Psychotic andPsychotic andMood Disorders

ی با ر ر ا دی پزش یاران سال اول روا یکلاس د پز ل ل ن ی س

ان؛ وه ی ا وم پزش ه ع ی دا پزش 93/6/16روا

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M d A i P h ti N ifi

SymptomsMood Anxious Psychotic Non-specific

Depressed mood Anxiety/Worry Delusion Aggression

Loss of interest Phobia Hallucination Agitation/RestlessnessLoss of interest Phobia Hallucination Agitation/Restlessness

Elevated mood Rumination Disorganized speech Irritability

Hopelessness Avoidance Disorganized behavior ImpulsivityHopelessness Avoidance Disorganized behavior Impulsivity

Worthlessness Safety behaviors Mood swing

Helplessness Hypervigilance Talkativeness

Guilt feeling Panic attack Grandiosity

Attempted suicide Safety behaviors Difficulty concentrating

O ti it R tl S lf i jOveractivity Restlessness Self-injury

Overfamiliarity Exaggerated startle response Insomnia

Being easily fatiguedg y g

Symptom → Syndromey p y

Depressed mood + Loss of interest +

Insomnia + Low self-esteem + Hopelessness p

Major Depressive Episode

44

Symptom → Syndromey p y

A i

GAD

Adjustment DisorderTalkativeness Anxiety

Substance-induced

Adjustment Disorder

Compulsion OCDOrganic

Manic Episode Bipolar Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder

Hyperthyroidism

Schizoaffective Disorder

Substance-induced

55OrganicSubstance-induced/Abuse

MoodMood

Depressed mood/ Loss of interest

Elevated/ Expansive moodElevated/ Expansive mood

Irritable mood (Less specificity)

Affective instability (Less specificity)

66

Adjustment

MDD

Adjustment

Dysthymic

MDD

Rec Brief

y y

Minor dep

Bip dep

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

88

يهاي كليدي اختلال دوقطبي نشانه

Depressed mood

L f i t tLoss of interest

Euphoria

Irritability

Overactivity

99

ييهاي اختلال دوقطبي ويژگي

Highly recurrent

Familial [etiology]

Depression: Predominant affect

Hypo/mania: Hallmark

Depression: Predominant affectProfound disability

Suicide: a major outcome

Subsyndromal symptoms: Predominant features

j

1010Comorbidity is the rule rather than exception.

I th li iIn the clinic:

depression/anxiety symptoms > i / imania/hypomania symptoms

1111

Bipolar I DisorderBipolar I Disorder

MajorMania Major Depression

Bipolar I DisorderBipolar I Disorder

Major Mania

jDepression

MixedMixed

Bipolar I DisorderBipolar I Disorder

M i H i

Mania Hypomania

Psychosis+

+ ―

Dysfunction+ ―+ ―

Significant aggression+ ―+

Duration ≥ 7 days or any if aggression

≥ 4 daysgg

Bipolar II DisorderBipolar II Disorder

Hypo MajorHypo-mania

Major Depression

Bipolar II DisorderBipolar II Disorder

1818

PsychosisPsychosis

Delusion

HallucinationHallucination

Disorganized speech

Disorganized behavior

1919

2020

Bryan Charnley, 1991

“Mania” whose author is Florencio Yllana, a contemporary artist of Philippine origin (bornPhilippine origin (born 1977), presently living in Brazil. The painting was done in 2001 following the acute manic episode in the course of BD in the artist (Rybakowski JK 2010)artist. (Rybakowski JK, 2010)

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Psychotic DisordersPsychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia

Schizoaffective DisorderSchizoaffective Disorder

Delusional Disorder

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Another Medical ConditionAnother Medical Condition

Substance-induced

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Psychotic+Affective

Psychotic+ Affective Remission Psychotic+

Affective

Psychotic+ Affective Psychotic Psychotic+Affective

Psychotic+ Affective Affective Psychotic+

Affective

Psychotic+ PsychoticPsychotic+ Affective Psychotic Affective Psychotic

+Affective

Treatment OptionsTreatment Options

Placebo; Sham ECT

Medications

Psychotherapy

ECT

rTMS

VNS

Antidepressants: 8) NDRIs (bupropion)

1) TCAs (imipramine)

2) Atypical TCAs (mianserin)

10) NASSAs (mirtazapine)

11) MASSAs (agomelatine)2) Atypical TCAs (mianserin)

3) MAOIs (tranylcypromine)

11) MASSAs (agomelatine)

12) SSREs (tianeptine)

4) RIMAs (moclobemide) 13) Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator (vortioxetine)

5) SSRIs (fluoxetine)

6) SNRIs (venlafaxine)

14) SRI+5HT1aPA (vilazodone)

6) SNRIs (venlafaxine)

7) NRIs (reboxetine)

15) Herbal: St. John's wort

16) SNDRIs (amitifadine)

8) SARIs (trazodone)

) ( )

Treatment algorithmg

Remission

New drugPartial remission

Increase ORAugmentation/ Combination

Poop out

No Response Switch

Poop out = losing the efficacy

Augmentation agents:1) Folic acid1) Folic acid

2) Omega-3 fatty acids

3) Buspirone

4) SGAs

5) Stimulants

6) Liothyronine

7) Lithium

8) Wake-promoting agents:8) Wake promoting agents:

modafinil

9) D i i t9) Dopamine agonists:

pramipexole

Major side effectsMajor side effects

Lithium Renal failure Toxicity Diabetes i i idinsipidus

Valproate Teratogenicity Hepatotoxicity

Lamotrigine Serious rash

i l i b lli li id i i h iAtypical antipsychotics

Diabetes mellitus Hyperlipidemia Weight gain

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Strengths Weaknesses

i hi i i id i iLithium Antisuicide Toxicity

Valproate High tolerance For women in Valproate High tolerance For women in fertility ages

Lamotrigine High tolerance TitrationNo weight gain

Low teratogenicityNo antimanicSerious rash

Atypical Antipsychosis Metabolic ypantipsychotics

p ysyndromes

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