempe, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,

Norway

The Annals of Theoretical Psychology is devoted to understanding theoretical devel-opments and advances in psychological theory. This series is designed to further thedialogue on theoretical issues in the field of psychology and to unify the disciplinethrough a theoretical synthesis of ideas on key issues of debate. Core themes of theAnnals vary from one volume to another, moving beyond a focus on one particularaspect or approach to theory. Each book consists of invited and submitted papers andcommentaries that explore a facet of innovative theory in psychology. Of particularinterest is moving the discussion and exploration of theory into application for use inresearch, practice and teaching, taking into account the globalized nature of contem-porary psychology.

The enduring objective of the Annals of Theoretical Psychology is the explorationof key concepts that require further inquiry, dialogue, and theoretical integrationwithin psychology and related fields.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5627

Jaan Valsiner • Giuseppina MarsicoNandita Chaudhary • Tatsuya SatoVirginia DazzaniEditors

Psychology as the Scienceof Human BeingThe Yokohama Manifesto

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EditorsJaan ValsinerAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Giuseppina MarsicoUniversity of SalernoSalernoItaly

Nandita ChaudharyUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia

Tatsuya SatoRitsumeikan UniversityKyotoJapan

Virginia DazzaniUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBrazil

Annals of Theoretical PsychologyISBN 978-3-319-21093-3 ISBN 978-3-319-21094-0 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21094-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944505

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Preface

What is changing in psychology?We think that psychology as a science is—once again—at a crossroads. As it has

happened recurrently in the past, it is about to lose its appropriate focus—that of thesubjective domain of the human being (the Psyche) that is an immediate componentin the arena of living—involving all the activities of being human. Being ourselves—as human beings—involves happiness and sorrow, hopes and failures, endlesssearches of “who am I,” and developing sellable tools for helping others as well asdestroying them. Both construction and destruction are parts of being human—poetry and cruelty go hand in hand in our lives.

The human Psyche is complex, subjective, meaningful, and mysterious. As such,it cannot be reduced to explanations that consider it accounted for by causalmechanisms of lower levels of organization. Thus, the efforts to reduce higher-levelpsychological functions to physiological or genetic “causes” violate the hierarchicalsystemic structure of the totality of human beings. That system is organized atmultiple levels—all of which are related, yet in ways that are functionally non-causal. Each level is simultaneously participating in the organization of adjacentlevels as well as buffering against the potential malfunctions of these levels. Theresult is a highly resilient open system that depends on the processes of constantrelating to the environment. These processes are not in any way “caused” by directenvironmental “influences,” nor by “genetic factors.” These processes are basic forall living systems. Higher levels of organization of the psychological phenomenaare related to physiological and genetic levels—but not determined by them.

Nobody doubts that genetic, anatomical, and physiological levels of organizationare important in providing the basis for higher psychological functions. But theselevels can provide evidence only about the basis of the Psyche, not its inherentfunctioning which is subjective in its phenomena. Yet that subjectivity is organizedby basic, objective organizational forms. Psychology studies the Psyche—and canonly be helped, but not substituted, by knowledge from the lower levels (studied byneurosciences) or organizational levels above the psychological (sociological,political–economic, etc.). The phenomenon of the Psyche—human being in all of

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its subjectivity—is an organizational level in its own right. The science ofpsychology deals with the organization of that level.

The problem is that of meta-level aspirations of psychology as a discipline.Psychology, in its social presentation as science, has arrived into the twenty-firstcentury in a state similar to that of hundred years ago. It has been very successful—but mostly in its self-defeating ways of reducing its deeply subjective object—thePsyche—to various material (genetic, physiological) or legalistic (social rules,texts) alternate objects. All this happens in its fight to prove it is a science—byexternal social and commonsense standards of looking “scientific.”

