puberty is the period which links the childhood and adulthood
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Puberty
Is the period which links the childhood and adulthood
Female Pubertal Developments
Period: 4-5 years
(1.5-6 years)
Female Pubertal Sequences: Growth 9.8 years Thelarche 10.0 years Adrenarche 10.5 years Menarche 12.8 years
Time of Puberty Family Sex Nutrition Obesity Psychological
Genetic General health Geographical location Exposure to the light
Physiology of the female puberty
Hormonal & physical changes
I- During childhood Low levels of hormones (gonadostat):
GnRH
FSH&LH
Estrogen
Suppression of the Activity Levels of Hormones
Hypersensitivity of the Hypothalamus Intrinsic CNS inhibition
II- During Adolescence Increase levels of hormones:
Adrenal androgen (Adrenarche)
Gonadotrophic hormones (FSH&LH)
Estrogen (Gonadarche)
High Activity Levels of Hormones Decrease sensitivity Maturation of Hypothalamus
Increase amplitude & frequency of pulsative GnRH
The Release of Pulsative GnRH Increase Gonadotrophic & steroids Appearance of secondary sexual
characteristics Menarche Ovulation (estradiol-LH)
Secondary Sexual Characteristics: Breast development Pubic and axillary hair growth Female fate distribution Vaginal and uterine growth Skeletal growth
Growth
Growth spurt, express as increase linear growth velocity in cm per year.
Growth Peak: 2 years after breast budding Height: reached maximum at age 17-18 years Skeletal changes:
* Insulin-like GF
* Growth hormone
* Sex steroid
Thelarche
The earliest sign of of puberty to become evident is usually breast growth
Adrenarche
The growth of pubic and axillary hair is due to increase production of
adrenal androgen
Adrenarche Increase androgen: 6-15 years Is not under control of the following:
* Gonadotrophin
* ACTH
* Prolactin
Tanner Staging
The breasts and of pubic hair growth of puberty have been classified into five stages
Gonadarche Factors which induce gonadarche in late pre-puberty:
* Anterior pituitary response GnRH
* Follicle reactivity to FSH&LH
The Age of Menarche is decline: Improve nutritional status Body weight (47.8 kg) Percentage of fat (16-23%) Obese girls (23-30%)
In summary Puberty
Increase levels of gonadotrophins&steroids Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics Pulsatile GnRH (10-16 years) Central negative inhibition Maturation of positive feedback