It is precisely the claim that the psychological level of analysis is scientificallylegitimate in its own terms that this work is set up to defend. Psychology today is inthe process of being taken over by the seeming successes in the neurosciences—with psychological phenomena reduced to physiologically and even geneticallyproposed explanations. We have seen such efforts before—the 1913 “BehavioristManifesto” succeeded in stifling the theoretical progress in psychology for a cen-tury. Our effort is to go beyond the detrimental impacts of that turn in the history ofpsychology. The “Yokohama Manifesto”—to be unveiled at the InternationalCongress of Psychology in Yokohama in July 2016—is a starting point to restorethe role of higher psychological functions as the central object of psychologicalscience. The contributions to the present volume constitute the basis for theinternational and interdisciplinary synthesis that will be further developed inYokohama. It is an explicit statement against losing the focus of psychology asscience to the contemporary fascination with neurosciences or genomics havinganswers to basic human questions of psychological kind. They cannot—the qual-itative nature of the psychological phenomena is different from their objects ofinvestigation.

This volume brings together a representative selection of specialists from aroundthe world who are all working in turning psychology into a science of human waysof being. Being refers to the process of existing—through construction of thehuman world—rather than an ontological state. The volume includes work that is toestablish the newly developed area of cultural psychology as the general science ofspecifically human ways of existence. It is a next step after the “behaviorist turn”that dominated psychology over most of the twentieth century, and like its suc-cessor in the form of “cognitivism,” kept psychology successfully away fromaddressing issues of specifically human ways of relating to their worlds. Suchlinking takes place through our intentional actions: creation of complex tools forliving, entertainment, and work. They construct tools to make other tools. Humanbeings also invent religious systems, notions of economic rationality, and legalsystems. They enter into aesthetic enjoyment of various aspects of life in art, music,and literature. They are capable of inventing national identities that can be sum-moned to legitimate one’s killing of one’s neighbors, or being killed oneself. Thecontributions to this volume concentrate on the central goal of demonstrating thatpsychology as science needs to start from the phenomena of higher psychologicalfunctions and look at how their lower counterparts are reorganized from above.Such kind of investigation is inevitably interdisciplinary—linking psychology with

vi Preface

anthropology, sociology, history, and developmental biology. Various contributionsto this volume are based on the work of Lev Vygotsky, George Herbert Mead, andHenri Bergson, and on traditions of Ganzheitspsychologie and Gestalt psychology.The book should be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, biolo-gists, anthropologists, and cultural scientists.

The time for bringing the focus in this volume to the public domain is ripe.Psychology in the twenty-first century is no longer centered on any one continent.Neither is it (any more) a prerogative of any single country. Psychology today isdeveloping all over the world, based on many languages and cultural practices. Thenew integrative field, cultural psychology, paves the road for true internationalsyntheses of ideas in the field. New developments in contemporary biologicalsciences—such as the epigenetic revolution in genetics—provide potential ana-logical examples for new psychology for how to deal with hyper-complex andhyper-rapid phenomena. Psychology has accumulated too many data—now it istime to innovate the discipline by developing new theories of a general kind. We,the editors of this volume, coming from Europe, Asia, and the Americas—hope thatreading the contributions in this book will trigger new ideas that will bring psy-chology out of its recurrent question: “Are we a science?” Answering that questiondoes not make any discipline into a science, or deny it that privilege. To be ascience means to inquire and invent. Psychology has yet to activate its intellectualcreativity. This work—“the Yokohama Manifesto”—is a call for such activation.

Denmark Jaan ValsinerItaly Giuseppina MarsicoIndia Nandita ChaudharyJapan Tatsuya SatoBrazil Virginia Dazzani

Preface vii

Contents

Part I The Knowing of Being Human

1 Psychology as a Normative Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Svend Brinkmann

2 Psychology as a Phenomenological Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Gerhard Benetka and Amrei C. Joerchel

3 Cultural Psychology of Desire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Sergio Salvatore

4 The Centrality of Aesthetics for Psychology: Sciencesand Arts United Through Poetic Instants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Olga V. Lehmann and Sven Hroar Klempe

5 Memory and Creativity: Historical and ConceptualIntersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Vlad Petre Glăveanu and Brady Wagoner

Part II Marking Signs—Creating Ourselves: The Realitiesof Imagination

6 Affective Semiosis: Philosophical Links to CulturalPsychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Robert E. Innis

7 The Self Rises Up from Lived Experiences: A Micro-SemioticAnalysis of the Unfolding of Trajectories of Experience WhenPerforming Ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Alberto Rosa

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8 Studying Higher Mental Functions: The Exampleof Imagination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Tania Zittoun

9 What Imagination Can Teach Us About Higher MentalFunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Luca Tateo

10 Variety of Love: Multiverses in a Localism Aesthetic . . . . . . . . . . 165Luis Tapia-Villanueva and María Elisa Molina

Part III Values and Ways of Human Being

11 Religion and Religiosity as Cultural Phenomena:From Ontological Reductionism to Acknowledgmentof Plurality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Jacob A. Belzen

12 Understanding Human Being Within the Frameworkof William Stern’s Critical Personalism: Teleology,Holism, and Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Kolja Lehmann-Muriithi, Carolina de Resende Damas Cardoso andJames T. Lamiell

13 Values and Their Ways of Guiding the Psyche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Angela Uchoa Branco

14 Obscuring Cannibalism in Civilization: AmerindianPsychology in Reading Today’s Sociocultural Phenomena. . . . . . . 245Kleber Ferreira Nigro and Danilo Silva Guimarães

15 Bridging Micro, Meso, and Macro Processes in SocialPsychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Rusi Jaspal, Kevin R. Carriere and Fathali M. Moghaddam

Part IV Human Being as a Generalizing Meaning Creator

16 On Abstraction, Generalization, and TheoreticalConstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Yair Neuman

x Contents

17 Otherness is Everywhere to Bring About Your Self:An Inquiry into the Whimsical Emergenceof Children’s Selves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Koji Komatsu

18 Exploring the Workings of the Psyche: Metatheoreticaland Methodological Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Jana Uher

Part V Creating Future Horizons

19 Psychological and Social Borders: Regulating Relationships . . . . . 327Giuseppina Marsico and Achille C. Varzi

20 Education: The Process of Becoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Virgínia Dazzani

21 Narrative Psychology as Science and as Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349Mark Freeman

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Contents xi

About the Editors

Nandita Chaudhary is professor of psychology at Lady Irwin College, Universityof Delhi, India. She is best known for her cultural psychological studies of childdevelopment in social contexts of high complexity—where child-related issues arecoordinated by coalition formation of all child-related actors. She links develop-mental psychology with cultural psychology through an advanced focus on phe-nomena of human everyday life.

Virginia Dazzani is professor of graduate programs in psychology and in educationat the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. She has extensive experience inthe educational psychology field. Her research track includes studies on knowledgeand learning, family–school–community relationship/communication, and semioticprocesses. Her research expertise lies in the interface between psychology, culturaldevelopment, and education.

Giuseppina Marsico is a professor and researcher at the development and edu-cational psychology at the Department of Human, Philosophic and EducationSciences (DISUFF) at the University of Salerno (Italy) and adjunct professor forPh.D. program in psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. She isa 15-year-experienced researcher, with a proven international research network. Herresearch track includes studies on developmental risk at school, youth deviance,school–family communication, boundaries, and contexts. She is the editor of thebook series, Cultural Psychology of Education (Springer); the associate editor ofCultural and Psychology Journal (Sage); and member of the editorial board ofIntegrative Psychological and Behavioral Science (Springer). She also edited thebook Crossing Boundaries: Intercontextual Dynamics Between Family and School(Information Age Publishing).

Tatsuya Sato is professor of social psychology and dean of research atRitsumeikan University in Kyoto, Japan. He is a co-founder of the trajectoryequifinality approach in the study of human development and the leading specialistin Japan on history of psychology and qualitative methodologies.

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Jaan Valsiner is the Niels Bohr Professor of Cultural Psychology at AalborgUniversity, Denmark. He is the founding editor of Culture and Psychology (Sage)and the editor in chief of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences(Springer, from 2007). In 1995, he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Prizein Germany for his interdisciplinary work on human development and SeniorFulbright Lecturing Award in Brazil 1995–1997.

xiv About the Editors

Contributors

Jacob A. Belzen University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, GC, The Netherlands

Gerhard Benetka Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private UniversityVienna, Vienna, Austria

Angela Uchoa Branco Institute of Psychology, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia,Brazil

Svend Brinkmann Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; GC, Amsterdam,The Netherlands

Kevin R. Carriere Department of Psychology, Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA

Virgínia Dazzani Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

Carolina de Resende Damas Cardoso Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Mark Freeman Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester,MA, USA

Vlad Petre Glăveanu Department of Communication and Psychology, AalborgUniversity, Aalborg, Denmark

Danilo Silva Guimarães University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Robert E. Innis University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA

Rusi Jaspal Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University,Leicester, UK

Amrei C. Joerchel Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private UniversityVienna, Vienna, Austria

Sven Hroar Klempe Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Trondheim, Norway

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Koji Komatsu Osaka Kyoiku University, Asahigaoka Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan

James T. Lamiell Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

Olga V. Lehmann Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,Norway

Kolja Lehmann-Muriithi University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Giuseppina Marsico Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Filosofiche e dellaFormazione (DISUFF), Università di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy

Fathali M. Moghaddam Department of Psychology, Georgetown University,Washington, DC, USA

María Elisa Molina Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

Yair Neuman Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Kleber Ferreira Nigro University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Alberto Rosa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Sergio Salvatore University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Luis Tapia-Villanueva Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

Luca Tateo Department of Communication and Psychology, Niels Bohr Centrefor Cultural Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Jana Uher Department of Social Psychology, The London School of Economicsand Political Science, London, UK; Comparative Differential and PersonalityPsychology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Achille C. Varzi Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Brady Wagoner Department of Communication and Psychology, AalborgUniversity, Aalborg, Denmark

Tania Zittoun University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

xvi Contributors

About the Authors

Jacob A. Belzen graduated in social sciences, history, philosophy, and sciences ofreligion. He is a full professor at the University of Amsterdam, specializing incultural psychology of religion. Next to work in theoretical psychology, a majorpart of his publications have been founded on extensive empirical research inpsychohistorical, especially psychobiographical studies and in the history of psy-chology. He has been active in many national and international organizations and inpublication media in the history of the human sciences and in the psychology ofreligion. Next to organizing some 25 international conferences, he published wellover 200 articles, mostly in peer-reviewed media, and some 45 monographs, andedited volumes and special issues of journals. Recipient of several internationalawards and distinctions, he lectured in a variety of countries and addressednumerous conferences. At a number of international universities, he acted as vis-iting (research) professor or as visiting fellow. Since 2010, he is seriously hinderedby medical problems.

Gerhard Benetka is the head of the Department of Psychology at the SigmundFreud Private University in Vienna. He is a specialist in history of psychology and ananalyst of psychological thought and has taught in numerous institutes throughoutAustria, including Innsbruck, Graz, Klagenfurt, and Vaduz/Liechtenstein, and formore than 10 years at the Department of Psychology at the University of Vienna. Hismain research interests are science studies, theoretical foundations of psychology,and the role of visualization for knowledge.

Angela Uchoa Branco is a professor of developmental psychology at the Instituteof Psychology, University of Brasilia, where she founded, together with JaanValsiner and Diva Maciel, the Laboratory of Microgenesis in Social Interactions(LABMIS) in 1995. She was a visiting scholar at Duke University, University ofNorth Carolina, USA, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. She hascarried out research projects concerning early child education and development, the

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role of metacommunication processes in human development, and moral andprosocial development. From a semiotic–cultural co-constructivist approach, herresearch team investigates the micrgenesis and ontogenesis of human values, socialinteractive patterns among children, adolescents, and adults, and the developmentof the dialogical self. She edited Communication and Metacommunication inHuman Development (Info Age Publishing, 2004) and Cultural Psychology ofHuman Values (Info Age Publishing, 2012). Other books are Diversidade e culturada paz na escola (“Diversity and peace culture within schools,” Mediação, Brazil,2012) and Educação infantil e cooperação (“Early childhood education andcooperation,” EDUEL, Brazil, 2015).

Svend Brinkmann is professor of psychology in the Department ofCommunication and Psychology at the University of Aalborg, Denmark, where heserves as co-director of the Center for Qualitative Studies. He has studied philos-ophy and psychology at the Universities of Aarhus and Oxford. His research isparticularly concerned with philosophical, moral, and methodological issues inpsychology and other human and social sciences. He is currently employedpart-time as professor II at the University of Bergen, Norway. His major ongoingresearch project concerns “diagnostic cultures” and is concerned with the impact ofpsychiatric diagnoses on individuals and society.

Kevin R. Carriere is working toward his Ph.D. at Georgetown Universitystudying public policy and political psychology. His most recent work involvesexamining how rights and duties influence decision making and perceptions ofothers as well as work examining how power status mediates ambivalent negoti-ations of rights and duties. Other research interests include Jan Smedslund’s psy-chological, interobjectivity, and methodological considerations in qualitativeresearch.

Carolina de Resende Damas Cardoso is currently a Ph.D. candidate at theUniversity of São Paulo, in Brazil. Her current scholarly interests are in the historyand philosophy of psychology and phenomenology. She has published mainly onphenomenological issues and its implications to psychology and has recentlypublished a book in Brazil, Contribuições de Edith Stein para a psicologiacientífica [Edith Stein’s contributions to scientific psychology] (Appris, 2014).

Mark Freeman is professor and chair of the Department of Psychology andDistinguished Professor of Ethics and Society at the College of the Holy Cross inWorcester, Massachusetts. His writings include Rewriting the Self: History,Memory, Narrative; Finding the Muse: A Sociopsychological Inquiry into theConditions of Artistic Creativity; Hindsight: The Promise and Peril of LookingBackward; The Priority of the Other: Thinking and Living Beyond the Self; andnumerous articles on issues ranging from the psychology of memory and identity tothe psychology of art and religion. Winner of the 2010 Theodore R. Sarbin Award

xviii About the Authors

in the Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, he is also a fellow inthe American Psychological Association and serves as editor for the OxfordUniversity Press series Explorations in Narrative Psychology.

Vlad Petre Glăveanu is associate professor at Aalborg University, Denmark, andassociate researcher at Université Paris Descartes, France. His research explores theintersections between creativity and culture and develops a cultural psychology ofcreativity focused on creativity as distributed action. He has published numerousarticles on this and related topics. His recent books include Distributed Creativity(Springer), Thinking Through Creativity and Culture (Transaction), and theco-edited volume, with Alex Gillespie and Jaan Valsiner, Rethinking Creativity(Routledge). Vlad is also the editor of Europe’s Journal of Psychology (EJOP), anopen access journal published by PsychOpen.

Danilo Silva Guimarães is a professor at the Institute of Psychology (Universityof São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). He has been working with analysis of self—otherness interactions from a dialogical semiotic–cultural perspective in psychol-ogy. His main focus of investigation is the process of symbolic elaborations out oftensional boundaries between cultural identities and alterities, and psychology andAmerindian peoples.

Robert E. Innis is professor emeritus of philosophy at the University ofMassachusetts Lowell. He has published widely on the philosophical aspects ofsemiotics, mainly in its pragmatist versions, and its relations to the human sciences,especially cultural psychology. His main research interests, treated in many articlesand book and encyclopedia chapters, are aesthetics, comparative analyses of waysof knowing, symbolic processes, and the nature of religious naturalisms. Previousbook-length works include Karl Bühler: Semiotic Foundations of LanguageTheory, Semiotics: An Introductory Anthology, Consciousness and the Play ofSigns, Pragmatism and the Forms of Sense, and, most recently, Susanne Langer inFocus: The Symbolic Mind.

Rusi Jaspal is senior lecturer in psychology at De Montfort University, Leicester,UK. His research focuses on social psychological aspects of self and identity. RusiJaspal is the author of Antisemitism and Anti-Zionism: Representation, Cognitionand Everyday Talk (Ashgate, 2014) and co-editor (with Dame Glynis Breakwell) ofIdentity Process Theory: Identity, Social Action and Social Change (CambridgeUniversity Press, 2014).

Amrei C. Joerchel is a member of the scientific staff at the Sigmund Freud PrivateUniversity, where she teaches and conducts research in the fields of developmentaland cultural psychology. Her main research interests are in the development of selfand the interrelatedness of self and environment. She is particularly interested inhow persons experience their environments, how they appropriate space, changespace through their actions, and use this space to set themselves in a specificaffective tone, and how this space in turn takes on different qualitative

About the Authors xix

characteristics. Currently, her research focuses on the notion of home and how therelation between self and home from a phenomenological perspective.

Sven Hroar Klempe is a professor in psychology at the Department ofPsychology, NTNU, Trondheim. His background includes full professor inMusicology, associate professor in media studies, teacher, and journalist. Hisresearch is cross-disciplinary with an emphasis on the history of psychology, cul-ture and psychology, theory of science, communication, and music psychology.

Koji Komatsu is an associate professor of Faculty of Education, Osaka KyoikuUniversity. He has been examining children’s presentational selves that emerge intheir meaning construction, through qualitative analysis of mother–child conver-sation and children’s writings about their personal stories. Another subject of hisinquiry is the functioning of “Gitai-go,” a group of mimic words in the Japaneselanguage used in everyday interaction.

James T. Lamiell earned his Ph.D. at Kansas State University in 1976 and joinedthe Georgetown faculty in 1982. His current scholarly interests are in the historyand philosophy of psychology, and he has published extensively on methodologicalissues pertaining to personality research and the use of statistical methods moregenerally. His books include The Psychology of Personality: An EpistemologicalInquiry (Columbia University Press, 1987), Beyond Individual and GroupDifferences: Human Individuality, Scientific Psychology, and William Stern’sCritical Personalism (Sage, 2003), and William Stern (1871–1938): A BriefIntroduction to His Life and Works (Pabst Science Publishers, 2010). Lamiell hasthree times been a Fulbright Senior Scholar to Germany (Heidelberg, 1990;Leipzig, 1998; Hamburg, 2004). In Hamburg, Lamiell was also Ernst-CassirerVisiting Professor, in which capacity he delivered a series of public lectures on thelife and works of Stern.

Olga V. Lehmann holds a bachelor degree in psychology from La SabanaUniversity, (Colombia), and a Laurea Magistrale in Clinical Psychology: Health,Family relations and Community Interventions from Università Cattolica del SacroCuore (Italy). She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in psychology, from Norgesteknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet—NTNU (Norway). Her research interestsinclude death beliefs, logotherapy and existential analysis, silence in ordinary life,emotions, poetic instants, cultural psychology, and idiographic science.

Kolja Lehmann-Muriithi earned an M.A. in philosophy in the field of philosophyof science at Hamburg University, Germany. He earned his Ph.D. in psychologywith a monograph on the “Philosophical foundations of Humanistic psychology”(in German) and did graduate studies at Hamburg University and GeorgetownUniversity, Washington, DC, in 2013. His current scholarly interests lie in thephilosophy of psychology, particularly the concept of the person, consciousness,and holism. He currently works as a freelancing ornithologist in the environmentalimpact assessment sector for the “Institut für angewandte Ökosystemtechnik”(Institute for Applied Ecosystem Technique) in Hamburg and the “Forschungs- und

xx About the Authors

Technologiezentrum” (Research and Technology Centre) in Büsum, of theUniversity of Kiel, Germany.

Fathali M. Moghaddam is professor of psychology, Georgetown University, andeditor in chief of “Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology” (published bythe American Psychological Association). Among his recent books are ThePsychology of Dictatorship, and his forthcoming books include The Psychology ofDemocracy and Questioning Causality (co-edited with Rom Harre).

María Elisa Molina is a clinical psychologist and Ph.D. in psychology(Universidad Católica de Chile, 1985–2007). He is a family and couple therapist(Instituto de Terapia Familiar de Santiago, 1990). In the past, he has conductedresearch and taught at Luis Calvo Mackenna Pediatric Hospital (1995–2003). Atpresent, he conducts research and instructs undergraduate and postgraduate studentsat the Psychology Faculty of Universidad del Desarrollo. Molina is a member ofResearch Department of Love and Couple Processes and the director of the ClinicalUnit of Family and Couple Therapy at the Servicio de Psicología Integral of theUniversity. His research is focused on relational and dialogical process from aperspective of uncertain and culturally regulated systems; temporality of emergentprocesses; semiotic mediation; and a constructivist and evolutive approach to acultural, relational, and dialogical self. Main topics are therapeutic and clinicalencounter, and the phenomenon of passionate love, family, and couple’s relations.

Yair Neuman is a professor at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. He is also asenior fellow at the Brain Sciences Foundation, USA, and a co-director of theBehavioral Insights Research Lab at U. Toronto. Prof. Neuman received his BA inpsychology (major) and philosophy (minor) and his Ph.D. in cognition (HebrewUniv. 1999). His expertise is in interdisciplinary research where he draws ondiverse disciplines to address problems from an unusual perspective.

Kleber Ferreira Nigro is a M.A. student at the Institute of Psychology (Universityof São Paulo, Brazil) whose research is sponsored by the Brazilian NationalCouncil for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Nigro’s studiesestablish a dialogue between the semiotic–cultural constructivism in psychologyand aesthetics, based on his works as an artist on contemporary ethnographictheatrical projects. He is also a member of the Laboratory of Verbal Interaction andKnowledge Construction at the Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo.

Alberto Rosa is professor of psychology at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(Spain), where he lectures on history of psychology and cultural psychology. Hehas carried out research and edited books on developmental psychology of thephysically challenged (Psicología de la Ceguera; El Niño con Parálisis Cerebral),history of psychology (Metodología de la Historia de la Psicología; Historical andTheoretical Discourse—with J. Valsiner), and sociocultural psychology (TheCambridge Handbook of Socio-Cultural Psychology—with J. Valsiner). His mostrecent publications are about the influence of culture and history in the shaping ofidentity and citizenship (Hacer(se) Ciudadan@s. Una Psicología para la

About the Authors xxi

Democracia). He is currently interested in the semiotic analysis of experiencemediated by cultural artifacts.

Sergio Salvatore is professor of dynamic psychology at the University of Salento.At present, he teaches foundation of psychotherapy and models of the psycho-logical intervention. Co-editor of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science;Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome; RPC RivistaPsicologia Clinica-Review of Clinical Psychology. His scientific interests regard thepsychodynamic and semiotic theorization of mental phenomena and the method-ology of analysis of psychological processes as field-dependent dynamics. He alsotakes an interest in theory and the analysis of psychological intervention in clinical,scholastic, organizational, and social fields. On these issues, he has designed andmanaged various scientific projects and published several volumes and about twohundred articles on Italian and international journals.

Luis Tapia-Villanueva is a medical doctor and psychiatrist (Universidad de Chile,1982). He is a family and couple therapist (Instituto Chileno de TerapiaFamiliar ICHTF, 1990). In the past, he has taught and supervised postgraduateprograms (ICHTF from 1998). He also taught in the Adult Psychotherapy Unit ofPsychiatry Department, Universidad Católica de Chile, (2006–2008). Tapia-Villanueva was the former president of LA chapter of the Society forPsychotherapy Research (SPR) (2009–2010). He also served as advisor editor ofthe Journal of Psychotherapy Research (2008–2010). He is a current member of theeditorial committee of Revista de Psiquiatría Universitaria de Chile. At present, heis researcher and professor of undergraduate and postgraduate students atPsychology Faculty of Universidad del Desarrollo. He is the director of ResearchDepartment of Love and Couple processes. Research focuses on uncertain, cultural,and emotional regulation processes from a systemic perspective. Main topics are thephenomenon of passionate love, couple’s relations, and the therapeutic processes.

Luca Tateo is associate professor in epistemology and history of cultural psy-chology at Aalborg University. His research interests are the study of imaginationas higher psychological function, the epistemology and history of psychologicalsciences, revisiting the work of scholars such as Vico, Cattaneo, Wundt, Lewin,Moscovici in order to reflect upon the future trends of psychological research andrelated methodological issues.

Jana Uher is a research fellow at The London School of Economics and PoliticalScience. She received her Ph.D. from Free University Berlin in 2009, where sheheaded the group Comparative Differential and Personality Psychology from 2010–2013, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). In 2013, Jana Uherwas awarded a Marie Curie Fellowship by the European Commission. Her researchis transdisciplinary, concentrating on philosophy-of-science issues of psychologicaland behavioral research on individuals from culture- and species-comprehensiveperspectives. She employs a broad portfolio of methods in studies with humanchildren and adults with different sociocultural backgrounds and more than ten

xxii About the Authors

different nonhuman species, in particular primates. Jana Uher has been working atthe Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig (2003–2005)and has also been a visiting scholar at the Institute of Cognitive Sciencesand Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ISTC-CNR) in Rome(2011–2013).

Achile C. Varzi is professor of philosophy at Columbia University, New York,where he has taught since 1995. His main research interests are in logic andmetaphysics, with special focus on questions relating to identity and becoming. Heis the author or co-author of several books in English, French, and Italian and ofover 150 papers. Currently, he is an editor of The Journal of Philosophy, a subjecteditor of The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and an associate or advisoryeditor of other journals and book series.

Brady Wagoner is professor of cultural psychology at Aalborg University,Denmark. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge, where he wasco-founder of the F.C. Bartlett Internet Archive and the journal, Psychology andSociety. His research interests include cultural psychology, memory, cultural dif-fusion, metaphor, and social change, on which he has published a range of articlesand books. He is currently finishing the following books: The Constructive Mind:Frederic Bartlett’s Psychology in Reconstruction (Cambridge University Press) andThe Oxford Handbook of Culture and Memory (Oxford University Press).

Tania Zittoun is professor of sociocultural psychology at the Institute ofPsychology and Education at the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. She hasworked at the Universities of Cambridge (UK), and briefly at Clark (MA), in Berlin(DE) and Lausanne (CH). She now actively collaborates with colleagues acrossEurope and in Japan and South America and is involved in interdisciplinary work.She studies learning and development in the life course, with a special interest inthe role of cultural experiences, such as art and fiction. Her current fieldworkincludes trajectories of migrants as well as entering nursing homes, and her theo-retical work examines imagination in the life course. She is an associate editor ofCulture and Psychology, and her recent publications include Human Developmentin the Life-Course: Melodies of Living (CUP, 2013) and Imagination: DevelopingCulture and Minds (Routledge, 2015).

About the Authors xxiii